Aluminum alloys AA6061 reinforced with various amounts （0, 2.5% and 5%, mass fraction） of TiC particles were synthesized by the in situ reaction of inorganic salt K2TiF6 and ceramic particle SiC with molten aluminum...Aluminum alloys AA6061 reinforced with various amounts （0, 2.5% and 5%, mass fraction） of TiC particles were synthesized by the in situ reaction of inorganic salt K2TiF6 and ceramic particle SiC with molten aluminum. The casting was carried out at an elevated temperature and held for a longer duration to decompose SiC to release carbon atoms. X-ray diffraction patterns of the prepared AMCs clearly revealed the formation of TiC particles without the occurrence of any other intermetallic compounds. The microstructure of the prepared AA6061/TiC AMCs was studied using field emission scanning electron microscope （FESEM） and electron backscatter diffraction （EBSD）. The in situ formed TiC particles were characterized with homogeneous distribution, clear interface, good bonding and various shapes such as cubic, spherical and hexagonal. EBSD maps showed the grain refinement action of TiC particles on the produced composites. The formation of TiC particles boosted the microhardness and ultimate tensile strength （UTS） of the AMCs.展开更多
为探讨固化硫酸盐渍土在冻融循环作用下的强度劣化机理,采用室内正交试验,考虑冻融循环周期、固化剂掺量、含盐量等影响因素,借助三轴试验、X射线衍射(diffraction of X-rays, XRD)衍射试验及电镜扫描试验。对粉煤灰、氯化钙固化硫酸盐...为探讨固化硫酸盐渍土在冻融循环作用下的强度劣化机理,采用室内正交试验,考虑冻融循环周期、固化剂掺量、含盐量等影响因素,借助三轴试验、X射线衍射(diffraction of X-rays, XRD)衍射试验及电镜扫描试验。对粉煤灰、氯化钙固化硫酸盐渍土在不同冻融循环周期作用下的强度劣化指标及微观结构演化规律进行了研究。结果表明:冻融循环作用对固化硫酸盐渍土强度劣化影响较大,且对黏聚力影响相较内摩擦角更显著;衍射分析表明固化效果越好,固化剂反应物的低矮峰越多,同时电镜扫描分析也表明:土体结构越紧密,强度更优;在处理盐渍土地基时,从抑制盐胀及提高土体耐久性效果来看,单掺氯化钙优于单掺粉煤灰,且复掺优于单掺。不同含盐量的最佳配合比:含盐量为2%时,10%粉煤灰+4%氯化钙;含盐量为5%时,10%粉煤灰+6%氯化钙;含盐量为8%时,15%的粉煤灰+6%的氯化钙。固化后土体的强度指标劣化程度较低。从微观角度出发对冻融循环下硫酸盐渍土的强度劣化进行研究,旨在为长期冻融的硫酸盐渍土提出理论依据,以减少不必要的经济损失。展开更多
The microstructure, mechanical properties, and misorientation of automobile beam steels produced by EAF-CSP process were studied using optical microscopy （OM） and electron back-scattered diffraction （EBSD）. It is ...The microstructure, mechanical properties, and misorientation of automobile beam steels produced by EAF-CSP process were studied using optical microscopy （OM） and electron back-scattered diffraction （EBSD）. It is shown that the microstructure of strips is mainly polygonal ferrite, and the average grain size is about 5-8 μm. The electron back-scattered diffraction results show that grain boundaries in ferrite are basically high-angle grain boundaries without remarkable preferred orientation. Hot strips of automobile beam steels possess a good combination of strength and plasticity because of their fine microstructures and low quantity of impurities.展开更多
A conventional X-ray difFractometer has been used to determine the -y/y＇ lattice misfit and γ＇ volume fraction for a Ru-containing nickel-based single crystal superalloy at room temperature. The rocking curve was u...A conventional X-ray difFractometer has been used to determine the -y/y＇ lattice misfit and γ＇ volume fraction for a Ru-containing nickel-based single crystal superalloy at room temperature. The rocking curve was used to characterize the distribution of subgrains. The diffraction peaks obtained by w-20 scan were used to determine the γ/γ＇ lattice misfit and γ＇ volume fraction. A three peaks fitting model was proposed. The peak fitting results are in good agreement with the model. The X-ray diffraction results indicate that the nickel-based single crystal superalloy was not a perfect monocrystalline material, which is comprised of many subgrains; and each subgrain also consists of large numbers of mosaic structures. In addition, two anomalous reflection phenomena were found during the experiment and discussed with respect to their occurrence and impact on the measurement. The experimental results show that the γ/γ＇ lattice misfit and ~/r volume fraction will be various at the different regions of its dendritic microstructure. The average γ/γ＇ lattice misfit and γ＇ volume fraction of the experimental alloy are approximately-0.2% and 70%, respectively. Furthermore, the γ＇ volume fraction calculated by atom microprobe （AP） data is also basically consistent with the experimental results.展开更多
Bamboo charcoal was expected to be a renewable carbon source for carbide materials in carbothermal reduction because of its superior characteristics.SiC powders with characteristic shapes were fabricated by carbotherm...Bamboo charcoal was expected to be a renewable carbon source for carbide materials in carbothermal reduction because of its superior characteristics.SiC powders with characteristic shapes were fabricated by carbothermal reduction with industrial silica sol and bamboo charcoal particles as silicon and carbon sources respectively,and the effects of reacting temperature and time on shape evolutions and properties of the as-prepared SiC powders were investigated.The silica sol/bamboo charcoal system was firstly transformed into SiO_(2)/C system by the transition of silica sol and graphitization of bamboo charcoal,and the carbothermal reduction between SiO_(2) and C occurred at/above 1600℃.The characteristic shapes of SiC particles were transformed from string-beads-like to dumbbell-like and rod-like with the increase of reacting temperature.The prepared SiC powders are expected to become new raw material for silicon carbide ceramic composites.展开更多
BL02U2 of the Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility is a surface diffraction beamline with a photon flux of 5.5×10^(12) photons/s at 10 keV and a beam size of 160µm×80µm at the sample site.It is ...BL02U2 of the Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility is a surface diffraction beamline with a photon flux of 5.5×10^(12) photons/s at 10 keV and a beam size of 160µm×80µm at the sample site.It is dedicated to studying surfaces(solid-vacuum,solid-gas)and interfaces(solid-solid,solid-liquid,and liquid-liquid)in nanoscience,condensed matter,and soft matter systems using various surface scattering techniques over an energy range of 4.8-28 keV with transmission and reflection modes.Moreover,BL02U2 has a high energy resolution,high angular resolution,and low beam divergence,which can provide excellent properties for X-ray diffraction experiments,such as grazing incident X-ray diffraction,X-ray reflectivity,crystal truncation rods,and liquid X-ray scattering.Diversity of in situ environments can also be provided for the samples studied.This paper describes the setup of the new beamline and its applications in various fields.展开更多
Abstract： This study deals with the Fe65.5Cr4Mo4Ga4P12C5B5.5 ferromagnetic bulk amorphous alloy. XRD analysis showed an amorphous structure of the as-cast sample. The same method revealed that, after annealing at 973...Abstract： This study deals with the Fe65.5Cr4Mo4Ga4P12C5B5.5 ferromagnetic bulk amorphous alloy. XRD analysis showed an amorphous structure of the as-cast sample. The same method revealed that, after annealing at 973 K for v=10 min, the sample displayed a crystalline structure with crystalline phases formed. The crystallization process of the alloy was examined by DTA analysis. It was shown that crystallization took place in the temperature range between 810 K and 860 K with the exo-maximum peak temperature at 846 K with a heating rate of 20 K.min-1. The method also showed that, at temperatures ranging from 753 K to 810 K, the alloy exhibited the properties of supercooled liquids. A correlation between heat-induced structural changes and magnetic properties of the alloy was determined by thermomagnetic measurements. Maximum magnetization M=3.7 Am2.kg-1 of the alloy was reached after its annealing at 733 K for τ=10 min. Upon annealing, the alloy exhibited a relaxed amorphous structure. Annealing the alloy above the crystallization temperature led to a decrease in bulk magnetization. After annealing at 973 K for r=10 min, the bulk magnetization of the alloy was M＇=0.45 Am2.kg-1. Accordingly, after crystallization and formation of new compounds, the magnetization of the alloy was decreased by a factor of about 7.7. The strength of the magnetic field applied during the measurements was H=10 kA.m-1. The samples were tested for changes in the microstructure and hardness of both the amorphous phase and the resulting crystalline phase.展开更多
文摘Aluminum alloys AA6061 reinforced with various amounts （0, 2.5% and 5%, mass fraction） of TiC particles were synthesized by the in situ reaction of inorganic salt K2TiF6 and ceramic particle SiC with molten aluminum. The casting was carried out at an elevated temperature and held for a longer duration to decompose SiC to release carbon atoms. X-ray diffraction patterns of the prepared AMCs clearly revealed the formation of TiC particles without the occurrence of any other intermetallic compounds. The microstructure of the prepared AA6061/TiC AMCs was studied using field emission scanning electron microscope （FESEM） and electron backscatter diffraction （EBSD）. The in situ formed TiC particles were characterized with homogeneous distribution, clear interface, good bonding and various shapes such as cubic, spherical and hexagonal. EBSD maps showed the grain refinement action of TiC particles on the produced composites. The formation of TiC particles boosted the microhardness and ultimate tensile strength （UTS） of the AMCs.
文摘为探讨固化硫酸盐渍土在冻融循环作用下的强度劣化机理,采用室内正交试验,考虑冻融循环周期、固化剂掺量、含盐量等影响因素,借助三轴试验、X射线衍射(diffraction of X-rays, XRD)衍射试验及电镜扫描试验。对粉煤灰、氯化钙固化硫酸盐渍土在不同冻融循环周期作用下的强度劣化指标及微观结构演化规律进行了研究。结果表明:冻融循环作用对固化硫酸盐渍土强度劣化影响较大,且对黏聚力影响相较内摩擦角更显著;衍射分析表明固化效果越好,固化剂反应物的低矮峰越多,同时电镜扫描分析也表明:土体结构越紧密,强度更优;在处理盐渍土地基时,从抑制盐胀及提高土体耐久性效果来看,单掺氯化钙优于单掺粉煤灰,且复掺优于单掺。不同含盐量的最佳配合比:含盐量为2%时,10%粉煤灰+4%氯化钙;含盐量为5%时,10%粉煤灰+6%氯化钙;含盐量为8%时,15%的粉煤灰+6%的氯化钙。固化后土体的强度指标劣化程度较低。从微观角度出发对冻融循环下硫酸盐渍土的强度劣化进行研究,旨在为长期冻融的硫酸盐渍土提出理论依据,以减少不必要的经济损失。
基金This work was financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 50334010)
文摘The microstructure, mechanical properties, and misorientation of automobile beam steels produced by EAF-CSP process were studied using optical microscopy （OM） and electron back-scattered diffraction （EBSD）. It is shown that the microstructure of strips is mainly polygonal ferrite, and the average grain size is about 5-8 μm. The electron back-scattered diffraction results show that grain boundaries in ferrite are basically high-angle grain boundaries without remarkable preferred orientation. Hot strips of automobile beam steels possess a good combination of strength and plasticity because of their fine microstructures and low quantity of impurities.
基金supported by the National Basic Research Program (973 Program) of China under grant No. 2010CB631200the National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC) under grant No.50931004
文摘A conventional X-ray difFractometer has been used to determine the -y/y＇ lattice misfit and γ＇ volume fraction for a Ru-containing nickel-based single crystal superalloy at room temperature. The rocking curve was used to characterize the distribution of subgrains. The diffraction peaks obtained by w-20 scan were used to determine the γ/γ＇ lattice misfit and γ＇ volume fraction. A three peaks fitting model was proposed. The peak fitting results are in good agreement with the model. The X-ray diffraction results indicate that the nickel-based single crystal superalloy was not a perfect monocrystalline material, which is comprised of many subgrains; and each subgrain also consists of large numbers of mosaic structures. In addition, two anomalous reflection phenomena were found during the experiment and discussed with respect to their occurrence and impact on the measurement. The experimental results show that the γ/γ＇ lattice misfit and ~/r volume fraction will be various at the different regions of its dendritic microstructure. The average γ/γ＇ lattice misfit and γ＇ volume fraction of the experimental alloy are approximately-0.2% and 70%, respectively. Furthermore, the γ＇ volume fraction calculated by atom microprobe （AP） data is also basically consistent with the experimental results.
基金This work is supported by the High Science&Technique Brainstorm Project of Zhejiang Province of China(No.2012C01032-1)Zhejiang Key Innovation Team Projects(No.2009R50010)Innovation Fund for Technology Based Firms(No.12C26113303061).
文摘Bamboo charcoal was expected to be a renewable carbon source for carbide materials in carbothermal reduction because of its superior characteristics.SiC powders with characteristic shapes were fabricated by carbothermal reduction with industrial silica sol and bamboo charcoal particles as silicon and carbon sources respectively,and the effects of reacting temperature and time on shape evolutions and properties of the as-prepared SiC powders were investigated.The silica sol/bamboo charcoal system was firstly transformed into SiO_(2)/C system by the transition of silica sol and graphitization of bamboo charcoal,and the carbothermal reduction between SiO_(2) and C occurred at/above 1600℃.The characteristic shapes of SiC particles were transformed from string-beads-like to dumbbell-like and rod-like with the increase of reacting temperature.The prepared SiC powders are expected to become new raw material for silicon carbide ceramic composites.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.12275344,12304132)National Key Research and Development Program of China(No.2022YFA1603901).
文摘BL02U2 of the Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility is a surface diffraction beamline with a photon flux of 5.5×10^(12) photons/s at 10 keV and a beam size of 160µm×80µm at the sample site.It is dedicated to studying surfaces(solid-vacuum,solid-gas)and interfaces(solid-solid,solid-liquid,and liquid-liquid)in nanoscience,condensed matter,and soft matter systems using various surface scattering techniques over an energy range of 4.8-28 keV with transmission and reflection modes.Moreover,BL02U2 has a high energy resolution,high angular resolution,and low beam divergence,which can provide excellent properties for X-ray diffraction experiments,such as grazing incident X-ray diffraction,X-ray reflectivity,crystal truncation rods,and liquid X-ray scattering.Diversity of in situ environments can also be provided for the samples studied.This paper describes the setup of the new beamline and its applications in various fields.
文摘Abstract： This study deals with the Fe65.5Cr4Mo4Ga4P12C5B5.5 ferromagnetic bulk amorphous alloy. XRD analysis showed an amorphous structure of the as-cast sample. The same method revealed that, after annealing at 973 K for v=10 min, the sample displayed a crystalline structure with crystalline phases formed. The crystallization process of the alloy was examined by DTA analysis. It was shown that crystallization took place in the temperature range between 810 K and 860 K with the exo-maximum peak temperature at 846 K with a heating rate of 20 K.min-1. The method also showed that, at temperatures ranging from 753 K to 810 K, the alloy exhibited the properties of supercooled liquids. A correlation between heat-induced structural changes and magnetic properties of the alloy was determined by thermomagnetic measurements. Maximum magnetization M=3.7 Am2.kg-1 of the alloy was reached after its annealing at 733 K for τ=10 min. Upon annealing, the alloy exhibited a relaxed amorphous structure. Annealing the alloy above the crystallization temperature led to a decrease in bulk magnetization. After annealing at 973 K for r=10 min, the bulk magnetization of the alloy was M＇=0.45 Am2.kg-1. Accordingly, after crystallization and formation of new compounds, the magnetization of the alloy was decreased by a factor of about 7.7. The strength of the magnetic field applied during the measurements was H=10 kA.m-1. The samples were tested for changes in the microstructure and hardness of both the amorphous phase and the resulting crystalline phase.
