在对天津典型居民区域的不同下垫面雨水径流水质进行监测的基础上,以典型降雨为例,探讨了雨水径流污染物的特征和事件平均浓度(event mean concentrations,EMC)。结果表明,天津典型居民区主干道和菜市场雨水径流中的污染物质量浓度随着...在对天津典型居民区域的不同下垫面雨水径流水质进行监测的基础上,以典型降雨为例,探讨了雨水径流污染物的特征和事件平均浓度(event mean concentrations,EMC)。结果表明,天津典型居民区主干道和菜市场雨水径流中的污染物质量浓度随着降雨历时的延续呈降低趋势,冲刷效应明显;屋顶雨水径流中污染物的质量浓度随降雨历时的延续变化较小,冲刷效应较弱。3种下垫面雨水径流中污染物质量浓度大小差异明显,菜市场和主干道雨水径流中SS质量浓度相差不大,且都远远超过屋顶雨水径流;雨水径流中COD和TP质量浓度的顺序由大到小依次为菜市场、主干道、屋顶;雨水径流中TN质量浓度的顺序由大到小依次为菜市场、屋顶、主干道。以EMC中值计,菜市场雨水径流中污染物平均浓度要高于主干道和屋顶,菜市场雨水径流中TP的质量浓度是主干道的3倍、屋顶的24倍。天津典型居民区雨水径流污染比较严重,如不经截留或处理直接排入城市河道等接纳水体,会严重影响河道的水质和城市的环境。展开更多
Aerodynamic parameters including the zero-plane displacement （d）, roughness length （z0）, and friction velocity （u＊） on the different underlying surfaces of heavy-gazing site, medium-grazing site, light-grazing ...Aerodynamic parameters including the zero-plane displacement （d）, roughness length （z0）, and friction velocity （u＊） on the different underlying surfaces of heavy-gazing site, medium-grazing site, light-grazing site, no-grazing site, dune, inter-dune, grassland, rice paddy site, wheat site, soybean site, and maize site have been computed based on the Monin-Obukhov similarity theory by utilizing the micrometeorologically observed data of dune and vegetation in the semi-arid area at Naiman, Inner Mongolia of China, conducted jointly by the Institute of Desert Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences and the National Institute of Agro- Environmental Sciences of Japan in 1990-1994. And their relationships between wind speed and Richardson number are analyzed. The aerodynamic characteristics of different man-made disturbed grassland ecosystems are also compared. Result shows that the vegetation coverage and the above-ground biomass decrease with the increase in man-made stress of the grassland. The roughness length for different underlying surfaces is closely related to vegetation height, above-ground biomass, and ground surface undulation, and Richardson number Ri is also its influencing factor. The friction velocity varies largely on different underlying surfaces, and it is positively proportional to wind speed and roughness length. The aerodynamic parameters of various times on the same underlying surface are different, too. Above results indicate that grassland and vegetation are of significance in preventing desertification, especially in the arid and semi-arid land ecosystems. And the results of this paper are also important for constructing the land surface physical process as well as regional climate model.展开更多
文摘在对天津典型居民区域的不同下垫面雨水径流水质进行监测的基础上,以典型降雨为例,探讨了雨水径流污染物的特征和事件平均浓度(event mean concentrations,EMC)。结果表明,天津典型居民区主干道和菜市场雨水径流中的污染物质量浓度随着降雨历时的延续呈降低趋势,冲刷效应明显;屋顶雨水径流中污染物的质量浓度随降雨历时的延续变化较小,冲刷效应较弱。3种下垫面雨水径流中污染物质量浓度大小差异明显,菜市场和主干道雨水径流中SS质量浓度相差不大,且都远远超过屋顶雨水径流;雨水径流中COD和TP质量浓度的顺序由大到小依次为菜市场、主干道、屋顶;雨水径流中TN质量浓度的顺序由大到小依次为菜市场、屋顶、主干道。以EMC中值计,菜市场雨水径流中污染物平均浓度要高于主干道和屋顶,菜市场雨水径流中TP的质量浓度是主干道的3倍、屋顶的24倍。天津典型居民区雨水径流污染比较严重,如不经截留或处理直接排入城市河道等接纳水体,会严重影响河道的水质和城市的环境。
基金Supported by the Climate Change Special Program of China Meteorological Administration under Nos. CCSF-2005-2-QH29, CCSF2006-38, and CCSF2007-39the Research Fund for the Doctoral Program of Higher Education under No. 20050001030the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant No. 40275004,and the Principal Grant for Undergraduate of Peking University in 2004.
文摘Aerodynamic parameters including the zero-plane displacement （d）, roughness length （z0）, and friction velocity （u＊） on the different underlying surfaces of heavy-gazing site, medium-grazing site, light-grazing site, no-grazing site, dune, inter-dune, grassland, rice paddy site, wheat site, soybean site, and maize site have been computed based on the Monin-Obukhov similarity theory by utilizing the micrometeorologically observed data of dune and vegetation in the semi-arid area at Naiman, Inner Mongolia of China, conducted jointly by the Institute of Desert Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences and the National Institute of Agro- Environmental Sciences of Japan in 1990-1994. And their relationships between wind speed and Richardson number are analyzed. The aerodynamic characteristics of different man-made disturbed grassland ecosystems are also compared. Result shows that the vegetation coverage and the above-ground biomass decrease with the increase in man-made stress of the grassland. The roughness length for different underlying surfaces is closely related to vegetation height, above-ground biomass, and ground surface undulation, and Richardson number Ri is also its influencing factor. The friction velocity varies largely on different underlying surfaces, and it is positively proportional to wind speed and roughness length. The aerodynamic parameters of various times on the same underlying surface are different, too. Above results indicate that grassland and vegetation are of significance in preventing desertification, especially in the arid and semi-arid land ecosystems. And the results of this paper are also important for constructing the land surface physical process as well as regional climate model.
