The agglomeration behavior of particles significantly impacts on the defluidization occurring in a fluidized bed during the direct reduction process.The influence of CO/H_(2)ratio on surface diffusion of iron atoms wa...The agglomeration behavior of particles significantly impacts on the defluidization occurring in a fluidized bed during the direct reduction process.The influence of CO/H_(2)ratio on surface diffusion of iron atoms was proposed,and the solid bridge force between iron oxide particles was quantificationally analyzed.Moreover,the solid bridge force was successfully added into a CFD–DEM(computational fluid dynamics–discrete element method)model combined with heat transfer and mass transport to investigate the detailed information of agglomeration in a fluidized bed,including the spatial distribution of temperature,velocity and metallization of iron oxide particles.The region of defluidization is sensitive to the reduction temperature.At the same reduction temperature,the iron oxide powder will perform higher metallization and stable fluidization properties with molar fraction of H_(2)in the range of 0.6–0.8,when iron oxide is reduced by CO/H_(2)mixture.展开更多
With the aid of MATHEMATICA, the direct reduction method,vas extended and applied in 2 + 1-dimensional variable coefficient generalized Kadomtsev-Petviashvili equation( VCGRPE). As a result, several kinds of similarit...With the aid of MATHEMATICA, the direct reduction method,vas extended and applied in 2 + 1-dimensional variable coefficient generalized Kadomtsev-Petviashvili equation( VCGRPE). As a result, several kinds of similarity reductions for VCGKPE are obtained which contain Painleve I, Painleve II and Painleve ni reductions.展开更多
Based on the closed connections among the homogeneous balance （HB） method and Clarkson-KruSkal （CK） method, we study the similarity reductions of the generalized variable coefficients 2D KdV equation. In the meant...Based on the closed connections among the homogeneous balance （HB） method and Clarkson-KruSkal （CK） method, we study the similarity reductions of the generalized variable coefficients 2D KdV equation. In the meantime it is shown that this leads to a direct reduction in the form of ordinary differential equation under some integrability conditions between the variable coefficients. Two different cases have been discussed, the search for solutions of those ordinary differential equations yielded many exact travelling and solitonic wave solutions in the form of hyperbolic and trigonometric functions under some constraints between the variable coefficients.展开更多
In this study,the generalized modified variable-coefficient KdV equation with external-force term(gvcmKdV)describing atmospheric blocking located in the mid-high latitudes over ocean is studied for integrability prope...In this study,the generalized modified variable-coefficient KdV equation with external-force term(gvcmKdV)describing atmospheric blocking located in the mid-high latitudes over ocean is studied for integrability property by using consistent Riccati expansion solvability and the necessary integrability conditions between the function coefficients are obtained.Moreover,several new solutions have been constructed for the gvcmKdV.Additionally,the classical direct similarity reduction method is used to re-duce the gvcmKdV to a nonlinear ordinary differential equation.Building on the solutions given in the previous literature for the reduced equation,many novel solitary and periodic wave solutions have been obtained for the gvcmKdV.展开更多
The perturbed Kaup-Kupershmidt equation is investigated in terms of the approximate symmetry perturbationmethod and the approximate direct method.The similarity reduction solutions of different orders are obtainedfor ...The perturbed Kaup-Kupershmidt equation is investigated in terms of the approximate symmetry perturbationmethod and the approximate direct method.The similarity reduction solutions of different orders are obtainedfor both methods, series reduction solutions are consequently derived.Higher order similarity reduction equations arelinear variable coefficients ordinary differential equations.By comparison, it is find that the results generated from theapproximate direct method are more general than the results generated from the approximate symmetry perturbationmethod.展开更多
基金the National Natural Science Foundation Project of China(51374263 and 51974046).
文摘The agglomeration behavior of particles significantly impacts on the defluidization occurring in a fluidized bed during the direct reduction process.The influence of CO/H_(2)ratio on surface diffusion of iron atoms was proposed,and the solid bridge force between iron oxide particles was quantificationally analyzed.Moreover,the solid bridge force was successfully added into a CFD–DEM(computational fluid dynamics–discrete element method)model combined with heat transfer and mass transport to investigate the detailed information of agglomeration in a fluidized bed,including the spatial distribution of temperature,velocity and metallization of iron oxide particles.The region of defluidization is sensitive to the reduction temperature.At the same reduction temperature,the iron oxide powder will perform higher metallization and stable fluidization properties with molar fraction of H_(2)in the range of 0.6–0.8,when iron oxide is reduced by CO/H_(2)mixture.
文摘With the aid of MATHEMATICA, the direct reduction method,vas extended and applied in 2 + 1-dimensional variable coefficient generalized Kadomtsev-Petviashvili equation( VCGRPE). As a result, several kinds of similarity reductions for VCGKPE are obtained which contain Painleve I, Painleve II and Painleve ni reductions.
文摘Based on the closed connections among the homogeneous balance （HB） method and Clarkson-KruSkal （CK） method, we study the similarity reductions of the generalized variable coefficients 2D KdV equation. In the meantime it is shown that this leads to a direct reduction in the form of ordinary differential equation under some integrability conditions between the variable coefficients. Two different cases have been discussed, the search for solutions of those ordinary differential equations yielded many exact travelling and solitonic wave solutions in the form of hyperbolic and trigonometric functions under some constraints between the variable coefficients.
基金The author would like to thank the Deanship of Scientific Re-search,Majmaah University,Saudi Arabia,for funding this work under project No.R-2021-222.
文摘In this study,the generalized modified variable-coefficient KdV equation with external-force term(gvcmKdV)describing atmospheric blocking located in the mid-high latitudes over ocean is studied for integrability property by using consistent Riccati expansion solvability and the necessary integrability conditions between the function coefficients are obtained.Moreover,several new solutions have been constructed for the gvcmKdV.Additionally,the classical direct similarity reduction method is used to re-duce the gvcmKdV to a nonlinear ordinary differential equation.Building on the solutions given in the previous literature for the reduced equation,many novel solitary and periodic wave solutions have been obtained for the gvcmKdV.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant Nos.10735030,10475055,10675065,and 90503006National Basic Research Program of China (973 Program 2007CB814800)
文摘The perturbed Kaup-Kupershmidt equation is investigated in terms of the approximate symmetry perturbationmethod and the approximate direct method.The similarity reduction solutions of different orders are obtainedfor both methods, series reduction solutions are consequently derived.Higher order similarity reduction equations arelinear variable coefficients ordinary differential equations.By comparison, it is find that the results generated from theapproximate direct method are more general than the results generated from the approximate symmetry perturbationmethod.
