Total synthesis of (3Z, 6Z, 9S, 10R)-9, 10-epoxy-3, 6-heneicosadiene, sex pheromone component of Hyphantria cunea (Drug), was achieved using Sharpless AE kinetic resolution and alkylative epoxide rearrangement as ke...Total synthesis of (3Z, 6Z, 9S, 10R)-9, 10-epoxy-3, 6-heneicosadiene, sex pheromone component of Hyphantria cunea (Drug), was achieved using Sharpless AE kinetic resolution and alkylative epoxide rearrangement as key steps.展开更多
Chouioia cunea Yang is a natural enemy for many kinds of crop and forest pests, particularly for Hyphantria cunea Drary, which is an international quarantine pest. The experiment of rearing Chouioia cunea with Tussah ...Chouioia cunea Yang is a natural enemy for many kinds of crop and forest pests, particularly for Hyphantria cunea Drary, which is an international quarantine pest. The experiment of rearing Chouioia cunea with Tussah (Silkworm) pupa were carried out by 搕hree-cut method?and inoculating method. The results showed that three-cut method is effective way for breed-ing Chouioia cunea, with a parasitical rate of 95%. The biological characteristics and the life cycle of Chouioia cunea were ob-served and described and more hosts of Chouioia cunea were found. 揟hree-cut method?as a new technique of rearing Chouioia cunea has been put into practice.展开更多
Recent advances in information and communication technologies, such as mobile Internet and smart- phones, have created new paradigms for participatory environment monitoring. The ubiquitous mobile phones with capabili...Recent advances in information and communication technologies, such as mobile Internet and smart- phones, have created new paradigms for participatory environment monitoring. The ubiquitous mobile phones with capabilities such as a global positioning system, camera, and network access, offer opportunities to estab- lish distributed monitoring networks that can perform a wide range of measurements for a landscape. This study examined the potential of mobile phone-based community monitoring of fall webworm （Hyphantria cunea Drury）. We built a prototype of a participatory fall webworm monitoring System based on mobile devices that stream- lined data collection, transmission, and visualization. We also assessed the accuracy and reliability of the data collected by the local community. The system performance was evaluated at the Ziya commune of Tianjin municipality in northern China, where fall webworm infestation has occurred. The local community provided data with accuracy comparable to expert measurements （Willmott＇s index of agreement 〉0.85）. Measurements by the local community effectively complemented remote sensing images in both temporal and spatial resolution.展开更多
Invasive species have potentially devastating effects on ecological communi- ties and ecosystems. To understand the invasion process of exotic forest pests in South Korea, we reviewed four major species of exotic fore...Invasive species have potentially devastating effects on ecological communi- ties and ecosystems. To understand the invasion process of exotic forest pests in South Korea, we reviewed four major species of exotic forest pests： the pine needle gall midge （Thecodiplosis japonensis）, pine wilt disease caused by the pine wood nematode （Bur- saphelenchus xylophilus）, the fall webworm （Hyphantria cunea） and the black pine bast scale （Matsucoccus thunbergianae）. We consider their biology, ecology, invasion history, dispersal patterns and related traits, and management as exotic species. Among these species, the dispersal process of fall webworm was linear, showing a constant range expan- sion as a function of time, whereas the other three species showed biphasic patterns, rapidly increasing dispersal speed after slow dispersal at the early invasion stage. Moreover, human activities accelerated their expansion, suggesting that prevention of the artificial movement of damaged trees would be useful to slow expansion of exotic species. We believe that this information would be useful to establish management strategies for invasion species.展开更多
The Masculinizer gene,Masc,encodes a lepidopteran-specific novel CCCHtype zinc finger protein,which controls sex determination and dosage compensation in Bombyx mori.Considering the potential application of it in pest...The Masculinizer gene,Masc,encodes a lepidopteran-specific novel CCCHtype zinc finger protein,which controls sex determination and dosage compensation in Bombyx mori.Considering the potential application of it in pest control,it is necessary to investigate the function of Masc gene in Hyphantria cunea,a globally invasive forest pest.In the present study,we identified and functionally characterized the Masc gene,HcMasc,in H.cunea.Sequence analysis revealed that HcMASC contained the conserved CCCH-type zinc finger domain,nuclear localization signal,and male determining domain,in which the last was confirmed to be required for its masculinization in BmN cell line.However,expression data showed that unlike male-biased expression in B.mori,Hc-Masc gene expresses in main all developmental stages or tissues in both sexes.Clustered regularly interspaced palindromic repeats(CRISPR)/CRISPR-associated protein 9-based disruption of the common exons 1 and 3 of the HcMasc gene resulted in imbalanced sex ratio and abnormal external genitalia of both sexes.Our results suggest that the HcMasc gene is required for both male and female sexual differentiation and dosage compensation in H.cunea and provide a foundation for developing better strategies to control this pest.展开更多
Hyphantria cunea （Drury） is a severe invasive pest in Beijing. It is important to understand the reason for its successful invasion and outbreak. Accordingly, this study was tailored to assess molecular variation an...Hyphantria cunea （Drury） is a severe invasive pest in Beijing. It is important to understand the reason for its successful invasion and outbreak. Accordingly, this study was tailored to assess molecular variation and genetic relationships among three H. cunea populations in Beijing and one population from Sanhe in Hebei Province as control （totally 100 individuals）. A silver-labeled amplified fragment length polymorphisms （AFLP） DNA profiling method was used to detect the genetic diversity and relationship among the populations. Five EcoRI and MseI primer combinations produced a total of 171 （91.2% polymorphic） informative fragments. The average Nei＇s genetic diversity in four H. cunea populations analyzed by Popgene3.2 software was 0.2287, and the level of genetic diversity ranked in the order BDR （reared population in Daxing, Beijing） 〉 BDN （natural population in Daxing, Beijing） 〉 HSN （natural population in Sanhe, Hebei Province） 〉 BFN （natural population in Fengtai, Beijing）. The value of genetic differentia- tion among populations was 0.3321, and the gene flow was 1.0057. The genetic distance between these populations ranged from 0.0735 to 0.3309, 0.0531 on average. The result of UPGMA （unweighed pair group method with arithmetic averages） clustering showed that populations BFN and HSN were closely related, while BFN and BDN had the largest genetic distance. These results indicate that H. cunea populations in Beijing might originate from several areas.展开更多
Heavy metal contamination has been regarded as an environmental variable that affects the efficiency of pest biological control,but the parasitic fitness of parasitoids under heavy metal stress is poorly understood.He...Heavy metal contamination has been regarded as an environmental variable that affects the efficiency of pest biological control,but the parasitic fitness of parasitoids under heavy metal stress is poorly understood.Herein,the effect of Cd exposure through the host pupa of Hyphantria cunea on the parasitic fitness of Chouioia cunea was investigated,and the mechanism by which Cd exposure affects the interaction between H.cunea and C.cunea from the perspective of innate immunity in host insect and the oxidative status in the parasitoid offspring was explored.Our results indicated that Cd can be transferred from the H.cunea pupae to the parasitoid offspring,and the transfer coefficient reflected biological amplification.There were no significant differences in the rates of parasitism success and offspring emergence between the untreated and Cd-treated groups.However,after parasitizing Cd-accumulated pupae,the parasitic fitness of offspring wasps(e.g.,the number,individual size and life span)decreased significantly.Under Cd exposure,the cellular and humoral immunity of H.cunea pupae decreased significantly.Compared with the untreated group,the H_(2)O_(2)content of parasitoid offspring in the Cd-treated group was significantly increased.Cd exposure significantly inhibited superoxide dismutase activity in parasitoid offspring,but the contents of ascorbic acid and glutathione were significantly increased by Cd stress.Taken together,these results indicate that Cd exposure reduces the cyclic utilization efficiency of C.cunea on H.cunea pupae.The oxidative status of parasitoid offspring triggered by Cd exposure could be responsible for the reduced parasitic fitness of C.cunea on Cd-accumulated H.cunea pupae.展开更多
In recent years,the situation of the Hyphantria cunea(Drury)(Lepidoptera:Erebidae),infestation in China has been serious and has a tendency to continue to spread.A comprehensive analysis was carried out to examine the...In recent years,the situation of the Hyphantria cunea(Drury)(Lepidoptera:Erebidae),infestation in China has been serious and has a tendency to continue to spread.A comprehensive analysis was carried out to examine the spa-tial distribution trends and influencing factors of H.cunea.This analysis involved integrating administrative division and boundary data,distribution data of H.cunea,and envi-ronmental variables for 2021.GeoDetector and gravity analysis techniques were employed for data processing and interpretation.The results show that H.cunea exhibited high aggregation patterns in 2021 and 2022 concentrated mainly in eastern China.During these years,the focal point of the infestation was in Shandong Province with a spread towards the northeast.Conditions such as high vegetation density in eastern China provided favorable situations for growth and development of H.cunea.In China,the spatial distribution of the moth is primarily influenced by two critical factors:precipitation during the driest month and elevation.These play a pivotal role in determining the spread of the species.Based on these results,suggestions are provided for a mul-tifaceted approach to prevention and control of H.cunea infestation.展开更多
Hyphandria cunea is an insect that can damage hundreds of plants in its larval phase and needs to be placed under quarantine at an international level. Its hosts involve 600 plant species, including forest and fruit t...Hyphandria cunea is an insect that can damage hundreds of plants in its larval phase and needs to be placed under quarantine at an international level. Its hosts involve 600 plant species, including forest and fruit trees, shrubs, crops, vegetables, weeds and others. In 2006, we surveyed two Fraxinus chinensis Roxb stands, damaged to different degrees, after the invasion of H. cunea in the Changping district of the Beijing area. Given our survey of individual trees and investigation of bio-environmental factors, we pro-vide a preliminarily simulation of the growth situation of F. chinensis stands, damaged by H. cunea, by using the Forest Vegetation Simulator software （FVS）, which is supported by the ＂948＂ project from the State Forestry Administration of China. The results will provide a valuable reference in forecasting the effect of H. cunea and other invasive pests in China on forest ecological values.展开更多
Six kinds of cxtracts drawn from Ajuga multiflora and .A. multliflora var. brevispicala and A. multiflora var.serotina using methanol and acetone were used in this experiment to test their killing activity to the se...Six kinds of cxtracts drawn from Ajuga multiflora and .A. multliflora var. brevispicala and A. multiflora var.serotina using methanol and acetone were used in this experiment to test their killing activity to the second instar larvae ofHypantria cunea and their influence on its natural enemics. The average death rate caused by those extracts on the secondinstar larvae was 85.70%. The mortality rate caused by the extracts drawn with methanol was from 88.89% to 96.33%,which was significal1tly l1igl1er tl1a11 tl1at caused by acetol1e extracts. 'I11osc extracts were satt to TrchogranInIa `Ie)uI,xiIinIi,Coccinella septempunctata, the natural enelnies of H. cunea. We did not found any evidence shown that those extracts hadany influence the emergence and the devclopment of T. dendrolimi. Those methanolic extracts gotten from A. multiflora andA. multiflora var. brevispicata had no significant effects on the mortality of the larvae and adults of C. septenrpunctala.Those eXtracts could be used in the control of H cunea sattly.展开更多
Insecticidal effects of 4-hexylresorcinol, a phenoloxidase （PO） inhibitor, were determined on Hyphantria cunea （Drury） under laboratory conditions. The LC50 for the 15- d-old larvae was estimated to be 2.95 g/L af...Insecticidal effects of 4-hexylresorcinol, a phenoloxidase （PO） inhibitor, were determined on Hyphantria cunea （Drury） under laboratory conditions. The LC50 for the 15- d-old larvae was estimated to be 2.95 g/L after 96 h exposure. The activities of glutathione S-transferase （GST） and PO showed a decrease in larvae treated with 4-hexylresorcinol, and the IC50 of GST and PO were estimated to be 0.8 and 0.43 g/L, respectively, 24 h after treatment. The PO from the hemolymph of fall webworm was purified by ammonium sulfate precipitation, gel-filtration, and ion-exchange chromatography, and then enzymatic characteristics and the mechanism of inhibition were determined using L-dihydroxyphenylalanine （L-DOPA） as the substrate. The purified PO showed a single band on SDS-PAGE with a molecular weight of about 70 kDa. The optimum pH for PO activity was observed at pH 7.0, optimum temperature was found to be 45 ℃, and PO activity was strongly inhibited by Zn2＋. IC50 values were estimated to be 8.2, 19.14, and 24.04/zmol/L for 4-hexylresorsinol, kojic acid, and quercetin, respectively. The inhibitory potencies （i.e., 150 of each compound/Is0 of 4-hexylresorcinol） ofkojic acid and quercetin on H. cunea PO were estimated to be 1.87 and 2.89, respectively. 4-hexylresorcinol was determined to be a competitive inhibitor, and kojic acid and quercetin were determined to be mixed inhibitors. PO is one of the most important enzymes in an insect＇s immune system, and the use ofPO inhibitors seems to be a promising approach for pest control due to their potential safety for humans.展开更多
The molecular variation and genetic relationships among five populations of the fall webworm （Hyphantria cunea Drury） in China were assessed using microsatellite technology. Ten microsatellite primers, producing pol...The molecular variation and genetic relationships among five populations of the fall webworm （Hyphantria cunea Drury） in China were assessed using microsatellite technology. Ten microsatellite primers, producing polymorphic bands, were used across 300 samples. The percentage of polymorphic loci （PPB） was 98.36%; the percentage of polymorphic loci in five populations ranged from high to low in the following order： Cangzhou population, Yantai population, Qinhuangdao population, Dandong population, and Shijiazhuang population. The results showed that 34.38% of the total genetic variation of the fall webworm （GsT） occurs among populations, while most variation （65.62%） exists within populations. Nei＇s genetic distances ranged from 0.1386 to 0.3224. Using the unweighted pair group method with arithmetic mean （UPGMA）, Nei＇s genetic distances were analyzed by a clustering technique and the dendrogram shows that population differentiation is closely related to the time and geographic origin of the invasion. The major factors impacting genetic diversity of fall webworm populations are longitude, the plain area ratio, annual precipitation, latitude and time of invasion. The formation of genetic structure is correlated with characteristics of the life history and invasion ecology of the species.展开更多
The steroid hormone 20-hydroxyecdysone(20E)has been described to regulate fat body lipid metabolism in insects,but its accurate regulatory mechanism,especially the crosstalk between 20E-induced lipid metabolism and gl...The steroid hormone 20-hydroxyecdysone(20E)has been described to regulate fat body lipid metabolism in insects,but its accurate regulatory mechanism,especially the crosstalk between 20E-induced lipid metabolism and gluconeogenesis remains largely unclear.Here,we specially investigated the effect of 20E on lipid metabolism and gluconeogenesis in the fat body of Hyphantria cunea larvae,a notorious pest in forestry.Lipidomics analysis showed that a total of 1907 lipid species were identified in the fat body of H.cunea larvae assigned to 6 groups and 48 lipid classes.The differentially abundant lipids analysis showed a significant difference between 20E-treated and control samples,indicating that 20E caused a remarkable alteration of lipidomics profiles in the fat body of H.cunea larvae.Further studies demonstrated that 20E accelerated fatty acidβ-oxidation,inhibited lipid synthesis,and promoted lipolysis.Meanwhile,the activities of pyruvate carboxylase,phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase,fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase,and glucose-6-phosphatase were dramatically suppressed by 20E in the fat body of H.cunea larvae.As well,the transcriptions of genes encoding these 4 rate-limiting gluconeogenic enzymes were significantly downregulated in the fat body of H.cunea larvae after treatment with 20E.Taken together,our results revealed that 20E disturbed fat body lipid homeostasis,accelerated fatty acidβ-oxidation and promoted lipolysis,but negatively regulated gluconeogenesis in H.cunea larvae.The findings might provide a new insight into hormonal regulation of glucose and lipid metabolism in insect fat body.展开更多
Brachymeria lasus Walker is a solitary endoparasitoid that attacks the pupae of a wide range of lepidopteran hosts,including an important invasive species,the fall webworm(Hyphantria cunea Drury).We studied the relati...Brachymeria lasus Walker is a solitary endoparasitoid that attacks the pupae of a wide range of lepidopteran hosts,including an important invasive species,the fall webworm(Hyphantria cunea Drury).We studied the relationship between temperature and development of B.lasus from egg to adult hatching.The results show a decrease in parasitoid development time from 34.4 days at 18°C to 10.6 days at 32°C.The minimum threshold temperature of B.lasus was 13.2°C±1.7°C,and the eff ective accumulated temperature was 210.3±28.7 degree days.These results provide a basis for optimizing the production of this parasitoid.In addition,the eff ects of host size on off spring performance of B.lasus were investigated under laboratory conditions.Off spring longevity,size,and percentage of females were positively correlated with host size.Female off spring are larger and live longer than males.Furthermore,this research showed that parasitoid adults successfully emerged from approximately 27.9%of pupae.However,eclosion or hatching of H.cunea decreased dramatically,which may be due to damage caused by female B.lasus when testing hosts with their ovipositors or by feeding on them.The results suggest that B.lasus has the potential to become an effi cient natural enemy for controlling H.cunea.展开更多
文摘Total synthesis of (3Z, 6Z, 9S, 10R)-9, 10-epoxy-3, 6-heneicosadiene, sex pheromone component of Hyphantria cunea (Drug), was achieved using Sharpless AE kinetic resolution and alkylative epoxide rearrangement as key steps.
文摘Chouioia cunea Yang is a natural enemy for many kinds of crop and forest pests, particularly for Hyphantria cunea Drary, which is an international quarantine pest. The experiment of rearing Chouioia cunea with Tussah (Silkworm) pupa were carried out by 搕hree-cut method?and inoculating method. The results showed that three-cut method is effective way for breed-ing Chouioia cunea, with a parasitical rate of 95%. The biological characteristics and the life cycle of Chouioia cunea were ob-served and described and more hosts of Chouioia cunea were found. 揟hree-cut method?as a new technique of rearing Chouioia cunea has been put into practice.
基金supported by National Science and Technology Major Projects of China(21-Y30B05-9001-13/15)
文摘Recent advances in information and communication technologies, such as mobile Internet and smart- phones, have created new paradigms for participatory environment monitoring. The ubiquitous mobile phones with capabilities such as a global positioning system, camera, and network access, offer opportunities to estab- lish distributed monitoring networks that can perform a wide range of measurements for a landscape. This study examined the potential of mobile phone-based community monitoring of fall webworm （Hyphantria cunea Drury）. We built a prototype of a participatory fall webworm monitoring System based on mobile devices that stream- lined data collection, transmission, and visualization. We also assessed the accuracy and reliability of the data collected by the local community. The system performance was evaluated at the Ziya commune of Tianjin municipality in northern China, where fall webworm infestation has occurred. The local community provided data with accuracy comparable to expert measurements （Willmott＇s index of agreement 〉0.85）. Measurements by the local community effectively complemented remote sensing images in both temporal and spatial resolution.
文摘Invasive species have potentially devastating effects on ecological communi- ties and ecosystems. To understand the invasion process of exotic forest pests in South Korea, we reviewed four major species of exotic forest pests： the pine needle gall midge （Thecodiplosis japonensis）, pine wilt disease caused by the pine wood nematode （Bur- saphelenchus xylophilus）, the fall webworm （Hyphantria cunea） and the black pine bast scale （Matsucoccus thunbergianae）. We consider their biology, ecology, invasion history, dispersal patterns and related traits, and management as exotic species. Among these species, the dispersal process of fall webworm was linear, showing a constant range expan- sion as a function of time, whereas the other three species showed biphasic patterns, rapidly increasing dispersal speed after slow dispersal at the early invasion stage. Moreover, human activities accelerated their expansion, suggesting that prevention of the artificial movement of damaged trees would be useful to slow expansion of exotic species. We believe that this information would be useful to establish management strategies for invasion species.
基金funded by the Strategic Priority Research Program of Chinese Academy of Sciences(XDB11010600)National Natural Science Foundation of China(32101531 and 31420103918)National Key Research and Development Program of China,grant number 2018YFD0600203.
文摘The Masculinizer gene,Masc,encodes a lepidopteran-specific novel CCCHtype zinc finger protein,which controls sex determination and dosage compensation in Bombyx mori.Considering the potential application of it in pest control,it is necessary to investigate the function of Masc gene in Hyphantria cunea,a globally invasive forest pest.In the present study,we identified and functionally characterized the Masc gene,HcMasc,in H.cunea.Sequence analysis revealed that HcMASC contained the conserved CCCH-type zinc finger domain,nuclear localization signal,and male determining domain,in which the last was confirmed to be required for its masculinization in BmN cell line.However,expression data showed that unlike male-biased expression in B.mori,Hc-Masc gene expresses in main all developmental stages or tissues in both sexes.Clustered regularly interspaced palindromic repeats(CRISPR)/CRISPR-associated protein 9-based disruption of the common exons 1 and 3 of the HcMasc gene resulted in imbalanced sex ratio and abnormal external genitalia of both sexes.Our results suggest that the HcMasc gene is required for both male and female sexual differentiation and dosage compensation in H.cunea and provide a foundation for developing better strategies to control this pest.
基金funded by the Beijing Municipal Education Commission Research Base,National Natural ScienceTechnology Support Plan of China "The Technology Research and Demonstration of Forestry-Paper Integration Project" (2006BAD32B)Program for Changjiang Scholars Innovative Research Team in Universities (PCSIRT0607)
文摘Hyphantria cunea （Drury） is a severe invasive pest in Beijing. It is important to understand the reason for its successful invasion and outbreak. Accordingly, this study was tailored to assess molecular variation and genetic relationships among three H. cunea populations in Beijing and one population from Sanhe in Hebei Province as control （totally 100 individuals）. A silver-labeled amplified fragment length polymorphisms （AFLP） DNA profiling method was used to detect the genetic diversity and relationship among the populations. Five EcoRI and MseI primer combinations produced a total of 171 （91.2% polymorphic） informative fragments. The average Nei＇s genetic diversity in four H. cunea populations analyzed by Popgene3.2 software was 0.2287, and the level of genetic diversity ranked in the order BDR （reared population in Daxing, Beijing） 〉 BDN （natural population in Daxing, Beijing） 〉 HSN （natural population in Sanhe, Hebei Province） 〉 BFN （natural population in Fengtai, Beijing）. The value of genetic differentia- tion among populations was 0.3321, and the gene flow was 1.0057. The genetic distance between these populations ranged from 0.0735 to 0.3309, 0.0531 on average. The result of UPGMA （unweighed pair group method with arithmetic averages） clustering showed that populations BFN and HSN were closely related, while BFN and BDN had the largest genetic distance. These results indicate that H. cunea populations in Beijing might originate from several areas.
基金the project funded by the Natural Science Foundation of Heilongjiang Province,China(YQ2022C006)National Natural Science Foundation of China(32101526)。
文摘Heavy metal contamination has been regarded as an environmental variable that affects the efficiency of pest biological control,but the parasitic fitness of parasitoids under heavy metal stress is poorly understood.Herein,the effect of Cd exposure through the host pupa of Hyphantria cunea on the parasitic fitness of Chouioia cunea was investigated,and the mechanism by which Cd exposure affects the interaction between H.cunea and C.cunea from the perspective of innate immunity in host insect and the oxidative status in the parasitoid offspring was explored.Our results indicated that Cd can be transferred from the H.cunea pupae to the parasitoid offspring,and the transfer coefficient reflected biological amplification.There were no significant differences in the rates of parasitism success and offspring emergence between the untreated and Cd-treated groups.However,after parasitizing Cd-accumulated pupae,the parasitic fitness of offspring wasps(e.g.,the number,individual size and life span)decreased significantly.Under Cd exposure,the cellular and humoral immunity of H.cunea pupae decreased significantly.Compared with the untreated group,the H_(2)O_(2)content of parasitoid offspring in the Cd-treated group was significantly increased.Cd exposure significantly inhibited superoxide dismutase activity in parasitoid offspring,but the contents of ascorbic acid and glutathione were significantly increased by Cd stress.Taken together,these results indicate that Cd exposure reduces the cyclic utilization efficiency of C.cunea on H.cunea pupae.The oxidative status of parasitoid offspring triggered by Cd exposure could be responsible for the reduced parasitic fitness of C.cunea on Cd-accumulated H.cunea pupae.
基金funded by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2021YFD1400300)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(2572022DP04).
文摘In recent years,the situation of the Hyphantria cunea(Drury)(Lepidoptera:Erebidae),infestation in China has been serious and has a tendency to continue to spread.A comprehensive analysis was carried out to examine the spa-tial distribution trends and influencing factors of H.cunea.This analysis involved integrating administrative division and boundary data,distribution data of H.cunea,and envi-ronmental variables for 2021.GeoDetector and gravity analysis techniques were employed for data processing and interpretation.The results show that H.cunea exhibited high aggregation patterns in 2021 and 2022 concentrated mainly in eastern China.During these years,the focal point of the infestation was in Shandong Province with a spread towards the northeast.Conditions such as high vegetation density in eastern China provided favorable situations for growth and development of H.cunea.In China,the spatial distribution of the moth is primarily influenced by two critical factors:precipitation during the driest month and elevation.These play a pivotal role in determining the spread of the species.Based on these results,suggestions are provided for a mul-tifaceted approach to prevention and control of H.cunea infestation.
文摘Hyphandria cunea is an insect that can damage hundreds of plants in its larval phase and needs to be placed under quarantine at an international level. Its hosts involve 600 plant species, including forest and fruit trees, shrubs, crops, vegetables, weeds and others. In 2006, we surveyed two Fraxinus chinensis Roxb stands, damaged to different degrees, after the invasion of H. cunea in the Changping district of the Beijing area. Given our survey of individual trees and investigation of bio-environmental factors, we pro-vide a preliminarily simulation of the growth situation of F. chinensis stands, damaged by H. cunea, by using the Forest Vegetation Simulator software （FVS）, which is supported by the ＂948＂ project from the State Forestry Administration of China. The results will provide a valuable reference in forecasting the effect of H. cunea and other invasive pests in China on forest ecological values.
文摘Six kinds of cxtracts drawn from Ajuga multiflora and .A. multliflora var. brevispicala and A. multiflora var.serotina using methanol and acetone were used in this experiment to test their killing activity to the second instar larvae ofHypantria cunea and their influence on its natural enemics. The average death rate caused by those extracts on the secondinstar larvae was 85.70%. The mortality rate caused by the extracts drawn with methanol was from 88.89% to 96.33%,which was significal1tly l1igl1er tl1a11 tl1at caused by acetol1e extracts. 'I11osc extracts were satt to TrchogranInIa `Ie)uI,xiIinIi,Coccinella septempunctata, the natural enelnies of H. cunea. We did not found any evidence shown that those extracts hadany influence the emergence and the devclopment of T. dendrolimi. Those methanolic extracts gotten from A. multiflora andA. multiflora var. brevispicata had no significant effects on the mortality of the larvae and adults of C. septenrpunctala.Those eXtracts could be used in the control of H cunea sattly.
文摘Insecticidal effects of 4-hexylresorcinol, a phenoloxidase （PO） inhibitor, were determined on Hyphantria cunea （Drury） under laboratory conditions. The LC50 for the 15- d-old larvae was estimated to be 2.95 g/L after 96 h exposure. The activities of glutathione S-transferase （GST） and PO showed a decrease in larvae treated with 4-hexylresorcinol, and the IC50 of GST and PO were estimated to be 0.8 and 0.43 g/L, respectively, 24 h after treatment. The PO from the hemolymph of fall webworm was purified by ammonium sulfate precipitation, gel-filtration, and ion-exchange chromatography, and then enzymatic characteristics and the mechanism of inhibition were determined using L-dihydroxyphenylalanine （L-DOPA） as the substrate. The purified PO showed a single band on SDS-PAGE with a molecular weight of about 70 kDa. The optimum pH for PO activity was observed at pH 7.0, optimum temperature was found to be 45 ℃, and PO activity was strongly inhibited by Zn2＋. IC50 values were estimated to be 8.2, 19.14, and 24.04/zmol/L for 4-hexylresorsinol, kojic acid, and quercetin, respectively. The inhibitory potencies （i.e., 150 of each compound/Is0 of 4-hexylresorcinol） ofkojic acid and quercetin on H. cunea PO were estimated to be 1.87 and 2.89, respectively. 4-hexylresorcinol was determined to be a competitive inhibitor, and kojic acid and quercetin were determined to be mixed inhibitors. PO is one of the most important enzymes in an insect＇s immune system, and the use ofPO inhibitors seems to be a promising approach for pest control due to their potential safety for humans.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 30771739)
文摘The molecular variation and genetic relationships among five populations of the fall webworm （Hyphantria cunea Drury） in China were assessed using microsatellite technology. Ten microsatellite primers, producing polymorphic bands, were used across 300 samples. The percentage of polymorphic loci （PPB） was 98.36%; the percentage of polymorphic loci in five populations ranged from high to low in the following order： Cangzhou population, Yantai population, Qinhuangdao population, Dandong population, and Shijiazhuang population. The results showed that 34.38% of the total genetic variation of the fall webworm （GsT） occurs among populations, while most variation （65.62%） exists within populations. Nei＇s genetic distances ranged from 0.1386 to 0.3224. Using the unweighted pair group method with arithmetic mean （UPGMA）, Nei＇s genetic distances were analyzed by a clustering technique and the dendrogram shows that population differentiation is closely related to the time and geographic origin of the invasion. The major factors impacting genetic diversity of fall webworm populations are longitude, the plain area ratio, annual precipitation, latitude and time of invasion. The formation of genetic structure is correlated with characteristics of the life history and invasion ecology of the species.
基金the Natural Science Foundation of Heilongjiang Province(LH2021C010)National Undergraduate Training Programs for Innovations(202110225005)Fundamental Research Fund for the Central Universities(2572022DS09,2572020DR09,2572020DR02).
文摘The steroid hormone 20-hydroxyecdysone(20E)has been described to regulate fat body lipid metabolism in insects,but its accurate regulatory mechanism,especially the crosstalk between 20E-induced lipid metabolism and gluconeogenesis remains largely unclear.Here,we specially investigated the effect of 20E on lipid metabolism and gluconeogenesis in the fat body of Hyphantria cunea larvae,a notorious pest in forestry.Lipidomics analysis showed that a total of 1907 lipid species were identified in the fat body of H.cunea larvae assigned to 6 groups and 48 lipid classes.The differentially abundant lipids analysis showed a significant difference between 20E-treated and control samples,indicating that 20E caused a remarkable alteration of lipidomics profiles in the fat body of H.cunea larvae.Further studies demonstrated that 20E accelerated fatty acidβ-oxidation,inhibited lipid synthesis,and promoted lipolysis.Meanwhile,the activities of pyruvate carboxylase,phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase,fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase,and glucose-6-phosphatase were dramatically suppressed by 20E in the fat body of H.cunea larvae.As well,the transcriptions of genes encoding these 4 rate-limiting gluconeogenic enzymes were significantly downregulated in the fat body of H.cunea larvae after treatment with 20E.Taken together,our results revealed that 20E disturbed fat body lipid homeostasis,accelerated fatty acidβ-oxidation and promoted lipolysis,but negatively regulated gluconeogenesis in H.cunea larvae.The findings might provide a new insight into hormonal regulation of glucose and lipid metabolism in insect fat body.
基金the National Key R&D Program of China(2018YFC1200400)the research and innovation project for College Graduates of Jiangsu Province(KYLX18_0957).
文摘Brachymeria lasus Walker is a solitary endoparasitoid that attacks the pupae of a wide range of lepidopteran hosts,including an important invasive species,the fall webworm(Hyphantria cunea Drury).We studied the relationship between temperature and development of B.lasus from egg to adult hatching.The results show a decrease in parasitoid development time from 34.4 days at 18°C to 10.6 days at 32°C.The minimum threshold temperature of B.lasus was 13.2°C±1.7°C,and the eff ective accumulated temperature was 210.3±28.7 degree days.These results provide a basis for optimizing the production of this parasitoid.In addition,the eff ects of host size on off spring performance of B.lasus were investigated under laboratory conditions.Off spring longevity,size,and percentage of females were positively correlated with host size.Female off spring are larger and live longer than males.Furthermore,this research showed that parasitoid adults successfully emerged from approximately 27.9%of pupae.However,eclosion or hatching of H.cunea decreased dramatically,which may be due to damage caused by female B.lasus when testing hosts with their ovipositors or by feeding on them.The results suggest that B.lasus has the potential to become an effi cient natural enemy for controlling H.cunea.
