Around the year 140 BC the Evo, the famous imperial Han Dynasty took power in China and then sent some representatives to the western land in order to communicate with the West in addition to know the political, milit...Around the year 140 BC the Evo, the famous imperial Han Dynasty took power in China and then sent some representatives to the western land in order to communicate with the West in addition to know the political, military, geographical, economic and cultural situations of that region, it provides the basis for opening the way to the West. In this regard, they traveled to Iran and accordingly the formal relations were established between the Iranian and the Western governments and finally the Silk Road with a distance of about 8000 km has been emerged and started from the East and ended to Mediterranean Sea in the West. The aim of this study is to show that the Silk Road links throughout the world and its people together in thousands of years and the countries, cities and villages located in this road have been affected by developments or had affected and vivifying of it will lead to develop of the deprived urban and rural areas according to the abundant tourist attractions. This study which has used the historical and analytical method with practical purpose shows that cultural, scientific, religious and commercial exchanges between East and West were wide and many cities and villages were profiting of this gift. In this regard, vivifying of this road will lead to grow the underserved urban and rural areas according to many tourist attractions of the cities and villages.展开更多
The social and cultural norms shape gender roles which sometimes deprive women of the opportunity to prepare for natural calamities. But the disastrous effect of natural disasters spares no one. It knows no gender. Mo...The social and cultural norms shape gender roles which sometimes deprive women of the opportunity to prepare for natural calamities. But the disastrous effect of natural disasters spares no one. It knows no gender. Most of the time, women more than men bear the worse of consequences. The study measures and describes the impact of disaster preparedness sessions on the perception of economically challenged women in Philippines. By using a mixed qualitative and quantitative research method the study found that: 1) the majority of women participants are willing to undergo training in disaster preparedness;2) their awareness in disaster preparedness improved from “basic” to “high” level;3) their level of action in disaster preparedness is still on the “planning stage” and;4) the program effectively changed their attitude towards disaster preparedness and mitigation. The study provided insights on the potential of women in disaster preparedness toward a disaster resilient Filipino community.展开更多
AIM:To study the efficacy difference between formdeprived myopia(FDM)and lens-induced myopia(LIM),the degree of myopia,axial length and pathological changes of the posterior sclera from guinea pigs were evaluated.METH...AIM:To study the efficacy difference between formdeprived myopia(FDM)and lens-induced myopia(LIM),the degree of myopia,axial length and pathological changes of the posterior sclera from guinea pigs were evaluated.METHODS:Four-week pigmented guinea pigs were randomly assigned into 3 groups,including normal control(n=6),FDM group with monocular cover(n=11)and LIM group with monocular-7D lens treatment(n=11).FDM group was form-deprived while LIM group was lens-induced for 14d.Refractive error and axial length were measured prior to and post treatment,respectively.Morphological changes of sclera were examined using both light and electronic microscopes.RESULTS:After 14d treatment,refractive errors for FDM group and LIM group were-3.05±0.71D and-2.12±1.29D,respectively,which were significantly more myopic than that of normal controls and fellow control eyes(P【0.01).As for axial length,it was 7.93±0.03 mm for FDM group and 7.89±0.06 mm for LIM group,which were significantly longer than both normal and fellow controls(P【0.01).With respect to both refractory error and axial length,the differences between FDM group and LIM group were not significant(P】0.05).Under light microscope,both FDM group and LIM group showed thinned sclera,disarrangement of fibrosis and enlargeddisassociation between fibers.Consistently,ultrastructural examination showed degenerated fibroblasts and thinned fibers in posterior sclera.CONCLUSION:Following two weeks of myopia induction in guinea pigs,with regard to the degree of myopia,axial length and pathological alterations,there was no significant difference between FDM and LIM models.Therefore,FDM and LIM are equally effective and useful as a model of experimental myopia and guinea pigs are ideal animals for induction of experimental myopia because their high sensitivity to both formdeprivation and lens-induction.展开更多
文摘Around the year 140 BC the Evo, the famous imperial Han Dynasty took power in China and then sent some representatives to the western land in order to communicate with the West in addition to know the political, military, geographical, economic and cultural situations of that region, it provides the basis for opening the way to the West. In this regard, they traveled to Iran and accordingly the formal relations were established between the Iranian and the Western governments and finally the Silk Road with a distance of about 8000 km has been emerged and started from the East and ended to Mediterranean Sea in the West. The aim of this study is to show that the Silk Road links throughout the world and its people together in thousands of years and the countries, cities and villages located in this road have been affected by developments or had affected and vivifying of it will lead to develop of the deprived urban and rural areas according to the abundant tourist attractions. This study which has used the historical and analytical method with practical purpose shows that cultural, scientific, religious and commercial exchanges between East and West were wide and many cities and villages were profiting of this gift. In this regard, vivifying of this road will lead to grow the underserved urban and rural areas according to many tourist attractions of the cities and villages.
文摘The social and cultural norms shape gender roles which sometimes deprive women of the opportunity to prepare for natural calamities. But the disastrous effect of natural disasters spares no one. It knows no gender. Most of the time, women more than men bear the worse of consequences. The study measures and describes the impact of disaster preparedness sessions on the perception of economically challenged women in Philippines. By using a mixed qualitative and quantitative research method the study found that: 1) the majority of women participants are willing to undergo training in disaster preparedness;2) their awareness in disaster preparedness improved from “basic” to “high” level;3) their level of action in disaster preparedness is still on the “planning stage” and;4) the program effectively changed their attitude towards disaster preparedness and mitigation. The study provided insights on the potential of women in disaster preparedness toward a disaster resilient Filipino community.
文摘AIM:To study the efficacy difference between formdeprived myopia(FDM)and lens-induced myopia(LIM),the degree of myopia,axial length and pathological changes of the posterior sclera from guinea pigs were evaluated.METHODS:Four-week pigmented guinea pigs were randomly assigned into 3 groups,including normal control(n=6),FDM group with monocular cover(n=11)and LIM group with monocular-7D lens treatment(n=11).FDM group was form-deprived while LIM group was lens-induced for 14d.Refractive error and axial length were measured prior to and post treatment,respectively.Morphological changes of sclera were examined using both light and electronic microscopes.RESULTS:After 14d treatment,refractive errors for FDM group and LIM group were-3.05±0.71D and-2.12±1.29D,respectively,which were significantly more myopic than that of normal controls and fellow control eyes(P【0.01).As for axial length,it was 7.93±0.03 mm for FDM group and 7.89±0.06 mm for LIM group,which were significantly longer than both normal and fellow controls(P【0.01).With respect to both refractory error and axial length,the differences between FDM group and LIM group were not significant(P】0.05).Under light microscope,both FDM group and LIM group showed thinned sclera,disarrangement of fibrosis and enlargeddisassociation between fibers.Consistently,ultrastructural examination showed degenerated fibroblasts and thinned fibers in posterior sclera.CONCLUSION:Following two weeks of myopia induction in guinea pigs,with regard to the degree of myopia,axial length and pathological alterations,there was no significant difference between FDM and LIM models.Therefore,FDM and LIM are equally effective and useful as a model of experimental myopia and guinea pigs are ideal animals for induction of experimental myopia because their high sensitivity to both formdeprivation and lens-induction.
