Delay-difference models are intermediate between simple surplus-production models and complicated age-structured models. Such intermediate models are more efficient and require less data than age-structured models. In...Delay-difference models are intermediate between simple surplus-production models and complicated age-structured models. Such intermediate models are more efficient and require less data than age-structured models. In this study, a delay-differ- ence model was applied to fit catch and catch per unit effort （CPUE） data （1975-2011） of the southern Atlantic albacore （Thunnus alalunga） stock. The proposed delay-difference model captures annual fluctuations in predicted CPUE data better than Fox model. In a Monte Carlo simulation, white noises （CVs） were superimposed on the observed CPUE data at four levels. Relative estimate error was then calculated to compare the estimated results with the true values of parameters a and fl in Ricker stock-recruitment model and the catchability coefficient q. a is more sensitive to CV than fl and q. We also calculated an 80% percentile confidence interval of the maximum sustainable yield （MSY, 21756 t to 23408 t; median 22490 t） with the delay-difference model. The yield of the southern Atlantic albacore stock in 2011 was 24122t, and the estimated ratios of catch against MSY for the past seven years were approxi- mately 1.0. We suggest that care should be taken to protect the albacore fishery in the southern Atlantic Ocean. The proposed de- lay-difference model provides a good fit to the data of southern Atlantic albacore stock and may be a useful choice for the assessment of regional albacore stock.展开更多
A continuous time delay-difference model(CTDDM) has been established that considers continuous time delays of biological processes.The southern Atlantic albacore(Thunnus alalunga) stock is the one of the commercially ...A continuous time delay-difference model(CTDDM) has been established that considers continuous time delays of biological processes.The southern Atlantic albacore(Thunnus alalunga) stock is the one of the commercially important tuna population in the marine world.The age structured production model(ASPM) and the surplus production model(SPM) have already been used to assess the albacore stock.However,the ASPM requires detailed biological information and the SPM lacks the biological realism.In this study,we focus on applying a CTDDM to the southern Atlantic albacore(T.alalunga) species,which provides an alternative method to assess this fishery.It is the first time that CTDDM has been provided for assessing the Atlantic albacore(T.alalunga) fishery.CTDDM obtained the 80%confidence interval of MSY(maximum sustainable yield) of(21 510 t,23 118 t).The catch in 2011(24 100 t) is higher than the MSY values and the relative fishing mortality ratio(F_(2011)/F_(MSY)) is higher than 1.0.The results of CTDDM were analyzed to verify the proposed methodology and provide reference information for the sustainable management of the southern Atlantic albacore stock.The CTDDM treats the recruitment,the growth,and the mortality rates as all varying continuously over time and fills gaps between ASPM and SPM in this stock assessment.展开更多
China＇s first interest rate hike during the last decade, aiming to cool down the seemingly overheated real estate market, had aroused more caution on housing market. This paper aims to analyze the housing price dynam...China＇s first interest rate hike during the last decade, aiming to cool down the seemingly overheated real estate market, had aroused more caution on housing market. This paper aims to analyze the housing price dynamics after an unanticipated economic shock, which was believed to have similar properties with the backward-looking expecta- tion models. The analysis of the housing price dynamics is based on the cobweb model with a simple user cost affected demand and a stock-flow supply assumption. Several nth- order delay rational difference equations are set up to illustrate the properties of housing dynamics phenomena, such as the equilibrium or oscillations, overshoot or undershoot and convergent or divergent, for a kind of heterogeneous backward-looking expectation models. The results show that demand elasticity is less than supply elasticity is not a necessary condition for the occurrence of oscillation. The housing price dynamics will vary substantially with the heterogeneous backward-looking expectation assumption and some other endogenous factors.展开更多
南大西洋长鳍金枪鱼群体是全球资源状况维持较好的金枪鱼群体之一,剩余产量模型(Surplus production model,SPM)、年龄结构模型(Age-structured population model,ASPM)和贝叶斯产量模型(Bayesian surplus production model,BSPM)等都...南大西洋长鳍金枪鱼群体是全球资源状况维持较好的金枪鱼群体之一,剩余产量模型(Surplus production model,SPM)、年龄结构模型(Age-structured population model,ASPM)和贝叶斯产量模型(Bayesian surplus production model,BSPM)等都已成功运用于该群体的资源评估。连续型时滞差分模型(Continuous delay-difference model,CTD-DM)是在时滞差分模型(Delay-difference model,D-DM)基础上考虑了生物过程充分时间延迟构建起来的模型,比起ASPM需要较少的数据,并且比SPM更具有生物学意义。本文在离散型D-DM基础上构建了CTD-DM,并应用在南大西洋长鳍金枪鱼渔业数据中。结果显示,CTD-DM评估的最大可持续产量(Maximum Sustainable Yield,MSY)80%置信区间为21510-23118 t(中值22398 t),较ASPM和SPM等MSY评估结果偏保守。相对生物量B2011/BMSY和相对捕捞死亡系数F2011/FMSY分别为1.45和1.04,当前该群体相对资源量水平较好,但是相对捕捞死亡系数较高;BSPM和CTD-DM的风险评估结果显示,当捕捞死亡率均等于0.2时在2025年取得最大持续产量,考虑到当前渔业持保守态度和预防性策略的理念,建议捕捞死亡率应控制在0.15以内。展开更多
基金supported by the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities of China (Grant No. 201022001)
文摘Delay-difference models are intermediate between simple surplus-production models and complicated age-structured models. Such intermediate models are more efficient and require less data than age-structured models. In this study, a delay-differ- ence model was applied to fit catch and catch per unit effort （CPUE） data （1975-2011） of the southern Atlantic albacore （Thunnus alalunga） stock. The proposed delay-difference model captures annual fluctuations in predicted CPUE data better than Fox model. In a Monte Carlo simulation, white noises （CVs） were superimposed on the observed CPUE data at four levels. Relative estimate error was then calculated to compare the estimated results with the true values of parameters a and fl in Ricker stock-recruitment model and the catchability coefficient q. a is more sensitive to CV than fl and q. We also calculated an 80% percentile confidence interval of the maximum sustainable yield （MSY, 21756 t to 23408 t; median 22490 t） with the delay-difference model. The yield of the southern Atlantic albacore stock in 2011 was 24122t, and the estimated ratios of catch against MSY for the past seven years were approxi- mately 1.0. We suggest that care should be taken to protect the albacore fishery in the southern Atlantic Ocean. The proposed de- lay-difference model provides a good fit to the data of southern Atlantic albacore stock and may be a useful choice for the assessment of regional albacore stock.
基金Supported by the Special Fund of Chinese Central Government for Basic Scientific Research Operations in Commonweal Research Institutes(No.201022001)
文摘A continuous time delay-difference model(CTDDM) has been established that considers continuous time delays of biological processes.The southern Atlantic albacore(Thunnus alalunga) stock is the one of the commercially important tuna population in the marine world.The age structured production model(ASPM) and the surplus production model(SPM) have already been used to assess the albacore stock.However,the ASPM requires detailed biological information and the SPM lacks the biological realism.In this study,we focus on applying a CTDDM to the southern Atlantic albacore(T.alalunga) species,which provides an alternative method to assess this fishery.It is the first time that CTDDM has been provided for assessing the Atlantic albacore(T.alalunga) fishery.CTDDM obtained the 80%confidence interval of MSY(maximum sustainable yield) of(21 510 t,23 118 t).The catch in 2011(24 100 t) is higher than the MSY values and the relative fishing mortality ratio(F_(2011)/F_(MSY)) is higher than 1.0.The results of CTDDM were analyzed to verify the proposed methodology and provide reference information for the sustainable management of the southern Atlantic albacore stock.The CTDDM treats the recruitment,the growth,and the mortality rates as all varying continuously over time and fills gaps between ASPM and SPM in this stock assessment.
文摘China＇s first interest rate hike during the last decade, aiming to cool down the seemingly overheated real estate market, had aroused more caution on housing market. This paper aims to analyze the housing price dynamics after an unanticipated economic shock, which was believed to have similar properties with the backward-looking expecta- tion models. The analysis of the housing price dynamics is based on the cobweb model with a simple user cost affected demand and a stock-flow supply assumption. Several nth- order delay rational difference equations are set up to illustrate the properties of housing dynamics phenomena, such as the equilibrium or oscillations, overshoot or undershoot and convergent or divergent, for a kind of heterogeneous backward-looking expectation models. The results show that demand elasticity is less than supply elasticity is not a necessary condition for the occurrence of oscillation. The housing price dynamics will vary substantially with the heterogeneous backward-looking expectation assumption and some other endogenous factors.
文摘南大西洋长鳍金枪鱼群体是全球资源状况维持较好的金枪鱼群体之一,剩余产量模型(Surplus production model,SPM)、年龄结构模型(Age-structured population model,ASPM)和贝叶斯产量模型(Bayesian surplus production model,BSPM)等都已成功运用于该群体的资源评估。连续型时滞差分模型(Continuous delay-difference model,CTD-DM)是在时滞差分模型(Delay-difference model,D-DM)基础上考虑了生物过程充分时间延迟构建起来的模型,比起ASPM需要较少的数据,并且比SPM更具有生物学意义。本文在离散型D-DM基础上构建了CTD-DM,并应用在南大西洋长鳍金枪鱼渔业数据中。结果显示,CTD-DM评估的最大可持续产量(Maximum Sustainable Yield,MSY)80%置信区间为21510-23118 t(中值22398 t),较ASPM和SPM等MSY评估结果偏保守。相对生物量B2011/BMSY和相对捕捞死亡系数F2011/FMSY分别为1.45和1.04,当前该群体相对资源量水平较好,但是相对捕捞死亡系数较高;BSPM和CTD-DM的风险评估结果显示,当捕捞死亡率均等于0.2时在2025年取得最大持续产量,考虑到当前渔业持保守态度和预防性策略的理念,建议捕捞死亡率应控制在0.15以内。
