Male-male vocal competition in anuran species may be influenced by cues related to the temporal sequence of male calls as well by internal temporal, spectral and spatial ones. Nevertheless, the conditions under which ...Male-male vocal competition in anuran species may be influenced by cues related to the temporal sequence of male calls as well by internal temporal, spectral and spatial ones. Nevertheless, the conditions under which each type of cue is important remain unclear. Since the salience of different cues could be reflected by dynamic properties of male-male competition under certain experimental manipulation, we investigated the effects of repeating playbacks of conspecific calls on male call production in the Emei music frog（Babina daunchina）. In Babina, most males produce calls from nest burrows which modify the spectral features of the cues. Females prefer calls produced from inside burrows which are defined as highly sexually attractive（HSA） while those produced outside burrows as low sexual attractiveness（LSA）. In this study HSA and LSA calls were broadcasted either antiphonally or stereophonically through spatially separated speakers in which the temporal sequence and/or spatial position of the playbacks was either predictable or random. Results showed that most males consistently avoided producing advertisement calls overlapping the playback stimuli and generally produced calls competitively in advance of the playbacks. Furthermore males preferentially competed with the HSA calls when the sequence was predictable but competed equally with HSA and LSA calls if the sequence was random regardless of the availability of spatial cues, implying that males relied more on available sequence cues than spatial ones to remain competitive.展开更多
Aims Terrestrial net primary production(NPP),the balance of gross primary production(GPP)and autotrophic respiration(AR),is a critical measure of carbon sequestration capacity for the Earth’s land surface.The aim of ...Aims Terrestrial net primary production(NPP),the balance of gross primary production(GPP)and autotrophic respiration(AR),is a critical measure of carbon sequestration capacity for the Earth’s land surface.The aim of this study was to understand the spatio-temporal variability of NPP associated with GPP and AR in the Yangtze River Basin(YRB),China,from 2000 to 2009 during which the basin warmed significantly.Methods We first derived AR and carbon-use efficiency(CUE)from the improved Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer GPP/NPP products(MOD17)and then conducted spatial analysis to quantify how NPP relates to GPP,AR and their relationship with key observed climate variables(temperature,precipitation and sunshine percentage)in the YRB during 2000–2009.Important Findings The spatial pattern of NPP in the YRB was predominantly determined by GPP and further modified by AR.Higher GPP and relatively low AR made the southern Jinshajiang sub-basin the most productive area in NPP in the YRB.A large portion of the YRB experienced a warmer and drier climate trend in the growing season during 2000–2009.In the upper reaches of the basin,possessing a relatively low temperature base,increases in temperature led to greater increases in GPP than those in AR,resulting in greater increased NPP.However,in the middle and lower reaches of the basin where the base temperature is relatively high,increases in temperature led to greater increases in AR than those in GPP,leading to decreases in NPP.Overall,86.7%of the vegetated area showed a consistent GPP and NPP trend through time with 71.3%of the vegetated area having a positive trend both in GPP and NPP,and the remaining 13.3%of vegetated areas showed an opposite trend in GPP and NPP,with positive GPP and negative NPP trajectories dominating(10.1%of vegetated area)the trend.Although climate warming generally had positive effects on vegetation growth in most areas of the basin,areas with increased NPP(74.5%)were less extensive than those with increased GPP(81.4%)due to the w展开更多
In tungara frogs, female mate choice requires remembering the location and/or calls of preferred males who advertise from fixed positions within a breeding pond. A previous study found that, when solving a place discr...In tungara frogs, female mate choice requires remembering the location and/or calls of preferred males who advertise from fixed positions within a breeding pond. A previous study found that, when solving a place discrimination task in the laboratory, female tCingara frogs were able to learn a visual cue to solve the task, whereas males were not. In that task, male performance appeared to be inhibited, in part, by their attempt to use egocentric cues. We tested whether the sex difference in place learning previously reported would generalize to other training parameters with different cues available by eliminating the potential to use egocentric cues and increasing the number of trials per day. As before, frogs were given a choice between a red or yellow door, one of which led to shelters and return to their home cage. In the current testing conditions, we detected a preference for the red door;thus, we only considered frogs rewarded to the yellow door. Training was associated with an in crease in correct choices and an in creased preference for the yellow door. However, there was no evide nee for a sex d iff ere nee in learni ng. In summary, un der the curre nt training conditions, we fou nd that the appare nt female advantage in place learning was no Ion ger evide nt. Future studies that in vestigate sex d iff ere nces in cue pref ere nee and/or ability to switch among cues will further illuminate the conditions under which sex differences in learning are manifest in tungara frogs.展开更多
Rigidity(or stiffness)of materials and extracellular matrix has proven to be one of the most significant extracellular physicochemical cues that can control diverse cell behaviors,such as contractility,motility,and sp...Rigidity(or stiffness)of materials and extracellular matrix has proven to be one of the most significant extracellular physicochemical cues that can control diverse cell behaviors,such as contractility,motility,and spreading,and the resultant pathophysiological phenomena.Many 2D materials engineered with tunable rigidity have enabled researchers to elucidate the roles of matrix biophysical cues in diverse cellular events,including migration,lineage specification,and mechanical memory.Moreover,the recent findings accumulated under 3D environments with viscoelastic and remodeling properties pointed to the importance of dynamically changing rigidity in cell fate control,tissue repair,and disease progression.Thus,here we aim to highlight the works related with material/matrix-rigidity-mediated cell and tissue behaviors,with a brief outlook into the studies on the effects of material/matrix rigidity on cell behaviors in 2D systems,further discussion of the events and considerations in tissue-mimicking 3D conditions,and then examination of the in vivo findings that concern material/matrix rigidity.The current discussion will help understand the material/matrix-rigidity-mediated biological phenomena and further leverage the concepts to find therapeutic targets and to design implantable materials for the treatment of damaged and diseased tissues.展开更多
The formation of self-care ability is the first step for children with autism to enter the society,and it is also a prerequisite and guarantee for their independent survival.This study aimed to explore the impact of v...The formation of self-care ability is the first step for children with autism to enter the society,and it is also a prerequisite and guarantee for their independent survival.This study aimed to explore the impact of visual cue strategies on the self-care ability of children with autism.Based on the ABA design of a single case study,this research conducted a four-month intervention on a seven-year-old child with autism via visual cue strategy as independent variables and sock-wearing skills as dependent variables,in order to explore the effect of visual cue strategy on self-care ability of children with autism.It turned out that visual cue strategy exerts a positive immediate sustained effect and social validity on the self-care ability of children with autism.Lastly,suggestions were provided for future related research based on the research process,results,and limitations.展开更多
A new type of light fiehl display is proposed using a head-mounted display （HMD） and a micro structure array （MSA, lens array or pinhole array）. Each rendering point emits abundant rays from different directions i...A new type of light fiehl display is proposed using a head-mounted display （HMD） and a micro structure array （MSA, lens array or pinhole array）. Each rendering point emits abundant rays from different directions into the viewer＇s pupil, and at one time the dense light field is generated inside the exit pupil of the HMD through the eyepiece. Therefore, the proposed method not only solves the problem of accommodation and convergence conflict in a traditional HMD, but also drastically reduces the huge data in real three-dimensional （3D） display. To demonstrate the proposed method, a prototype is developed, which is capable of giving the observer a real perception of depth.展开更多
基金supported by the grants from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.31372217 to Guangzhan Fang and No.31270042 to Jianguo Cui)the Youth Professor Project of Chengdu Institute of Biology(Y3B3011)Youth Innovation Promotion Association of Chinese Academy of Sciences(Y2C3011,KSCX2-EW-J-22)to Jianguo Cui
文摘Male-male vocal competition in anuran species may be influenced by cues related to the temporal sequence of male calls as well by internal temporal, spectral and spatial ones. Nevertheless, the conditions under which each type of cue is important remain unclear. Since the salience of different cues could be reflected by dynamic properties of male-male competition under certain experimental manipulation, we investigated the effects of repeating playbacks of conspecific calls on male call production in the Emei music frog（Babina daunchina）. In Babina, most males produce calls from nest burrows which modify the spectral features of the cues. Females prefer calls produced from inside burrows which are defined as highly sexually attractive（HSA） while those produced outside burrows as low sexual attractiveness（LSA）. In this study HSA and LSA calls were broadcasted either antiphonally or stereophonically through spatially separated speakers in which the temporal sequence and/or spatial position of the playbacks was either predictable or random. Results showed that most males consistently avoided producing advertisement calls overlapping the playback stimuli and generally produced calls competitively in advance of the playbacks. Furthermore males preferentially competed with the HSA calls when the sequence was predictable but competed equally with HSA and LSA calls if the sequence was random regardless of the availability of spatial cues, implying that males relied more on available sequence cues than spatial ones to remain competitive.
基金The National Natural Science Foundation of China(31130010)The Chinese Academy of Sciences(XDA05060500).
文摘Aims Terrestrial net primary production(NPP),the balance of gross primary production(GPP)and autotrophic respiration(AR),is a critical measure of carbon sequestration capacity for the Earth’s land surface.The aim of this study was to understand the spatio-temporal variability of NPP associated with GPP and AR in the Yangtze River Basin(YRB),China,from 2000 to 2009 during which the basin warmed significantly.Methods We first derived AR and carbon-use efficiency(CUE)from the improved Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer GPP/NPP products(MOD17)and then conducted spatial analysis to quantify how NPP relates to GPP,AR and their relationship with key observed climate variables(temperature,precipitation and sunshine percentage)in the YRB during 2000–2009.Important Findings The spatial pattern of NPP in the YRB was predominantly determined by GPP and further modified by AR.Higher GPP and relatively low AR made the southern Jinshajiang sub-basin the most productive area in NPP in the YRB.A large portion of the YRB experienced a warmer and drier climate trend in the growing season during 2000–2009.In the upper reaches of the basin,possessing a relatively low temperature base,increases in temperature led to greater increases in GPP than those in AR,resulting in greater increased NPP.However,in the middle and lower reaches of the basin where the base temperature is relatively high,increases in temperature led to greater increases in AR than those in GPP,leading to decreases in NPP.Overall,86.7%of the vegetated area showed a consistent GPP and NPP trend through time with 71.3%of the vegetated area having a positive trend both in GPP and NPP,and the remaining 13.3%of vegetated areas showed an opposite trend in GPP and NPP,with positive GPP and negative NPP trajectories dominating(10.1%of vegetated area)the trend.Although climate warming generally had positive effects on vegetation growth in most areas of the basin,areas with increased NPP(74.5%)were less extensive than those with increased GPP(81.4%)due to the w
文摘In tungara frogs, female mate choice requires remembering the location and/or calls of preferred males who advertise from fixed positions within a breeding pond. A previous study found that, when solving a place discrimination task in the laboratory, female tCingara frogs were able to learn a visual cue to solve the task, whereas males were not. In that task, male performance appeared to be inhibited, in part, by their attempt to use egocentric cues. We tested whether the sex difference in place learning previously reported would generalize to other training parameters with different cues available by eliminating the potential to use egocentric cues and increasing the number of trials per day. As before, frogs were given a choice between a red or yellow door, one of which led to shelters and return to their home cage. In the current testing conditions, we detected a preference for the red door;thus, we only considered frogs rewarded to the yellow door. Training was associated with an in crease in correct choices and an in creased preference for the yellow door. However, there was no evide nee for a sex d iff ere nee in learni ng. In summary, un der the curre nt training conditions, we fou nd that the appare nt female advantage in place learning was no Ion ger evide nt. Future studies that in vestigate sex d iff ere nces in cue pref ere nee and/or ability to switch among cues will further illuminate the conditions under which sex differences in learning are manifest in tungara frogs.
基金supported by the grants(2021R1A5A2022318,2019R1C1C1002490,2018R1A2B3003446,2018K1A4A3A01064257,2019R1A6A1A11034536),National Research Foundation,Republic of Korea.
文摘Rigidity(or stiffness)of materials and extracellular matrix has proven to be one of the most significant extracellular physicochemical cues that can control diverse cell behaviors,such as contractility,motility,and spreading,and the resultant pathophysiological phenomena.Many 2D materials engineered with tunable rigidity have enabled researchers to elucidate the roles of matrix biophysical cues in diverse cellular events,including migration,lineage specification,and mechanical memory.Moreover,the recent findings accumulated under 3D environments with viscoelastic and remodeling properties pointed to the importance of dynamically changing rigidity in cell fate control,tissue repair,and disease progression.Thus,here we aim to highlight the works related with material/matrix-rigidity-mediated cell and tissue behaviors,with a brief outlook into the studies on the effects of material/matrix rigidity on cell behaviors in 2D systems,further discussion of the events and considerations in tissue-mimicking 3D conditions,and then examination of the in vivo findings that concern material/matrix rigidity.The current discussion will help understand the material/matrix-rigidity-mediated biological phenomena and further leverage the concepts to find therapeutic targets and to design implantable materials for the treatment of damaged and diseased tissues.
基金Philosophy and Social Science Planning Project(Zhanjiang,2023):Research on School Adaptation Situation and Influencing Factors of Children with Autism Learning in Regular Class(ZJ23YB60)Peak-Building Project for the High-Quality Development of Basic Education(Lingnan Normal University,2023):Research on School Adaptation Situation and Influencing Factors of Preschool Children with Autism(JCJYZD202303)。
文摘The formation of self-care ability is the first step for children with autism to enter the society,and it is also a prerequisite and guarantee for their independent survival.This study aimed to explore the impact of visual cue strategies on the self-care ability of children with autism.Based on the ABA design of a single case study,this research conducted a four-month intervention on a seven-year-old child with autism via visual cue strategy as independent variables and sock-wearing skills as dependent variables,in order to explore the effect of visual cue strategy on self-care ability of children with autism.It turned out that visual cue strategy exerts a positive immediate sustained effect and social validity on the self-care ability of children with autism.Lastly,suggestions were provided for future related research based on the research process,results,and limitations.
基金partially supported by the National Basic Research Program of China(No.2013CB328805)the National Science Foundation of China(NSFC,No.61205024,61178038)the National Key Technology R&D Program(No.2012BAH64F03)
文摘A new type of light fiehl display is proposed using a head-mounted display （HMD） and a micro structure array （MSA, lens array or pinhole array）. Each rendering point emits abundant rays from different directions into the viewer＇s pupil, and at one time the dense light field is generated inside the exit pupil of the HMD through the eyepiece. Therefore, the proposed method not only solves the problem of accommodation and convergence conflict in a traditional HMD, but also drastically reduces the huge data in real three-dimensional （3D） display. To demonstrate the proposed method, a prototype is developed, which is capable of giving the observer a real perception of depth.
