明末清初中国社会动荡加剧,王朝更迭,伴随着华北地区较为明显的年代际气候变化。本研究使用CESM-LME(CESM Last Millennium Ensemble)模拟数据,结合重建证据,对明末清初华北夏季降水年代际气候变化特征和原因进行了分析。重建证据显示,1...明末清初中国社会动荡加剧,王朝更迭,伴随着华北地区较为明显的年代际气候变化。本研究使用CESM-LME(CESM Last Millennium Ensemble)模拟数据,结合重建证据,对明末清初华北夏季降水年代际气候变化特征和原因进行了分析。重建证据显示,1644年华北夏季降水发生由少到多的年代际转变,中国东部夏季降水呈“南旱北涝”的变化格局。CESM-LME集合试验成员012能够模拟出这样的年代际转变,但模拟的变化幅度偏弱且转变发生时间略晚。模拟显示,北太平洋出现类PDO(Pacific Decadal Oscillation,太平洋年代际振荡)正位相的海温年代际异常,引起日本海附近低压异常。同时,热带太平洋呈现类拉尼娜型海温异常,使得菲律宾以东洋面对流增强、降水增加,通过北传罗斯贝波激发类东亚-太平洋遥相关,导致西北太平洋副热带高压增强西伸和日本海附近异常低压的加强。对应于这样的环流异常,华北有北风异常,长江以南有南风异常,华北地区南部水汽辐合增强,有异常的上升运动,华北夏季降水年代际增多,并伴随着东亚副热带西风急流的向南移动。伴随华北夏季降水年代际转变,华北土地承载力提高,社会系统逐渐恢复和稳定。展开更多
In this paper, we report on the results of an investigation into inter-decadal changes in moisture transport and divergence in East Asia for the two periods 1980-2001 and 1958 1979. The aim is to explore the mechanism...In this paper, we report on the results of an investigation into inter-decadal changes in moisture transport and divergence in East Asia for the two periods 1980-2001 and 1958 1979. The aim is to explore the mechanism of summer rainfall change in the region after abrupt changes. The relevant changes are calculated using ERA-40 daily reanalysis datasets. The results show that both stationary and transient eddy moisture transports to the Chinese mainland have declined since the abrupt change in atmospheric general circulation in the late 1970s, leading to more rainfall in South China and less in the North. The anomalous rainfall pattern coincides well with anomalous large-scale moisture divergence in the troposphere, of which stationary-wave or monsoon transport is dominant, in comparison with the contribution of the transient eddies. F^rthermore, their divergences are found to be in opposite phases. In addition, meridional divergence is more important than its zonal counterpart, with an opposite phase in East Asia. Abnormal zonal moisture convergences appear in northwestern and northeastern parts of China, and are related to the excess rainfalls in these regions. An increase in transient eddy activity is one of the major mechanisms for excess rainfall in northern Xinjiang. Consequently, the anomalous rainfall pattern in East Asia results from a decline of the East Asian monsoon after the abrupt change, while the rainfall increase in northwestern China involves anomalies of both stationary waves and transient eddies on boreal westerly over the mid- and high latitudes.展开更多
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 40775048 and 41075058)the Special Scientific Research Fund of Public Welfare Profession of China (Grant No. GYHY201106016)
文摘In this paper, we report on the results of an investigation into inter-decadal changes in moisture transport and divergence in East Asia for the two periods 1980-2001 and 1958 1979. The aim is to explore the mechanism of summer rainfall change in the region after abrupt changes. The relevant changes are calculated using ERA-40 daily reanalysis datasets. The results show that both stationary and transient eddy moisture transports to the Chinese mainland have declined since the abrupt change in atmospheric general circulation in the late 1970s, leading to more rainfall in South China and less in the North. The anomalous rainfall pattern coincides well with anomalous large-scale moisture divergence in the troposphere, of which stationary-wave or monsoon transport is dominant, in comparison with the contribution of the transient eddies. F^rthermore, their divergences are found to be in opposite phases. In addition, meridional divergence is more important than its zonal counterpart, with an opposite phase in East Asia. Abnormal zonal moisture convergences appear in northwestern and northeastern parts of China, and are related to the excess rainfalls in these regions. An increase in transient eddy activity is one of the major mechanisms for excess rainfall in northern Xinjiang. Consequently, the anomalous rainfall pattern in East Asia results from a decline of the East Asian monsoon after the abrupt change, while the rainfall increase in northwestern China involves anomalies of both stationary waves and transient eddies on boreal westerly over the mid- and high latitudes.
