Intramuscular injections can cause damage to arteries, veins and nerves. Achieving maximum effects of medications through precise intramuscular (IM) injections must be assured and with certainty, particularly with lon...Intramuscular injections can cause damage to arteries, veins and nerves. Achieving maximum effects of medications through precise intramuscular (IM) injections must be assured and with certainty, particularly with long-acting injection drugs (LAI). The purpose of this study is to determine precision in IM LAIs of patients with schizophrenia. These evidences estimate “Distance from the Epidermis to the Under-Fascia” (DEUF) and “Distance from Epidermis to the Upper-Arm Bone” (DEB) of the deltoid muscle. Explanatory variables include body height, weight, body-mass index (BMI), deltoid-muscle circumference, fat percentage and muscle mass measured by body composition monitor. Sixty nine subjects are included based on the Diagnostic Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV, 1994), and receive treatments of typical and atypical antipsychotic LAI. There are 46 males and 23 females with average age of 51.41 (Standard Deviation = 13.58) and ranging from 21 to 81 years who are all right-handed. Ultrasonographic data and those from explanatory variables are calculated using Spearman’s rank correlation coefficients. Multiple regression analysis (step-wise method/forced input method) is performed assuming DEUF or DEB as dependent variables. Significant correlations are found with highest adjusted R-square. Paired t-tests show differences in average values of actual ultrasonographic measurements assigned to DEUF or DEB, and the regression equations for accuracy. Ultrasonographic values are assigned multiple-regression equations as true values, and the calculated values are compared with those obtained by regression equations. There are no significant differences observed for either the right or left arm. The multiple regression equations for BMI and fat percentages (upper extremity estimation) of DEUF, and for BMI and injection site circumference of estimated DEB, successfully value the DEUF and DEB. By using these multiple regression equations for IM injection to the deltoid-muscle, DEUF can better ensure accur展开更多
Hail impact is a major challenge encountered by aircraft in flight,and thus is a key concern in the design of damage-tolerant composite T-joints in aviation.The study uses the Z-pinning technique(the pre-hole insertio...Hail impact is a major challenge encountered by aircraft in flight,and thus is a key concern in the design of damage-tolerant composite T-joints in aviation.The study uses the Z-pinning technique(the pre-hole insertion technology)in combination with fillets of two radiuses to manufacture four types of Carbon Fiber Reinforced Polymers(CFRP)T-joints.The T-joints are then subjected to hail impact tests at two energy levels,as well as post-impact quasi-static tensile tests.The results show that increasing the size of the deltoid and Z-pin-induced reinforcement has a limited influence on the responses of the T-joints to hail impact,but a significant influence on their residual tensile strength after impact.These influences are not only dependent on the structural characteristics of the T-joints,but are also closely related to the degree of discrete damage within the T-joints caused by hail impact.Acoustic Emission(AE)technology is used to monitor the quantitative evolution of damage to the T-joints in a timely manner during the loading process,and helps characterize the characteristics of evolution of various types of damage over different periods.The research here can help design lightweight and damage-tolerant T-joints.展开更多
Background The deltoid contracture is an uncommon disorder. Long-standing contracture produces winged scapula, abduction and extension contracture of the shoulder. Surgical release has been considered the treatment of...Background The deltoid contracture is an uncommon disorder. Long-standing contracture produces winged scapula, abduction and extension contracture of the shoulder. Surgical release has been considered the treatment of choice. However, the method of approach has not been well defined. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the results of arthroscopic release of the deltoid contracture. Methods A retrospective study was undertaken to evaluate the results of arthroscopic release in six patients （seven shoulders） who had a contracture of the deltoid muscle. All patients had arthroscopJc release. The abduction-contracture and horizontal-adduction angle was measured after operation. The average duration of follow-up was 16 months （range, from 4 to 41 months）. Results The preoperative abduction contracture resolved completely in three shoulders. Two had a residual abduction contracture of 5° to 7° and two had a poor result with 15° abduction-contracture angle. The average postoperative abduction-contracture angle was 6° （range, 0° to 15°）. The preoperative horizontal-adduction contracture was corrected, permitting at least 130° of adduction, in five shoulders. The remaining two shoulders had a postoperative horizontal-adduction angle of 120° and 110°. Overall, the average postoperative horizontal-adduction angle was 130° （range, 110° to 140°）. Conclusion Arthroscopic release is an effective surgical technique to treat the deltoid contracture.展开更多
目的探讨儿童三角肌挛缩症3.0 T MRI影像表现。材料与方法搜索经手术病理证实的三角肌挛缩症患儿18例,术前均行X线及3.0 T MRI检查(MR T1WI、T2WI,抑脂T2WI、轴位快速梯度回波(GRE)T2WI序列),其中9例同时行CT检查。结果 T1WI及T2WI显示1...目的探讨儿童三角肌挛缩症3.0 T MRI影像表现。材料与方法搜索经手术病理证实的三角肌挛缩症患儿18例,术前均行X线及3.0 T MRI检查(MR T1WI、T2WI,抑脂T2WI、轴位快速梯度回波(GRE)T2WI序列),其中9例同时行CT检查。结果 T1WI及T2WI显示18例受累三角肌不同程度变薄、萎缩,内侧肌间隙增宽。GRE-T2WI显示16例患侧从肱骨头外上方沿三角肌走行至外下的挛缩纤维索条影,呈条带状低信号,邻近皮下脂肪局灶性增厚、向内填充。病理结果显示GRE-T2WI中挛缩纤维索条影为致密纤维结缔组织,透明变性,横纹肌萎缩或消失,肌组织间由脂肪组织填充,所见与病理结果符合率为88.9%。结论3.0 T MRI尤其GRE-T2WI序列能够直接准确显示挛缩三角肌及增生的纤维索条结构,有利于确定诊断。展开更多
The writing style for the nomenclature ofthe points in this national standard consultedA Standard International Acupuncture Nomen-clature approved by the WHO Scientific Groupto Adopt a Standard International Acupuncur...The writing style for the nomenclature ofthe points in this national standard consultedA Standard International Acupuncture Nomen-clature approved by the WHO Scientific Groupto Adopt a Standard International AcupuncureNomenclature. The Main Contents and the Range of Use This national standard specifies the me-thods for location of points and the standardlocation of 361 regular points and 48展开更多
Ankle injuries are commonplace in the athletic population, with lateral ligamentsprains accounting for the majority of them. The medial ligament complex, thedistal tibiofibular syndesmosis as well as any of the bones ...Ankle injuries are commonplace in the athletic population, with lateral ligamentsprains accounting for the majority of them. The medial ligament complex, thedistal tibiofibular syndesmosis as well as any of the bones that constitute the anklejoint can also be injured. Typical mechanisms of injury include inversion-plantarflexionand external rotation on a supinated, dorsiflexed or pronated foot. Lesionsof the ankle present with similar symptoms of pain, swelling and tenderness.Therefore, a thorough history and physical examination must be obtained to makethe correct diagnosis. This is especially critical for athletes as certain injuries canlead to termination of their career if not treated accurately on time. Imaging maybe useful in some cases to confirm or rule out differential diagnoses. Most injuriescan be managed conservatively using the Protection, Rest, Ice, Compression andElevation protocol followed by a comprehensive rehabilitation programme.Surgery is reserved for grade III ligament tears that are refractory to initial nonoperativetreatment and displaced fractures that are unlikely to unite withoutsurgical intervention. The objective of this review is to discuss the common ankleinjuries encountered in the athletic population and the approaches to theirdiagnosis and management.展开更多
This paper is intended to supplement accurate descriptions concerning auricular point loca-tion and provide studies in establishing basic landmarks of the auricle. This paper mainly discusses the medial border of heli...This paper is intended to supplement accurate descriptions concerning auricular point loca-tion and provide studies in establishing basic landmarks of the auricle. This paper mainly discusses the medial border of helix, antihelix peak, scapha groove, antihelix scapha border, cymba concha border of the antihelix, deltoid fossa border of the antihelix, cymba concha folding line, cymba concha border of the antitragus, upper line of ear lobe, and the anterior border of tragus.展开更多
Purpose： To investigate the early and mid-term results of open reduction and internal fixation （ORIF） with transarticular external fixation （TEF） but no deltoid ligament repair （DLR） in the treatment of supinat...Purpose： To investigate the early and mid-term results of open reduction and internal fixation （ORIF） with transarticular external fixation （TEF） but no deltoid ligament repair （DLR） in the treatment of supination-external rotation type Ⅳ equivalent （SER Ⅳ E） ankle fractures （AO/OTA classification 44-B 3.1 ） and provide evidence for clinical practice. Methods： This study cohort consisted of 22 patients with SER IV E ankle fractures that underwent ORIF with TEF but no DLR between December 2011 and December 2014, There were 13 males and 9 females, mean age 38.9 years （range, 17-73 years）. Eight cases involved the left side and 14 the right side. The causes of fractures included road traffic accidents （11 cases）, falling from height （6 cases） and sports injuries （5 cases）. The mean period of hospitalization was 9.8 days （range, 6 14 days）. For all the patients, MRI and three-dimensional CT were done before surgery and X-rays done preoperatively and during follow-ups. The external frame was kept for 8-10 weeks. The preoperative American Orthopedic Foot and Ankle Society （AOFAS） ankle-hindfoot score was 56.86 m 4.400, the Medical Outcomes Short Form 36-item （SF-36） questionnaire score was 57.41 ± 4.102 and the visual analog score （VAS） was 5.50 m 1.058. Patients＇ main complaints about inconvenience of daily life were also recorded. Results： All the 22 patients were followed up for 24 63 months （mean, 33.6 months）. None of them developed nonunion during the follow-up; pin site infection was observed in one patient and posttraumatic osteoarthritis in another. At the final follow-up, the average AOFAS score, SF-36 score and VAS score were respectively 90.59 e 5.096, 79.59± 5.394 and 1.82 ± 1.181, which were significantly improved compared with the preoperative data （t - 26.221, p 〈 0.001; t - 11.910, p 〈 0.001; t - 11.571, p 〈 0.001）. The therapeutic effect was excellent in 13 cases, good in 7 cases and fair in 2 cases, with a good-excellent展开更多
2010143 Comprehensive therapeutic protocol of electroacupuncture combined with Chinese herbs and rehabilitation training for treatment of cerebral infarction:a multi-center randomized controlled trial.FU Wenbin(符文彬...2010143 Comprehensive therapeutic protocol of electroacupuncture combined with Chinese herbs and rehabilitation training for treatment of cerebral infarction:a multi-center randomized controlled trial.FU Wenbin(符文彬),et al. Acupunct Dept,Guangdong Prov TCM Hosp,Guangzhou 510120.Chin Acupunct & Moxibust 2010;30(1):6-9.展开更多
文摘Intramuscular injections can cause damage to arteries, veins and nerves. Achieving maximum effects of medications through precise intramuscular (IM) injections must be assured and with certainty, particularly with long-acting injection drugs (LAI). The purpose of this study is to determine precision in IM LAIs of patients with schizophrenia. These evidences estimate “Distance from the Epidermis to the Under-Fascia” (DEUF) and “Distance from Epidermis to the Upper-Arm Bone” (DEB) of the deltoid muscle. Explanatory variables include body height, weight, body-mass index (BMI), deltoid-muscle circumference, fat percentage and muscle mass measured by body composition monitor. Sixty nine subjects are included based on the Diagnostic Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV, 1994), and receive treatments of typical and atypical antipsychotic LAI. There are 46 males and 23 females with average age of 51.41 (Standard Deviation = 13.58) and ranging from 21 to 81 years who are all right-handed. Ultrasonographic data and those from explanatory variables are calculated using Spearman’s rank correlation coefficients. Multiple regression analysis (step-wise method/forced input method) is performed assuming DEUF or DEB as dependent variables. Significant correlations are found with highest adjusted R-square. Paired t-tests show differences in average values of actual ultrasonographic measurements assigned to DEUF or DEB, and the regression equations for accuracy. Ultrasonographic values are assigned multiple-regression equations as true values, and the calculated values are compared with those obtained by regression equations. There are no significant differences observed for either the right or left arm. The multiple regression equations for BMI and fat percentages (upper extremity estimation) of DEUF, and for BMI and injection site circumference of estimated DEB, successfully value the DEUF and DEB. By using these multiple regression equations for IM injection to the deltoid-muscle, DEUF can better ensure accur
文摘Hail impact is a major challenge encountered by aircraft in flight,and thus is a key concern in the design of damage-tolerant composite T-joints in aviation.The study uses the Z-pinning technique(the pre-hole insertion technology)in combination with fillets of two radiuses to manufacture four types of Carbon Fiber Reinforced Polymers(CFRP)T-joints.The T-joints are then subjected to hail impact tests at two energy levels,as well as post-impact quasi-static tensile tests.The results show that increasing the size of the deltoid and Z-pin-induced reinforcement has a limited influence on the responses of the T-joints to hail impact,but a significant influence on their residual tensile strength after impact.These influences are not only dependent on the structural characteristics of the T-joints,but are also closely related to the degree of discrete damage within the T-joints caused by hail impact.Acoustic Emission(AE)technology is used to monitor the quantitative evolution of damage to the T-joints in a timely manner during the loading process,and helps characterize the characteristics of evolution of various types of damage over different periods.The research here can help design lightweight and damage-tolerant T-joints.
文摘Background The deltoid contracture is an uncommon disorder. Long-standing contracture produces winged scapula, abduction and extension contracture of the shoulder. Surgical release has been considered the treatment of choice. However, the method of approach has not been well defined. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the results of arthroscopic release of the deltoid contracture. Methods A retrospective study was undertaken to evaluate the results of arthroscopic release in six patients （seven shoulders） who had a contracture of the deltoid muscle. All patients had arthroscopJc release. The abduction-contracture and horizontal-adduction angle was measured after operation. The average duration of follow-up was 16 months （range, from 4 to 41 months）. Results The preoperative abduction contracture resolved completely in three shoulders. Two had a residual abduction contracture of 5° to 7° and two had a poor result with 15° abduction-contracture angle. The average postoperative abduction-contracture angle was 6° （range, 0° to 15°）. The preoperative horizontal-adduction contracture was corrected, permitting at least 130° of adduction, in five shoulders. The remaining two shoulders had a postoperative horizontal-adduction angle of 120° and 110°. Overall, the average postoperative horizontal-adduction angle was 130° （range, 110° to 140°）. Conclusion Arthroscopic release is an effective surgical technique to treat the deltoid contracture.
文摘目的探讨儿童三角肌挛缩症3.0 T MRI影像表现。材料与方法搜索经手术病理证实的三角肌挛缩症患儿18例,术前均行X线及3.0 T MRI检查(MR T1WI、T2WI,抑脂T2WI、轴位快速梯度回波(GRE)T2WI序列),其中9例同时行CT检查。结果 T1WI及T2WI显示18例受累三角肌不同程度变薄、萎缩,内侧肌间隙增宽。GRE-T2WI显示16例患侧从肱骨头外上方沿三角肌走行至外下的挛缩纤维索条影,呈条带状低信号,邻近皮下脂肪局灶性增厚、向内填充。病理结果显示GRE-T2WI中挛缩纤维索条影为致密纤维结缔组织,透明变性,横纹肌萎缩或消失,肌组织间由脂肪组织填充,所见与病理结果符合率为88.9%。结论3.0 T MRI尤其GRE-T2WI序列能够直接准确显示挛缩三角肌及增生的纤维索条结构,有利于确定诊断。
文摘The writing style for the nomenclature ofthe points in this national standard consultedA Standard International Acupuncture Nomen-clature approved by the WHO Scientific Groupto Adopt a Standard International AcupuncureNomenclature. The Main Contents and the Range of Use This national standard specifies the me-thods for location of points and the standardlocation of 361 regular points and 48
文摘Ankle injuries are commonplace in the athletic population, with lateral ligamentsprains accounting for the majority of them. The medial ligament complex, thedistal tibiofibular syndesmosis as well as any of the bones that constitute the anklejoint can also be injured. Typical mechanisms of injury include inversion-plantarflexionand external rotation on a supinated, dorsiflexed or pronated foot. Lesionsof the ankle present with similar symptoms of pain, swelling and tenderness.Therefore, a thorough history and physical examination must be obtained to makethe correct diagnosis. This is especially critical for athletes as certain injuries canlead to termination of their career if not treated accurately on time. Imaging maybe useful in some cases to confirm or rule out differential diagnoses. Most injuriescan be managed conservatively using the Protection, Rest, Ice, Compression andElevation protocol followed by a comprehensive rehabilitation programme.Surgery is reserved for grade III ligament tears that are refractory to initial nonoperativetreatment and displaced fractures that are unlikely to unite withoutsurgical intervention. The objective of this review is to discuss the common ankleinjuries encountered in the athletic population and the approaches to theirdiagnosis and management.
文摘This paper is intended to supplement accurate descriptions concerning auricular point loca-tion and provide studies in establishing basic landmarks of the auricle. This paper mainly discusses the medial border of helix, antihelix peak, scapha groove, antihelix scapha border, cymba concha border of the antihelix, deltoid fossa border of the antihelix, cymba concha folding line, cymba concha border of the antitragus, upper line of ear lobe, and the anterior border of tragus.
文摘Purpose： To investigate the early and mid-term results of open reduction and internal fixation （ORIF） with transarticular external fixation （TEF） but no deltoid ligament repair （DLR） in the treatment of supination-external rotation type Ⅳ equivalent （SER Ⅳ E） ankle fractures （AO/OTA classification 44-B 3.1 ） and provide evidence for clinical practice. Methods： This study cohort consisted of 22 patients with SER IV E ankle fractures that underwent ORIF with TEF but no DLR between December 2011 and December 2014, There were 13 males and 9 females, mean age 38.9 years （range, 17-73 years）. Eight cases involved the left side and 14 the right side. The causes of fractures included road traffic accidents （11 cases）, falling from height （6 cases） and sports injuries （5 cases）. The mean period of hospitalization was 9.8 days （range, 6 14 days）. For all the patients, MRI and three-dimensional CT were done before surgery and X-rays done preoperatively and during follow-ups. The external frame was kept for 8-10 weeks. The preoperative American Orthopedic Foot and Ankle Society （AOFAS） ankle-hindfoot score was 56.86 m 4.400, the Medical Outcomes Short Form 36-item （SF-36） questionnaire score was 57.41 ± 4.102 and the visual analog score （VAS） was 5.50 m 1.058. Patients＇ main complaints about inconvenience of daily life were also recorded. Results： All the 22 patients were followed up for 24 63 months （mean, 33.6 months）. None of them developed nonunion during the follow-up; pin site infection was observed in one patient and posttraumatic osteoarthritis in another. At the final follow-up, the average AOFAS score, SF-36 score and VAS score were respectively 90.59 e 5.096, 79.59± 5.394 and 1.82 ± 1.181, which were significantly improved compared with the preoperative data （t - 26.221, p 〈 0.001; t - 11.910, p 〈 0.001; t - 11.571, p 〈 0.001）. The therapeutic effect was excellent in 13 cases, good in 7 cases and fair in 2 cases, with a good-excellent
文摘2010143 Comprehensive therapeutic protocol of electroacupuncture combined with Chinese herbs and rehabilitation training for treatment of cerebral infarction:a multi-center randomized controlled trial.FU Wenbin(符文彬),et al. Acupunct Dept,Guangdong Prov TCM Hosp,Guangzhou 510120.Chin Acupunct & Moxibust 2010;30(1):6-9.
