INTRODUCTIONHepatitis B virus (HBV) belongs to the group ofhepatovirus, a major pathogen of human acute andchronic hepatitis B[1 4], which has a very closeassociation with human hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)[5-8], For...INTRODUCTIONHepatitis B virus (HBV) belongs to the group ofhepatovirus, a major pathogen of human acute andchronic hepatitis B[1 4], which has a very closeassociation with human hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)[5-8], For example, a statistical data from ahospital in Shanghai showed that 80% of HCCpatients were positive for HBsAg ( personalcommunication).展开更多
Here we review the literature on the effects of molecular hydrogen (H<sub>2</sub>) on normal human subjects and patients with a variety of diagnoses, such as metabolic, rheumatic, cardiovascular and neurod...Here we review the literature on the effects of molecular hydrogen (H<sub>2</sub>) on normal human subjects and patients with a variety of diagnoses, such as metabolic, rheumatic, cardiovascular and neurodegenerative and other diseases, infections and physical and radiation damage as well as effects on aging and exercise. Although the effects of H<sub>2</sub> have been studied in multiple animal models of human disease, such studies will not be reviewed in depth here. H<sub>2</sub> can be administered as a gas, in saline implants or infusions, as topical solutions or baths or by drinking H<sub>2</sub>-enriched water. This latter method is the easiest and least costly method of administration. There are no safety issues with hydrogen;it has been used for years in gas mixtures for deep diving and in numerous clinical trials without adverse events, and there are no warnings in the literature of its toxicity or long-term exposure effects. Molecular hydrogen has proven useful and convenient as a novel antioxidant and modifier of gene expression in many conditions where oxidative stress and changes in gene expression result in cellular damage.展开更多
Myeloid-derived suppressor cells(MDSCs) represent an important class of immunoregulatory cells that can be activated to suppress T cell functions. These MDSCs can inhibit T cell functions through cell surface interact...Myeloid-derived suppressor cells(MDSCs) represent an important class of immunoregulatory cells that can be activated to suppress T cell functions. These MDSCs can inhibit T cell functions through cell surface interactions and the release of soluble mediators. MDSCs accumulate in the inflamed tissues and lymphoid organs of patients with autoimmune diseases. Much of our knowledge of MDSC function has come from studies involving cancer models, however many recent studies have helped to characterize MDSC involvement in autoimmune diseases. MDSCs are a heterogeneous group of immature myeloid cells with a number of different functions for the suppression of T cell responses. However, we have yet to fully understand their contributions to the development and regulation of autoimmune diseases. A number of studies have described beneficial functions of MDSCs during autoimmune diseases, and thus there appears to be a potential role for MDSCs in the treatment of these diseases. Nevertheless, many questions remain as to the activation, differentiation, and inhibitory functions of MDSCs. This review aims to summarize our current knowledge of MDSC subsets and suppressive functions in tissue-specific autoimmune disorders. We also describe the potential of MDSC-basedcell therapy for the treatment of autoimmune diseases and note some of hurdles facing the implementation of this therapy.展开更多
基金This work was supported by Projects of Tackling Key Problems in ScienceTechnology from the State Science+2 种基金Technology Ministry (TJ99-LA01) Shanghai ScienceTechnology Commission (994919033 )
文摘INTRODUCTIONHepatitis B virus (HBV) belongs to the group ofhepatovirus, a major pathogen of human acute andchronic hepatitis B[1 4], which has a very closeassociation with human hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)[5-8], For example, a statistical data from ahospital in Shanghai showed that 80% of HCCpatients were positive for HBsAg ( personalcommunication).
文摘Here we review the literature on the effects of molecular hydrogen (H<sub>2</sub>) on normal human subjects and patients with a variety of diagnoses, such as metabolic, rheumatic, cardiovascular and neurodegenerative and other diseases, infections and physical and radiation damage as well as effects on aging and exercise. Although the effects of H<sub>2</sub> have been studied in multiple animal models of human disease, such studies will not be reviewed in depth here. H<sub>2</sub> can be administered as a gas, in saline implants or infusions, as topical solutions or baths or by drinking H<sub>2</sub>-enriched water. This latter method is the easiest and least costly method of administration. There are no safety issues with hydrogen;it has been used for years in gas mixtures for deep diving and in numerous clinical trials without adverse events, and there are no warnings in the literature of its toxicity or long-term exposure effects. Molecular hydrogen has proven useful and convenient as a novel antioxidant and modifier of gene expression in many conditions where oxidative stress and changes in gene expression result in cellular damage.
文摘Myeloid-derived suppressor cells(MDSCs) represent an important class of immunoregulatory cells that can be activated to suppress T cell functions. These MDSCs can inhibit T cell functions through cell surface interactions and the release of soluble mediators. MDSCs accumulate in the inflamed tissues and lymphoid organs of patients with autoimmune diseases. Much of our knowledge of MDSC function has come from studies involving cancer models, however many recent studies have helped to characterize MDSC involvement in autoimmune diseases. MDSCs are a heterogeneous group of immature myeloid cells with a number of different functions for the suppression of T cell responses. However, we have yet to fully understand their contributions to the development and regulation of autoimmune diseases. A number of studies have described beneficial functions of MDSCs during autoimmune diseases, and thus there appears to be a potential role for MDSCs in the treatment of these diseases. Nevertheless, many questions remain as to the activation, differentiation, and inhibitory functions of MDSCs. This review aims to summarize our current knowledge of MDSC subsets and suppressive functions in tissue-specific autoimmune disorders. We also describe the potential of MDSC-basedcell therapy for the treatment of autoimmune diseases and note some of hurdles facing the implementation of this therapy.
