The spray characteristics of different regions downstream of swirl cups play a critical role in cold start and re-ignition of gas turbines.The spray measurements were performed at the fuel pressures of 0.5,0.8,1.0,1.5...The spray characteristics of different regions downstream of swirl cups play a critical role in cold start and re-ignition of gas turbines.The spray measurements were performed at the fuel pressures of 0.5,0.8,1.0,1.5,and 2.0 MPa and the fuel temperatures of-23,-13,-3,7,17 and 27℃,respectively.The droplet size,droplet velocity,droplet number,and instantaneous spatial spray image of sprays from an aviation kerosene Jet-A were measured using a two-component phase Doppler particle analyzer and a digital off-axis holography system.As the fuel pressure and temperature increase,the Sauter Mean Diameter(SMD)and spray non-uniformity of the Spray Shear Layer(SSL)gradually decrease.As the fuel pressure increases,the SMD and spray non-uniformity of the Central Toroidal Recirculation Zone(CTRZ)gradually decrease,and the slopes of these curves both decrease.As the fuel pressure increases,the SMD and spray nonuniformity of the CTRZ rapidly decrease at the fuel temperature of23℃,while slightly decrease at the fuel temperature of 27℃.The droplets in the CTRZ come from 3 different sources:simplex nozzle,venturi,and outside the CTRZ.As the fuel pressure increases,the proportion of droplets recirculated from outside the CTRZ decreases.This study proposed the concept of the“pressure critical point”for the swirl cups.As the fuel temperature decreases,the proportion of droplets recirculated from outside the CTRZ increases below the critical pressure,while decreases above the critical pressure.In addition,through the models of liquid film formation and breakup on the curved cylindrical wall,a semi-theoretical model was established to predict the SMD of SSL for swirl cups.The prediction uncertainty of this model is less than 6%for all 14 conditions in this paper.展开更多
Pyrolysis of methyl ricinoleate(MR)can produce undecylenic acid methyl ester and heptanal which are important chemicals.Atomization feeding favors the heat exchange in the pyrolysis process and hence increases the pro...Pyrolysis of methyl ricinoleate(MR)can produce undecylenic acid methyl ester and heptanal which are important chemicals.Atomization feeding favors the heat exchange in the pyrolysis process and hence increases the product yield.Herein,predictive models to characterize the atomization process were developed.The effect of spray distance on Sauter mean diameter(SMD)of atomized MR droplets was examined,with the optimal spray distance to be 40-50 mm.Temperature mainly affected the physical properties of feedstock,with smaller droplet size obtained at increasing temperature.In addition,pressure had significant influence on SMD and higher pressure resulted in smaller atomized droplets.Then,a model for SMD prediction,combining temperature,pressure,spray distance,and structural parameters of nozzle,was developed through dimensionless analysis.The results showed that SMD was a power function of Reynolds number(Re),Ohnesorge number(Oh),and the ratio of spray distance to diameter of swirl chamber in the nozzle(H/dsc),with the exponents of-1.6618,-1.3205 and 0.1038,respectively.The experimental measured SMD was in good agreement with the calculated values,with the error within±15%.Moreover,the droplet size distribution was studied by establishing the relationship between the standard deviation of droplet size and SMD.This study could provide reference to the regulation and optimization of the atomization process in MR pyrolysis.展开更多
利用激光粒度仪分析了空气辅助喷射喷雾索特平均直径(Sauter mean diameter,SMD)的变化规律,并且分别在定容弹及光学发动机上开展了喷雾特性(喷雾锥角和贯穿距离)的试验研究,引入喷雾半锥角(α角和β角)的概念用以分析在有进气气流时空...利用激光粒度仪分析了空气辅助喷射喷雾索特平均直径(Sauter mean diameter,SMD)的变化规律,并且分别在定容弹及光学发动机上开展了喷雾特性(喷雾锥角和贯穿距离)的试验研究,引入喷雾半锥角(α角和β角)的概念用以分析在有进气气流时空气喷射量对喷雾特性的影响.结果表明,增加空气喷射量可以改善燃油的雾化效果,特别是当喷雾燃空比γ小于0.8时,喷雾的SMD会有明显降低;在定容弹内空气喷射量的增大会使喷雾锥角减小,但对贯穿距离的影响不大;在光学发动机内由于进气气流的影响,空气喷射量的增加会使喷雾锥角增大,贯穿距离变小,同时喷雾锥角随时间的变化趋势也明显不同于定容弹内的试验结果.展开更多
该文主要为研究液体性质以及喷嘴结构对气泡喷嘴雾化特性的影响。实验用浆体包括水和6种高黏度流体。采用相位多普勒粒子分析仪对多种流体进行雾化实验研究。对喷嘴几何结构和操作参数对雾化的影响进行了讨论。雾化液滴沿径向的索特平...该文主要为研究液体性质以及喷嘴结构对气泡喷嘴雾化特性的影响。实验用浆体包括水和6种高黏度流体。采用相位多普勒粒子分析仪对多种流体进行雾化实验研究。对喷嘴几何结构和操作参数对雾化的影响进行了讨论。雾化液滴沿径向的索特平均直径(Sauter mean diameter,SMD)最大值在120μm以内。提高气液比能有效降低雾化液滴SMD。喷嘴出口直径和注气孔直径对水的雾化液滴SMD的影响显著,而改变注气角度和混合室长度对水的雾化液滴SMD影响不大。混合室长度增加后,非牛顿流体的雾化质量有一定下降。黄原胶添加量的提高对雾化液滴SMD有很大影响。在雾化介质为水的情况下,液滴SMD变化范围为60～95μm;雾化高黏度流体时SMD范围为60～120μm。展开更多
针对斯特林发动机小负荷燃油雾化不良问题,提出了基于鼓泡-引射耦合的雾化方式.基于VOF(Volume of Fluid)仿真研究了鼓泡喷嘴内气液流态,并依据时间线性稳定性分析,对射流液膜失稳和破碎进行数学描述,建立了鼓泡-引射耦合下的初次雾化模...针对斯特林发动机小负荷燃油雾化不良问题,提出了基于鼓泡-引射耦合的雾化方式.基于VOF(Volume of Fluid)仿真研究了鼓泡喷嘴内气液流态,并依据时间线性稳定性分析,对射流液膜失稳和破碎进行数学描述,建立了鼓泡-引射耦合下的初次雾化模型.分析了气液质量比RGL(gas-liquid mass ratio)、负荷对初次雾化的影响,并与传统雾化方式比较.结果表明:增大RGL会促进射流失稳、减小液滴粒径.相较于传统雾化方式,鼓泡-引射耦合下小负荷索特平均直径SMD减小约62%,雾化质量显著提高.展开更多
基金supported by the Provincial or Ministerial Level Project.
文摘The spray characteristics of different regions downstream of swirl cups play a critical role in cold start and re-ignition of gas turbines.The spray measurements were performed at the fuel pressures of 0.5,0.8,1.0,1.5,and 2.0 MPa and the fuel temperatures of-23,-13,-3,7,17 and 27℃,respectively.The droplet size,droplet velocity,droplet number,and instantaneous spatial spray image of sprays from an aviation kerosene Jet-A were measured using a two-component phase Doppler particle analyzer and a digital off-axis holography system.As the fuel pressure and temperature increase,the Sauter Mean Diameter(SMD)and spray non-uniformity of the Spray Shear Layer(SSL)gradually decrease.As the fuel pressure increases,the SMD and spray non-uniformity of the Central Toroidal Recirculation Zone(CTRZ)gradually decrease,and the slopes of these curves both decrease.As the fuel pressure increases,the SMD and spray nonuniformity of the CTRZ rapidly decrease at the fuel temperature of23℃,while slightly decrease at the fuel temperature of 27℃.The droplets in the CTRZ come from 3 different sources:simplex nozzle,venturi,and outside the CTRZ.As the fuel pressure increases,the proportion of droplets recirculated from outside the CTRZ decreases.This study proposed the concept of the“pressure critical point”for the swirl cups.As the fuel temperature decreases,the proportion of droplets recirculated from outside the CTRZ increases below the critical pressure,while decreases above the critical pressure.In addition,through the models of liquid film formation and breakup on the curved cylindrical wall,a semi-theoretical model was established to predict the SMD of SSL for swirl cups.The prediction uncertainty of this model is less than 6%for all 14 conditions in this paper.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(grant number 21776261)the Zhejiang Province Public Welfare Technology Application Research Project(grant number 2017C31016)the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(grant number 2017M612029)。
文摘Pyrolysis of methyl ricinoleate(MR)can produce undecylenic acid methyl ester and heptanal which are important chemicals.Atomization feeding favors the heat exchange in the pyrolysis process and hence increases the product yield.Herein,predictive models to characterize the atomization process were developed.The effect of spray distance on Sauter mean diameter(SMD)of atomized MR droplets was examined,with the optimal spray distance to be 40-50 mm.Temperature mainly affected the physical properties of feedstock,with smaller droplet size obtained at increasing temperature.In addition,pressure had significant influence on SMD and higher pressure resulted in smaller atomized droplets.Then,a model for SMD prediction,combining temperature,pressure,spray distance,and structural parameters of nozzle,was developed through dimensionless analysis.The results showed that SMD was a power function of Reynolds number(Re),Ohnesorge number(Oh),and the ratio of spray distance to diameter of swirl chamber in the nozzle(H/dsc),with the exponents of-1.6618,-1.3205 and 0.1038,respectively.The experimental measured SMD was in good agreement with the calculated values,with the error within±15%.Moreover,the droplet size distribution was studied by establishing the relationship between the standard deviation of droplet size and SMD.This study could provide reference to the regulation and optimization of the atomization process in MR pyrolysis.
文摘利用激光粒度仪分析了空气辅助喷射喷雾索特平均直径(Sauter mean diameter,SMD)的变化规律,并且分别在定容弹及光学发动机上开展了喷雾特性(喷雾锥角和贯穿距离)的试验研究,引入喷雾半锥角(α角和β角)的概念用以分析在有进气气流时空气喷射量对喷雾特性的影响.结果表明,增加空气喷射量可以改善燃油的雾化效果,特别是当喷雾燃空比γ小于0.8时,喷雾的SMD会有明显降低;在定容弹内空气喷射量的增大会使喷雾锥角减小,但对贯穿距离的影响不大;在光学发动机内由于进气气流的影响,空气喷射量的增加会使喷雾锥角增大,贯穿距离变小,同时喷雾锥角随时间的变化趋势也明显不同于定容弹内的试验结果.
文摘该文主要为研究液体性质以及喷嘴结构对气泡喷嘴雾化特性的影响。实验用浆体包括水和6种高黏度流体。采用相位多普勒粒子分析仪对多种流体进行雾化实验研究。对喷嘴几何结构和操作参数对雾化的影响进行了讨论。雾化液滴沿径向的索特平均直径(Sauter mean diameter,SMD)最大值在120μm以内。提高气液比能有效降低雾化液滴SMD。喷嘴出口直径和注气孔直径对水的雾化液滴SMD的影响显著,而改变注气角度和混合室长度对水的雾化液滴SMD影响不大。混合室长度增加后,非牛顿流体的雾化质量有一定下降。黄原胶添加量的提高对雾化液滴SMD有很大影响。在雾化介质为水的情况下,液滴SMD变化范围为60～95μm;雾化高黏度流体时SMD范围为60～120μm。
文摘针对斯特林发动机小负荷燃油雾化不良问题,提出了基于鼓泡-引射耦合的雾化方式.基于VOF(Volume of Fluid)仿真研究了鼓泡喷嘴内气液流态,并依据时间线性稳定性分析,对射流液膜失稳和破碎进行数学描述,建立了鼓泡-引射耦合下的初次雾化模型.分析了气液质量比RGL(gas-liquid mass ratio)、负荷对初次雾化的影响,并与传统雾化方式比较.结果表明:增大RGL会促进射流失稳、减小液滴粒径.相较于传统雾化方式,鼓泡-引射耦合下小负荷索特平均直径SMD减小约62%,雾化质量显著提高.
