Introduction: Multiple pregnancies have a higher risk of premature delivery and a weakened cervix has been associated with it. In most cases, emergency cerclage has proved to be beneficial as the birth of the first tw...Introduction: Multiple pregnancies have a higher risk of premature delivery and a weakened cervix has been associated with it. In most cases, emergency cerclage has proved to be beneficial as the birth of the first twin is usually followed by the unavoidable delivery of the second twin and most fetus dies shortly after delivery. Studies have noted that delayed delivery of the second fetus in a twin pregnancy is an effective management choice and the use of cervical cerclage after the first delivery is associated with a longer inter-delivery interval. We present a case of previable premature rupture of membrane of a dichorionic diamniotic twin gestation leading to the loss of the leading twin and subsequently having emergency cervical cerclage for the second twin and caesarean delivery at term. Case Presentation: She was a case of a 29 years old, G<sub>6</sub>P<sub>1</sub><sup>+4</sup> with 1 living child at a gestational age of 17 weeks plus 5 days who initially was diagnosed with dichorionic diamniotic twin gestation following an early ultrasound but presented with a history of bleeding and passage of liquor per vaginam. Ultrasound done on admission showed cervical funneling and a stable state of the second twin. She subsequently had emergency cervical cerclage after stabilization on account of previable premature rupture of membrane of a dichorionic diamniotic twin gestation with the loss of the leading twin. A repeat ultrasound done prior to discharge showed closed cervical os and a good state of the fetus. She then had elective caesarean delivery at term with a good feto-maternal outcome. Conclusion: Emergency cervical cerclage should be part of the options of management after stabilization in cases of previable premature rupture of membrane in a dichorionic or multichoronic gestation so as to save the viable once.展开更多
目的：分析比较手膝俯卧位分娩与平卧位分娩在采用等待娩肩的措施时对母婴结局的影响。方法共有621例产妇进入临床研究，其中手膝卧位组364例，平卧位组257例，两组均采用等待至少1次宫缩娩肩助产方式。比较两组的肩难产发生率、产程时...目的：分析比较手膝俯卧位分娩与平卧位分娩在采用等待娩肩的措施时对母婴结局的影响。方法共有621例产妇进入临床研究，其中手膝卧位组364例，平卧位组257例，两组均采用等待至少1次宫缩娩肩助产方式。比较两组的肩难产发生率、产程时间、产后出血、新生儿评分、头-肩时间等指标。结果产妇分娩的头-肩时间为5～480 s，平均（53.6±40.1）s；头-肩时间≤60 s 与＞60s 比较，新生儿窒息率差异无统计学差异，头-肩时间≤120 s 与＞120 s 比较，新生儿窒息率增高，差异有统计学意义。手膝俯卧位组与平卧位组的头-肩时间分别为（60.1±46.8）s 和（44.5±25.6）s，差异有统计学意义。手膝俯卧位与平卧位的肩难产发生率分别为0，1.6％，差异有统计学意义。新生儿窒息的发生率分别为1.4％，1.9％，两组差异无统计学意义。结论采用手膝俯卧位分娩和等待至少一次宫缩自然娩肩，减少肩难产发生率，不增加新生儿窒息率，是安全可行的助产方法。展开更多
Sediment delivery ratio(SDR)for fluvial rivers was formulated with sediment rating curve.The observed data of SDR on flood event scale of the Lower Yellow River(LYR)were adopted to examine the formulation and to calib...Sediment delivery ratio(SDR)for fluvial rivers was formulated with sediment rating curve.The observed data of SDR on flood event scale of the Lower Yellow River(LYR)were adopted to examine the formulation and to calibrate the model parameters.A regression formula of SDR was then established and its 95%prediction interval was accordingly quantified to represent its overall uncertainties.Three types of factors including diversity of the incoming flow conditions,river self-regulation processes,and human activities were ascribed to the uncertainties.The following were shown:(1)With the incoming sediment coefficient(ISC)being a variable,it was not necessary to adopt the incoming flow discharge as the second variable in the formulation of SDR;and(2)ISC=0.003 and therefore SDR=2 might be a threshold for distinguishing the characteristics of sediment transport within the LYR.These findings would highlight sediment transport characteristics on the scale of flood event and contribute to uncertainty based analysis of water volume required for sediment transport and channel maintenance of the LYR.展开更多
Background： The one-step method was routine practices in China, scientific evidence to support this intervention is scarce. The purpose of this study was to observe the natural process of head-to-body delivery interv...Background： The one-step method was routine practices in China, scientific evidence to support this intervention is scarce. The purpose of this study was to observe the natural process of head-to-body delivery interval by waiting for at least one contraction （two-step） after head delivered in normal birth. Methods： From March 1 to March 30 in 2015 at Haikou Maternal and Child Hospital in China, normal vaginal birth with normal baby condition were recorded by video. Videotapes were transferred to computer then replayed and observed. Results： Ninety-two cases were enrolled in this study. The average head-to-body delivery interval by two-step delivery was 71.04± 61.02 s, （mean ＋ 2 standard deviation - 193.07 s, 95% confidence interval [15.65-229.15] s）. Fifty-one patients （51/92, 55.43%） were 〈60 s, 41 patients （41/92, 44.57%） were over 60 s. Shoulders delivered at the first contraction were 96.74% （89/92）, 3.26% （3/92） had delivered by the second contraction. Shoulders emerged from perineum were 71.73% （66/92）, 15.21% （14/92） transversely, and 13.04% （12/92） emerged from under pubic arch. Babies cried before the shoulder were 31.52% （29/92）, cried after birth 52.17% （48/92）, and 16.30% （15/92） did not cry after birth. Baby activities included as making faces, sucking, and bubbled from mouth and noses, and the lighter blue color of skin with good perfusion. Conclusions： The average time of head-to-body delivery interval was longer than 60 s by two-step delivery. Majority shoulders were delivered at the first contraction. Majority shoulders emerged from perineum rather from under pubic arch. The routine one-step method of shoulder delivery where the downward force applied is not necessary and is not the right direction. Baby＇s breath, making faces, sucking, bubble from noses and mouth, and the light blue color of the faces, all those signs during shoulder delivery indicated a normal live birth.展开更多
目的探讨剖宫产术后阴道试产(trial of labor after cesarean delivery,TOLAC)过程中完全性子宫破裂及不完全性子宫破裂的临床表现及胎心监护特点,以期早期识别。方法收集2016年1月1日至2019年12月31日北京和睦家医院进行TOLAC过程中子...目的探讨剖宫产术后阴道试产(trial of labor after cesarean delivery,TOLAC)过程中完全性子宫破裂及不完全性子宫破裂的临床表现及胎心监护特点,以期早期识别。方法收集2016年1月1日至2019年12月31日北京和睦家医院进行TOLAC过程中子宫破裂孕产妇的临床资料,分为完全性子宫破裂组及不完全性子宫破裂组,比较两组临床资料、分娩前2 h胎心监护结果及分娩结局。结果TOLAC孕产妇共486例,TOLAC过程中发生子宫破裂13例,发生率为2.67%,其中完全性子宫破裂5例,发生率为1.03%;不完全性子宫破裂8例,发生率为1.65%。完全性子宫破裂组与不完全性子宫破裂组孕产妇年龄、BMI、孕次、距前次剖宫产时间、分娩孕周、孕期体质量增加、合并妊娠糖尿病情况、临产方式、临产后试产时间、决定剖宫产时宫口、决定剖宫产时胎先露位置、新生儿体质量、5 min Apgar评分、脐血pH值及碱剩余、产后出血量比较,差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05),仅决定剖宫产至胎儿娩出时间完全性子宫破裂组显著短于不完全性子宫破裂组[(26.4±9.0)min比(57.8±27.8)min,P=0.035]。分娩前2 h胎心监护比较发现,分娩前20 min,完全性子宫破裂组全部病例均为Ⅱ类胎心监护(2例,40%)和Ⅲ类胎心监护(3例,60%);不完全性子宫破裂组有3例(37.5%)为Ⅰ类胎心监护,3例(37.5%)为Ⅱ类胎心监护,2例(25%)出现Ⅲ类胎心监护。完全性子宫破裂组中可见宫缩模式改变,即宫缩强度递减,随后胎心减速。结论对TOLAC产程中持续胎心监护,尽量做到子宫破裂的早期识别及快速反应,尽量缩短决定剖宫产至胎儿娩出时间,是减少TOLAC子宫破裂导致的母体及新生儿严重并发症的有效保障。展开更多
文摘Introduction: Multiple pregnancies have a higher risk of premature delivery and a weakened cervix has been associated with it. In most cases, emergency cerclage has proved to be beneficial as the birth of the first twin is usually followed by the unavoidable delivery of the second twin and most fetus dies shortly after delivery. Studies have noted that delayed delivery of the second fetus in a twin pregnancy is an effective management choice and the use of cervical cerclage after the first delivery is associated with a longer inter-delivery interval. We present a case of previable premature rupture of membrane of a dichorionic diamniotic twin gestation leading to the loss of the leading twin and subsequently having emergency cervical cerclage for the second twin and caesarean delivery at term. Case Presentation: She was a case of a 29 years old, G<sub>6</sub>P<sub>1</sub><sup>+4</sup> with 1 living child at a gestational age of 17 weeks plus 5 days who initially was diagnosed with dichorionic diamniotic twin gestation following an early ultrasound but presented with a history of bleeding and passage of liquor per vaginam. Ultrasound done on admission showed cervical funneling and a stable state of the second twin. She subsequently had emergency cervical cerclage after stabilization on account of previable premature rupture of membrane of a dichorionic diamniotic twin gestation with the loss of the leading twin. A repeat ultrasound done prior to discharge showed closed cervical os and a good state of the fetus. She then had elective caesarean delivery at term with a good feto-maternal outcome. Conclusion: Emergency cervical cerclage should be part of the options of management after stabilization in cases of previable premature rupture of membrane in a dichorionic or multichoronic gestation so as to save the viable once.
文摘目的：分析比较手膝俯卧位分娩与平卧位分娩在采用等待娩肩的措施时对母婴结局的影响。方法共有621例产妇进入临床研究，其中手膝卧位组364例，平卧位组257例，两组均采用等待至少1次宫缩娩肩助产方式。比较两组的肩难产发生率、产程时间、产后出血、新生儿评分、头-肩时间等指标。结果产妇分娩的头-肩时间为5～480 s，平均（53.6±40.1）s；头-肩时间≤60 s 与＞60s 比较，新生儿窒息率差异无统计学差异，头-肩时间≤120 s 与＞120 s 比较，新生儿窒息率增高，差异有统计学意义。手膝俯卧位组与平卧位组的头-肩时间分别为（60.1±46.8）s 和（44.5±25.6）s，差异有统计学意义。手膝俯卧位与平卧位的肩难产发生率分别为0，1.6％，差异有统计学意义。新生儿窒息的发生率分别为1.4％，1.9％，两组差异无统计学意义。结论采用手膝俯卧位分娩和等待至少一次宫缩自然娩肩，减少肩难产发生率，不增加新生儿窒息率，是安全可行的助产方法。
基金supported by the Ministry of Science and Technology (Grant No.2006BAB06B04)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.50725930)
文摘Sediment delivery ratio(SDR)for fluvial rivers was formulated with sediment rating curve.The observed data of SDR on flood event scale of the Lower Yellow River(LYR)were adopted to examine the formulation and to calibrate the model parameters.A regression formula of SDR was then established and its 95%prediction interval was accordingly quantified to represent its overall uncertainties.Three types of factors including diversity of the incoming flow conditions,river self-regulation processes,and human activities were ascribed to the uncertainties.The following were shown:(1)With the incoming sediment coefficient(ISC)being a variable,it was not necessary to adopt the incoming flow discharge as the second variable in the formulation of SDR;and(2)ISC=0.003 and therefore SDR=2 might be a threshold for distinguishing the characteristics of sediment transport within the LYR.These findings would highlight sediment transport characteristics on the scale of flood event and contribute to uncertainty based analysis of water volume required for sediment transport and channel maintenance of the LYR.
文摘Background： The one-step method was routine practices in China, scientific evidence to support this intervention is scarce. The purpose of this study was to observe the natural process of head-to-body delivery interval by waiting for at least one contraction （two-step） after head delivered in normal birth. Methods： From March 1 to March 30 in 2015 at Haikou Maternal and Child Hospital in China, normal vaginal birth with normal baby condition were recorded by video. Videotapes were transferred to computer then replayed and observed. Results： Ninety-two cases were enrolled in this study. The average head-to-body delivery interval by two-step delivery was 71.04± 61.02 s, （mean ＋ 2 standard deviation - 193.07 s, 95% confidence interval [15.65-229.15] s）. Fifty-one patients （51/92, 55.43%） were 〈60 s, 41 patients （41/92, 44.57%） were over 60 s. Shoulders delivered at the first contraction were 96.74% （89/92）, 3.26% （3/92） had delivered by the second contraction. Shoulders emerged from perineum were 71.73% （66/92）, 15.21% （14/92） transversely, and 13.04% （12/92） emerged from under pubic arch. Babies cried before the shoulder were 31.52% （29/92）, cried after birth 52.17% （48/92）, and 16.30% （15/92） did not cry after birth. Baby activities included as making faces, sucking, and bubbled from mouth and noses, and the lighter blue color of skin with good perfusion. Conclusions： The average time of head-to-body delivery interval was longer than 60 s by two-step delivery. Majority shoulders were delivered at the first contraction. Majority shoulders emerged from perineum rather from under pubic arch. The routine one-step method of shoulder delivery where the downward force applied is not necessary and is not the right direction. Baby＇s breath, making faces, sucking, bubble from noses and mouth, and the light blue color of the faces, all those signs during shoulder delivery indicated a normal live birth.
文摘目的探讨剖宫产术后阴道试产(trial of labor after cesarean delivery,TOLAC)过程中完全性子宫破裂及不完全性子宫破裂的临床表现及胎心监护特点,以期早期识别。方法收集2016年1月1日至2019年12月31日北京和睦家医院进行TOLAC过程中子宫破裂孕产妇的临床资料,分为完全性子宫破裂组及不完全性子宫破裂组,比较两组临床资料、分娩前2 h胎心监护结果及分娩结局。结果TOLAC孕产妇共486例,TOLAC过程中发生子宫破裂13例,发生率为2.67%,其中完全性子宫破裂5例,发生率为1.03%;不完全性子宫破裂8例,发生率为1.65%。完全性子宫破裂组与不完全性子宫破裂组孕产妇年龄、BMI、孕次、距前次剖宫产时间、分娩孕周、孕期体质量增加、合并妊娠糖尿病情况、临产方式、临产后试产时间、决定剖宫产时宫口、决定剖宫产时胎先露位置、新生儿体质量、5 min Apgar评分、脐血pH值及碱剩余、产后出血量比较,差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05),仅决定剖宫产至胎儿娩出时间完全性子宫破裂组显著短于不完全性子宫破裂组[(26.4±9.0)min比(57.8±27.8)min,P=0.035]。分娩前2 h胎心监护比较发现,分娩前20 min,完全性子宫破裂组全部病例均为Ⅱ类胎心监护(2例,40%)和Ⅲ类胎心监护(3例,60%);不完全性子宫破裂组有3例(37.5%)为Ⅰ类胎心监护,3例(37.5%)为Ⅱ类胎心监护,2例(25%)出现Ⅲ类胎心监护。完全性子宫破裂组中可见宫缩模式改变,即宫缩强度递减,随后胎心减速。结论对TOLAC产程中持续胎心监护,尽量做到子宫破裂的早期识别及快速反应,尽量缩短决定剖宫产至胎儿娩出时间,是减少TOLAC子宫破裂导致的母体及新生儿严重并发症的有效保障。
