This study presents a comparative analysis of electricity, hydrogen, and biodiesel as energy vectors, with a focus on powering an aluminum smelter in southern Italy. It evaluates these vectors in terms of efficiency, ...This study presents a comparative analysis of electricity, hydrogen, and biodiesel as energy vectors, with a focus on powering an aluminum smelter in southern Italy. It evaluates these vectors in terms of efficiency, land requirements for carbon-neutral energy production, and capital expenditure, providing insights throughout the entire supply chain (upstream, midstream, and downstream) into their feasibility for industrial applications. The research reveals that biodiesel, despite being carbon neutral, is impractical due to extensive land requirements and lower efficiency if compared to other vectors. Hydrogen, downstream explored in two forms as thermal power generation and fuel cell technology, shows lower efficiency and higher capital expenditure compared to electricity. Additionally, green hydrogen production’s land requirements significantly exceed those of electricity-based systems. Electricity emerges as the most viable option, offering an overall higher efficiency, lower land requirements for its green production, and comparatively lower capital expenditure. The study’s findings highlight the importance of a holistic assessment of energy vectors, considering economic, environmental, and practical aspects along the entire energy supply chain, especially in industrial applications where the balance of these factors is crucial for long-term sustainability and feasibility. This comprehensive analysis provides valuable guidance for similar industrial applications, emphasizing the need for a balanced approach in the selection of energy vectors.展开更多
Industrial applications that require steam for their end-use generally utilize steam boilers that are typically oversized,citing operations flexibility.Similarly,gas turbine-based power plants corroborate a gas turbin...Industrial applications that require steam for their end-use generally utilize steam boilers that are typically oversized,citing operations flexibility.Similarly,gas turbine-based power plants corroborate a gas turbine system that may eventually relieve the usable exhaust into the atmosphere.This study explores the economic and technical feasibility of a topping cycle combined heat and power(CHP)system.It does so by leveraging a partially loaded boiler or gas turbine by increasing its unused load to generate steam and heat for subsequent usage.To this end,a decision support tool(COGENTEC)was developed,which emulates a given facility’s boiler or gas-turbine system,and its operational parameters with the application of steam turbines.The tool provides necessary insights into the most appropriate parameters that enable a CHP system to be technically and economically advantageous.Based on input variables such as boiler-rated capacity,steam pressure,steam temperature,and existing boiler load,among others,COGENTEC designs a topping cycle CHP system to inform a user whether this system is feasible in their facility or not.If applicable,the tool assists the user to realize the point of break-even(fuel cost incurred and cost savings)at the desired steam flow rate.It also conducts sensitivity analyses between energy usage,cost savings,and payback on the investment of the operating parameters to understand the relationship between relevant variables.By utilizing parameters from a pulp and paper manufacturing facility,the research determines that the fuel cost,electricity cost,and steam flow rate are the most important parameters for the feasibility of the system with a desirable payback on the investment.展开更多
针对高碳硫比的酸性天然气的净化,提出了一种耦合酸气提浓的脱硫脱碳新工艺.以某高碳硫比原料气为例,采用PROMAX和AMSIM模拟软件进行工艺模拟和参数分析.结果表明,二级闪蒸压力为300 k Pa、闪蒸温度为118℃时,闪蒸气量和二次吸收塔顶的...针对高碳硫比的酸性天然气的净化,提出了一种耦合酸气提浓的脱硫脱碳新工艺.以某高碳硫比原料气为例,采用PROMAX和AMSIM模拟软件进行工艺模拟和参数分析.结果表明,二级闪蒸压力为300 k Pa、闪蒸温度为118℃时,闪蒸气量和二次吸收塔顶的尾气量均较大,再生后的酸气浓度较高,能耗比常规工艺低.该工艺在满足产品质量要求的同时能将再生后的酸气浓度由20.65vol%提升至30.16vol%,提高了天然气处理单元操作的稳定性,降低了一次性投资和操作运行成本.展开更多
文摘This study presents a comparative analysis of electricity, hydrogen, and biodiesel as energy vectors, with a focus on powering an aluminum smelter in southern Italy. It evaluates these vectors in terms of efficiency, land requirements for carbon-neutral energy production, and capital expenditure, providing insights throughout the entire supply chain (upstream, midstream, and downstream) into their feasibility for industrial applications. The research reveals that biodiesel, despite being carbon neutral, is impractical due to extensive land requirements and lower efficiency if compared to other vectors. Hydrogen, downstream explored in two forms as thermal power generation and fuel cell technology, shows lower efficiency and higher capital expenditure compared to electricity. Additionally, green hydrogen production’s land requirements significantly exceed those of electricity-based systems. Electricity emerges as the most viable option, offering an overall higher efficiency, lower land requirements for its green production, and comparatively lower capital expenditure. The study’s findings highlight the importance of a holistic assessment of energy vectors, considering economic, environmental, and practical aspects along the entire energy supply chain, especially in industrial applications where the balance of these factors is crucial for long-term sustainability and feasibility. This comprehensive analysis provides valuable guidance for similar industrial applications, emphasizing the need for a balanced approach in the selection of energy vectors.
基金funded in part by the IndustrialAssessmentCenter Project,supported by grants fromthe US Department of Energy and by theWest Virginia Development Office.
文摘Industrial applications that require steam for their end-use generally utilize steam boilers that are typically oversized,citing operations flexibility.Similarly,gas turbine-based power plants corroborate a gas turbine system that may eventually relieve the usable exhaust into the atmosphere.This study explores the economic and technical feasibility of a topping cycle combined heat and power(CHP)system.It does so by leveraging a partially loaded boiler or gas turbine by increasing its unused load to generate steam and heat for subsequent usage.To this end,a decision support tool(COGENTEC)was developed,which emulates a given facility’s boiler or gas-turbine system,and its operational parameters with the application of steam turbines.The tool provides necessary insights into the most appropriate parameters that enable a CHP system to be technically and economically advantageous.Based on input variables such as boiler-rated capacity,steam pressure,steam temperature,and existing boiler load,among others,COGENTEC designs a topping cycle CHP system to inform a user whether this system is feasible in their facility or not.If applicable,the tool assists the user to realize the point of break-even(fuel cost incurred and cost savings)at the desired steam flow rate.It also conducts sensitivity analyses between energy usage,cost savings,and payback on the investment of the operating parameters to understand the relationship between relevant variables.By utilizing parameters from a pulp and paper manufacturing facility,the research determines that the fuel cost,electricity cost,and steam flow rate are the most important parameters for the feasibility of the system with a desirable payback on the investment.
文摘针对高碳硫比的酸性天然气的净化,提出了一种耦合酸气提浓的脱硫脱碳新工艺.以某高碳硫比原料气为例,采用PROMAX和AMSIM模拟软件进行工艺模拟和参数分析.结果表明,二级闪蒸压力为300 k Pa、闪蒸温度为118℃时,闪蒸气量和二次吸收塔顶的尾气量均较大,再生后的酸气浓度较高,能耗比常规工艺低.该工艺在满足产品质量要求的同时能将再生后的酸气浓度由20.65vol%提升至30.16vol%,提高了天然气处理单元操作的稳定性,降低了一次性投资和操作运行成本.
