The oxidative degradation of 4-chlorophenol （4-CP） in aqueous solution induced by plasma with submersed glow discharge has been investigated. The concentration of 4-CP and the reaction intermediates were determined ...The oxidative degradation of 4-chlorophenol （4-CP） in aqueous solution induced by plasma with submersed glow discharge has been investigated. The concentration of 4-CP and the reaction intermediates were determined by high performance liquid chromatography （HPLC）. Various influencing factors such as the initial pH, the concentration of 4-CP and the catalytic action of Fe^2＋ were examined. The results indicate that 4-CP is eventually degraded into inorganic ion, dioxide carbon and water. The attack of hydroxyl radicals on the benzene rings of 4-CP in the initial stage of oxidative reactions is presumed to be a key step. They also suggest that the reaction is of a pseudo-first order kinetic reaction and the proposed method is an efficient way for the 4-CP degradation,展开更多
The present status and the history of chlor alkali industry using mercury as cathode in China has been studied. Quantitative mercury emission has been estimated. At present, 17.5%—20% of the consumed mercury is re...The present status and the history of chlor alkali industry using mercury as cathode in China has been studied. Quantitative mercury emission has been estimated. At present, 17.5%—20% of the consumed mercury is released into water, 49.1%—53.3% of the Hg is discharged to the brine system outside the plants. 10%—14% of the Hg is emitted directly to the atmosphere, 5 3%—6 7% enters waste materials. The chlor alkali industry in China discharged about 17 tons every year. The total amount of mercury released by the chlor alkali industry in China is estimated to be 1400—2700 tons since 50's. With the result of improved technology and more strict environmental regulations started in late 1970's, chlorine plants reduced their mercury loss factor from 0 5? ? 4 kg/t NaOH before 1977 to 0.16—0.18 kg/t NaOH in 1997. The number of mercury cells in alkali plants was also reduced. In 1998, China is planning to finish the history of producing chlorine and caustic soda using the mercury cell process in the near future. How to deal with the emitted mercury will remain a main problem.展开更多
To analyze the effect of agricultural activity on nitrogen(N) budget at the watershed scale,a comparative study was conducted at two Japanese watersheds,the Shibetsu River watershed(SRW) and Upper-Naka River watershed...To analyze the effect of agricultural activity on nitrogen(N) budget at the watershed scale,a comparative study was conducted at two Japanese watersheds,the Shibetsu River watershed(SRW) and Upper-Naka River watershed(UNRW),and one Chinese watershed,the Jurong Reservoir watershed(JRW).The total area and the proportion of agricultural area(in parentheses) of the watersheds were 685(51%),1 299(21%),and 46 km 2(55%) for SRW,UNRW,and JRW,respectively.The main agricultural land use in SRW was forage grassland,while paddy fields occupied the highest proportion of cropland in UNRW(11% of total area) and JRW(31% of total area).The farmland surplus N was 61,48,and 205 kg N ha 1 year 1 for SRW,UNRW,and JRW,respectively.The total input and output for the whole watershed were 89 and 76,83 and 61,and 353 and 176 kg N ha 1 year 1 for SRW,UNRW,and JRW,respectively.The proportion of discharged N to net anthropogenic N input was 31%,37%,and 1.7% for SRW,UNRW,and JRW,respectively.The two watersheds in Japan showed similar proportions of discharged N to those of previous reports,while the watershed in China(JRW) showed a totally different characteristic compared to previous studies.The high N input in JRW did not increase the amount of discharged N at the outlet of the watershed due to high proportions of paddy fields and water bodies,which was an underestimated N sink at the landscape scale.展开更多
A flexible polymer nanocomposite has been developed via introducing Nd-doped BaTiO_(3)nanoparticles into the poly(vinylidene fluoride).This nanocomposite delivers a discharged energy density up to 12.5 J/cm^(3)under a...A flexible polymer nanocomposite has been developed via introducing Nd-doped BaTiO_(3)nanoparticles into the poly(vinylidene fluoride).This nanocomposite delivers a discharged energy density up to 12.5 J/cm^(3)under an electric field of 420 kV/mmwith only a small loading of 1 vol.%Nd-BaTiO_(3).High discharged energy density,mechanical flexibility,light weight,ease fabrication and low cost makes it attractive for advanced microelectronics and electrical power systems.Our results demonstrate that ceramics with giant dielectric permittivity as viable fillers for polymer nanocomposite dielectrics with higher energy density.展开更多
Background Pulse oximetry screening（POS） has been proposed as an effective,noninvasive,inexpensive tool allowing earlier diagnosis of critical congenital heart disease（CCHD）.However,most neonates are discharged fr...Background Pulse oximetry screening（POS） has been proposed as an effective,noninvasive,inexpensive tool allowing earlier diagnosis of critical congenital heart disease（CCHD）.However,most neonates are discharged from the hospital without this evaluation in China.This study aimed at assessing the feasibility of POS for newborns in detecting CCHD in the department of obstetrics and neonatal intensive care unit（NICU）.Methods POS was performed in 355 neonates born in the department of obstetrics or admitted to the NICU between January 2015 and June 2015.These neonates were divided into normal group,mild congenital heart disease group（MCHD） and CCHD group,according to the result of echocardiography or computerized tomography（CT）.The gestational age,birth weight and arterial oxygen saturation（SpO_2） were compared among the three groups.The SpO_2 value and diagnosis time of the CCHD cases were classified and analyzed.Results The premature birth and low birth weight were the high risk factors of mild congenital heart disease.There was no difference（P 〉 0.05） in SpO_2 between the MCHD group and the normal group.Significant difference in the SpO_2 appeared between the CCHD group and the normal group（P 〈 0.05）.Combination of POS and clinical examination can reduce the missing diagnosis rate in screening for CCHD.Conclusions POS incurs very low cost and risk of harm and is not required for special training,therefore,an effective way to identify CCHD in neonates.展开更多
The development of advanced dielectric film materials with high energy storage performance is of critical significance for pulsed power capacitor applications.Nevertheless,the low discharged energy density(Ue)of curre...The development of advanced dielectric film materials with high energy storage performance is of critical significance for pulsed power capacitor applications.Nevertheless,the low discharged energy density(Ue)of current dielectric film material restricts their further application.In this work,core-shell structured SrTiO_(3)@SiO_(2) nanowires(ST@SiO_(2) NWs)fillers are fabricated based on interface engineering for high Ue.The optimized SiO2 insulating layer could effectively confine the mobility of space charge carriers in the interfacial zone between ST NWs and thick SiO2 insulating layer,thus reducing the interfacial polarization between the interface of nanofillers/polymer,which could be used to optimize the electric field strength and electric displacement of the corresponding nanocomposite.As a result,this nanocomposite film simultaneously exhibits enhanced maximum applied electric field(Emax)and(Dmax-Pr)values,thus releasing an ultrahigh discharged energy density of 14.7 J/cm^(3) at 390 MV/m,which is 99%higher than that of the conventional ST/P(VDF-CTFE)(without SiO2 coating)nanocomposite,and it is almost 2.5 times that of pure P(VDF-CTFE).This work demonstrates the superiority of the core-shell structured paraelectric nanowire in enhancing the energy storage performance of dielectric film capacitors,which is expected to guide the design of advanced energy-storage nanocomposites.展开更多
The quantity of slag and ash discharged from coal-firedpower plants grows in step with development of electricpower industry,the disposal of which imposes a heavy burden on theoperating plants and to a certain extent ...The quantity of slag and ash discharged from coal-firedpower plants grows in step with development of electricpower industry,the disposal of which imposes a heavy burden on theoperating plants and to a certain extent exerts an effect of restrainingthe development of coal-fired power generating units.Presently展开更多
Sensitivity analysis of thermal equilibrium parameters in the reservoir module of MIKE 11 model was conducted for the Wuxikou Reservoir in Jiangxi Province of China in order to apply the module to the environmental im...Sensitivity analysis of thermal equilibrium parameters in the reservoir module of MIKE 11 model was conducted for the Wuxikou Reservoir in Jiangxi Province of China in order to apply the module to the environmental impact assessment to accurately predict water temperature of reservoirs.Results showed that radiation parameter A and evaporation-first parameter were much more sensitive than other parameters.The values of the radiation parameter A ranged from 0.10 to 0.34.The values of evaporation-first parameter varied from 0 to 10.The sensitivity of solar absorption parameters was less than that of evaporation parameter,of which light attenuation values ranged from 0.5 to 0.7,and this parameter would not impact model results if it was more than 2.Constants in Beer's law ranged from 0.2 to 0.7.Radiation parameter B was not more sensitive than evaporation parameter and its reasonable range was higher than 0.48.The fitting curves showed consistent changing tendency for these parameters within the reasonable ranges.Additionally,all the thermal equilibrium parameters had much more important effects on surface water temperature than deep water temperature.Moreover,if no observed data could be obtained,the local empirical value would be used to input to the MIKE 11 model to simulate the changes in the discharged outflow-water temperature qualitatively.展开更多
The research performed statistical analysis on 186 data concerning the amount of discharged industrial wastewater, the amount of oxygen demand of industrial wastewater, the amount of ammonia and nitrogen discharged fr...The research performed statistical analysis on 186 data concerning the amount of discharged industrial wastewater, the amount of oxygen demand of industrial wastewater, the amount of ammonia and nitrogen discharged from industries, the amount of urban discharged domestic sewage, the amount of daily life chemical oxygen demand, and the amount of domestic ammonia and nitrogen to explore source of pollutants from wastewater and guarantee urban water quality.Factor analysis was then performed with SPSS according to discharge quantity of pollutants. The results should that the major pollutants are from domestic sewage it is expected scientific suggestions be proposed on water quality in our country.展开更多
Environmental protection situation in rare earth hydrometallurgy production China is rich in rare earth resources and plays an important position in rare earth industry in the world.After more than 50 years’developme...Environmental protection situation in rare earth hydrometallurgy production China is rich in rare earth resources and plays an important position in rare earth industry in the world.After more than 50 years’development,a relatively complete rare earth industrial chain from rare earth mining,beneficiation to preparation and application of rare earth materials has been established in China.Especially,China has realized large scale production of rare earth magnetic material,catalytic material,fluorescent material and hydrogen storage material.China supplies more than 80%of rare earth functional materials to the world.展开更多
基金The project partially supported by the Project of Key Science and Technology of Education Ministry (00250), the Natural ScienceFoundation of Gansu Province (3ZS041-A25-028), and the Project of KJCXGC-01, NWNU, China
文摘The oxidative degradation of 4-chlorophenol （4-CP） in aqueous solution induced by plasma with submersed glow discharge has been investigated. The concentration of 4-CP and the reaction intermediates were determined by high performance liquid chromatography （HPLC）. Various influencing factors such as the initial pH, the concentration of 4-CP and the catalytic action of Fe^2＋ were examined. The results indicate that 4-CP is eventually degraded into inorganic ion, dioxide carbon and water. The attack of hydroxyl radicals on the benzene rings of 4-CP in the initial stage of oxidative reactions is presumed to be a key step. They also suggest that the reaction is of a pseudo-first order kinetic reaction and the proposed method is an efficient way for the 4-CP degradation,
文摘The present status and the history of chlor alkali industry using mercury as cathode in China has been studied. Quantitative mercury emission has been estimated. At present, 17.5%—20% of the consumed mercury is released into water, 49.1%—53.3% of the Hg is discharged to the brine system outside the plants. 10%—14% of the Hg is emitted directly to the atmosphere, 5 3%—6 7% enters waste materials. The chlor alkali industry in China discharged about 17 tons every year. The total amount of mercury released by the chlor alkali industry in China is estimated to be 1400—2700 tons since 50's. With the result of improved technology and more strict environmental regulations started in late 1970's, chlorine plants reduced their mercury loss factor from 0 5? ? 4 kg/t NaOH before 1977 to 0.16—0.18 kg/t NaOH in 1997. The number of mercury cells in alkali plants was also reduced. In 1998, China is planning to finish the history of producing chlorine and caustic soda using the mercury cell process in the near future. How to deal with the emitted mercury will remain a main problem.
基金Supported by the Strategic International Cooperative Program "Comparative Study of Nitrogen Cycling and Its Impact on Water Quality in Agricultural Watersheds in Japan and China" by the Japan Science and Technology Agency and the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.41071196)
文摘To analyze the effect of agricultural activity on nitrogen(N) budget at the watershed scale,a comparative study was conducted at two Japanese watersheds,the Shibetsu River watershed(SRW) and Upper-Naka River watershed(UNRW),and one Chinese watershed,the Jurong Reservoir watershed(JRW).The total area and the proportion of agricultural area(in parentheses) of the watersheds were 685(51%),1 299(21%),and 46 km 2(55%) for SRW,UNRW,and JRW,respectively.The main agricultural land use in SRW was forage grassland,while paddy fields occupied the highest proportion of cropland in UNRW(11% of total area) and JRW(31% of total area).The farmland surplus N was 61,48,and 205 kg N ha 1 year 1 for SRW,UNRW,and JRW,respectively.The total input and output for the whole watershed were 89 and 76,83 and 61,and 353 and 176 kg N ha 1 year 1 for SRW,UNRW,and JRW,respectively.The proportion of discharged N to net anthropogenic N input was 31%,37%,and 1.7% for SRW,UNRW,and JRW,respectively.The two watersheds in Japan showed similar proportions of discharged N to those of previous reports,while the watershed in China(JRW) showed a totally different characteristic compared to previous studies.The high N input in JRW did not increase the amount of discharged N at the outlet of the watershed due to high proportions of paddy fields and water bodies,which was an underestimated N sink at the landscape scale.
基金This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(51572123,51202118,51372114)the Research Fund of State Key Laboratory of Mechanics and Control of Mechanical Structures(Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics)(0514Y01)A Project Funded by the Priority Academic Program Development of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions(PAPD).We gratefully acknowledge the Arkema company for providing the PVDF powder.
文摘A flexible polymer nanocomposite has been developed via introducing Nd-doped BaTiO_(3)nanoparticles into the poly(vinylidene fluoride).This nanocomposite delivers a discharged energy density up to 12.5 J/cm^(3)under an electric field of 420 kV/mmwith only a small loading of 1 vol.%Nd-BaTiO_(3).High discharged energy density,mechanical flexibility,light weight,ease fabrication and low cost makes it attractive for advanced microelectronics and electrical power systems.Our results demonstrate that ceramics with giant dielectric permittivity as viable fillers for polymer nanocomposite dielectrics with higher energy density.
文摘Background Pulse oximetry screening（POS） has been proposed as an effective,noninvasive,inexpensive tool allowing earlier diagnosis of critical congenital heart disease（CCHD）.However,most neonates are discharged from the hospital without this evaluation in China.This study aimed at assessing the feasibility of POS for newborns in detecting CCHD in the department of obstetrics and neonatal intensive care unit（NICU）.Methods POS was performed in 355 neonates born in the department of obstetrics or admitted to the NICU between January 2015 and June 2015.These neonates were divided into normal group,mild congenital heart disease group（MCHD） and CCHD group,according to the result of echocardiography or computerized tomography（CT）.The gestational age,birth weight and arterial oxygen saturation（SpO_2） were compared among the three groups.The SpO_2 value and diagnosis time of the CCHD cases were classified and analyzed.Results The premature birth and low birth weight were the high risk factors of mild congenital heart disease.There was no difference（P 〉 0.05） in SpO_2 between the MCHD group and the normal group.Significant difference in the SpO_2 appeared between the CCHD group and the normal group（P 〈 0.05）.Combination of POS and clinical examination can reduce the missing diagnosis rate in screening for CCHD.Conclusions POS incurs very low cost and risk of harm and is not required for special training,therefore,an effective way to identify CCHD in neonates.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.51672092,11664009 and U1732117)the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(Grant No.2018M632847)+1 种基金H.Zhang appreciate generous support by the Natural Science Foundation of Hubei Province of China(Grant No.2016CFB370)Wuhan Morning Light Plan of Youth Science and Technology(No.2017050304010299).
文摘The development of advanced dielectric film materials with high energy storage performance is of critical significance for pulsed power capacitor applications.Nevertheless,the low discharged energy density(Ue)of current dielectric film material restricts their further application.In this work,core-shell structured SrTiO_(3)@SiO_(2) nanowires(ST@SiO_(2) NWs)fillers are fabricated based on interface engineering for high Ue.The optimized SiO2 insulating layer could effectively confine the mobility of space charge carriers in the interfacial zone between ST NWs and thick SiO2 insulating layer,thus reducing the interfacial polarization between the interface of nanofillers/polymer,which could be used to optimize the electric field strength and electric displacement of the corresponding nanocomposite.As a result,this nanocomposite film simultaneously exhibits enhanced maximum applied electric field(Emax)and(Dmax-Pr)values,thus releasing an ultrahigh discharged energy density of 14.7 J/cm^(3) at 390 MV/m,which is 99%higher than that of the conventional ST/P(VDF-CTFE)(without SiO2 coating)nanocomposite,and it is almost 2.5 times that of pure P(VDF-CTFE).This work demonstrates the superiority of the core-shell structured paraelectric nanowire in enhancing the energy storage performance of dielectric film capacitors,which is expected to guide the design of advanced energy-storage nanocomposites.
文摘The quantity of slag and ash discharged from coal-firedpower plants grows in step with development of electricpower industry,the disposal of which imposes a heavy burden on theoperating plants and to a certain extent exerts an effect of restrainingthe development of coal-fired power generating units.Presently
基金Under the auspices of Research&Development Special Fund for Public Welfare Industry of Ministry of Environmental Protection(No.201309062201309003)
文摘Sensitivity analysis of thermal equilibrium parameters in the reservoir module of MIKE 11 model was conducted for the Wuxikou Reservoir in Jiangxi Province of China in order to apply the module to the environmental impact assessment to accurately predict water temperature of reservoirs.Results showed that radiation parameter A and evaporation-first parameter were much more sensitive than other parameters.The values of the radiation parameter A ranged from 0.10 to 0.34.The values of evaporation-first parameter varied from 0 to 10.The sensitivity of solar absorption parameters was less than that of evaporation parameter,of which light attenuation values ranged from 0.5 to 0.7,and this parameter would not impact model results if it was more than 2.Constants in Beer's law ranged from 0.2 to 0.7.Radiation parameter B was not more sensitive than evaporation parameter and its reasonable range was higher than 0.48.The fitting curves showed consistent changing tendency for these parameters within the reasonable ranges.Additionally,all the thermal equilibrium parameters had much more important effects on surface water temperature than deep water temperature.Moreover,if no observed data could be obtained,the local empirical value would be used to input to the MIKE 11 model to simulate the changes in the discharged outflow-water temperature qualitatively.
文摘The research performed statistical analysis on 186 data concerning the amount of discharged industrial wastewater, the amount of oxygen demand of industrial wastewater, the amount of ammonia and nitrogen discharged from industries, the amount of urban discharged domestic sewage, the amount of daily life chemical oxygen demand, and the amount of domestic ammonia and nitrogen to explore source of pollutants from wastewater and guarantee urban water quality.Factor analysis was then performed with SPSS according to discharge quantity of pollutants. The results should that the major pollutants are from domestic sewage it is expected scientific suggestions be proposed on water quality in our country.
文摘Environmental protection situation in rare earth hydrometallurgy production China is rich in rare earth resources and plays an important position in rare earth industry in the world.After more than 50 years’development,a relatively complete rare earth industrial chain from rare earth mining,beneficiation to preparation and application of rare earth materials has been established in China.Especially,China has realized large scale production of rare earth magnetic material,catalytic material,fluorescent material and hydrogen storage material.China supplies more than 80%of rare earth functional materials to the world.
