【目的】研究燕麦/箭筈豌豆混播及燕麦单播草地产量和水分利用对施肥的响应,以探明混播及施肥影响人工草地水分利用的效应及机理,并提出青藏高原荒漠草原区水分高效利用的栽培草地播种和施肥模式。【方法】大田试验于2017年和2018年在...【目的】研究燕麦/箭筈豌豆混播及燕麦单播草地产量和水分利用对施肥的响应,以探明混播及施肥影响人工草地水分利用的效应及机理,并提出青藏高原荒漠草原区水分高效利用的栽培草地播种和施肥模式。【方法】大田试验于2017年和2018年在青海省乌兰县金泰牧场开展,试验设置2个种植方式,分别为燕麦/箭筈豌豆混播和燕麦单播,设置2个施肥水平,分别为高肥(120 kg N·hm^(-2), 103 kg P_2O_5·hm^(-2))和低肥(60 kg N·hm^(-2), 51.5 kg P_2O_5·hm^(-2)),共4个试验处理,完全随机区组设计。所有处理在春季播种前进行灌溉,生育期无灌溉。试验测定指标包括主要生育时期人工草地地上生物量、植株氮含量、土壤体积含水量等,计算指标包括牧草生育期内耗水量、干物质水分利用效率和粗蛋白水分利用效率。【结果】通过混播和施肥均可大幅提高草地产量,2017年和2018年高肥处理干物质产量比低肥处理分别提高34.7%和9.7%,粗蛋白产量分别提高41.3%和20.4%,混播处理干物质产量比单播处理分别提高14.4%和9.2%,粗蛋白产量分别提高74.7%和62.9%。混播高肥处理产量为所有处理中最高,2017年收获期干物质和粗蛋白产量分别为10 251.7和827.2 kg·hm^(-2),2018年分别为7 589.3和570.2 kg·hm^(-2)。通过增施化肥增加了草地的水分消耗,同时大幅度提高了草地水分利用效率。2017和2018年两个生长季中高肥处理牧草耗水量分别比低肥处理增加6.2%和4.3%,干物质水分利用效率提高了21.0%和4.9%,粗蛋白水分利用效率提高了30.1%和17.4%。通过混播也增加了草地的耗水量,对草地的干物质水分利用效率影响不显著,但大幅提高了蛋白质水分利用效率。2017和2018年混播草地耗水量分别比单播处增加17.9%和9.2%,干物质水分利用效率比单播处理提高-5.9%和0.5%,粗蛋白水分利用效率比单播处理提高46.7%和51.3%。【结论】通过混播和合展开更多
我国盐碱地分布广、面积大。在盐碱地选种有饲料价值的作物,实现种养循环,对推动我国草食畜牧业的发展及盐碱地改良具有重要意义。本研究分别在天津滨海盐碱地(NaCl型)和新疆西北内陆盐碱地(Na_(2)SO_(4)-NaHCO_(3)型)选取盐碱度差异大...我国盐碱地分布广、面积大。在盐碱地选种有饲料价值的作物,实现种养循环,对推动我国草食畜牧业的发展及盐碱地改良具有重要意义。本研究分别在天津滨海盐碱地(NaCl型)和新疆西北内陆盐碱地(Na_(2)SO_(4)-NaHCO_(3)型)选取盐碱度差异大的地块,种植具有饲料价值的玉米、高粱、小麦、谷子、大豆、油菜等大田作物,测定生物学产量、植株粗蛋白含量、钠离子、钾离子含量等指标。结果表明,在NaCl型和Na_(2)SO_(4)-NaHCO_(3)型盐碱地,当其含盐量分别低于1.82 g kg^(–1)和2.00 g kg^(–1)时,各作物生物学及蛋白质产量均与常规耕地接近,可作为饲料生产基地加以利用;当Na_(2)SO_(4)-NaHCO_(3)型盐碱地含盐量达2.49 g kg^(–1)时,油菜生物学及蛋白质产量均显著高于其他作物,因此可种植油菜作饲料开发利用;当NaCl型和Na_(2)SO_(4)-NaHCO_(3)型盐碱地含盐量分别达3.63 g kg^(–1)和4.42 g kg^(–1)时,各作物生物学及蛋白质产量均低于常规耕地的51.72%,利用价值低,建议改良后利用。在两试验点的不同地块,油菜对土壤Na^(+)的富集量均显著高于其他作物(P<0.05),同时也显著降低了土壤全盐量和Na^(+)含量。本试验中,在含盐量分别为1.82、2.00、2.49 g kg^(–1)的地块中,油菜富集Na^(+)效果最为明显,油菜对土壤Na^(+)的富集量分别为39.45、102.24、57.19 kg hm^(-2),分别占0~20 cm耕层土壤Na^(+)的13.02%、15.99%、8.94%,盐碱地改良效果显著。上述结果为利用我国盐碱地进行草食饲料原料生产,促进草食畜牧业发展及盐碱地改良提供了参考。展开更多
Grazing exclusion (GE) is the most effective rangeland restoration technique which facilitates species diversity and forage quality. This study aimed at assessing short-term impact of GE and continuously grazed rangel...Grazing exclusion (GE) is the most effective rangeland restoration technique which facilitates species diversity and forage quality. This study aimed at assessing short-term impact of GE and continuously grazed rangeland on relative frequency, dry matter yield and nutritive value of dominant grasses in an area invaded by Euryops floribundus. A plot of 2.5 ha was measured and the boundaries demarcated using tape measure and steal pins, the plot was further divided into two subplots of 1ha each which were 5 m apart. One subplot was fenced and protected from grazing livestock, while one subplot was grazed continuously and not fenced. Three parallel belt transects of 100 m × 2 m with 3 m apart were laid out in both subplots. Woody plants occurring within the transects were identified and recorded to determine density. In each subplot, a 0.25 m<sup>2</sup> quadrant measuring was thrown randomly to take detailed records on plant species, relative frequency of species and herbage biomass. Four dominant species at the two sites were harvested to determine the nutritive value. Results indicate that grazing exclusion (GE) facilitates grass species diversity, subsequently sixteen and thirteen grasses species were recorded in the GE and uncontrolled grazed (UG) sites, respectively. Eragrostis chloromelas (21.7%), and Themeda triandra (13.2%) had high relative frequencies in the GE site. Highest biomass production was recorded in the GE site (1400 kg·ha<sup>-1</sup>) compared to UG site (1102 kg·ha<sup>-1</sup>). Crude protein content was relatively lower at UG site (5.4% - 5.8%) as compared to GE site (7.2% - 7.8%). It was concluded that, GE showed a positive impact on a relative frequency (%), dry matter yield and crude protein content. UG creates a conducive environment for Euryops recruitment. Further studies are required to examine the impact of GE in long-term trial setup.展开更多
Mixtures composed of five wheat cultivars,Jingshuang 16,Jing 411,Jingdong 8,Lunxuan 987,and Baofeng 104,with different levels of resistance against powdery mildew were tested for their potential containment of the dis...Mixtures composed of five wheat cultivars,Jingshuang 16,Jing 411,Jingdong 8,Lunxuan 987,and Baofeng 104,with different levels of resistance against powdery mildew were tested for their potential containment of the disease development in the field and for the influence on grain yield and the content of crude protein in the years 2007 and 2010.The plots were inoculated artificially with mixed isolates collected in the fields and propagated in the greenhouse and the disease was scored in 7 d interval during the two growing seasons.It was indicated that certain combinations,e.g.,Jingdong 8：Lunxuan 987,Jingdong 8：Baofeng 104,and Jing 411：Jingdong 8：Baofeng 104,showed positive efficacy on the mildew.The cultivar combinations tested in 2007 showed increase of grain yield,while most of the combinations tested in 2010 did not show the increase.The differences of the increases or decreases were not statistically significant except combinations Jing 411：Jingdong 8：Baofeng104,Jingshuang16：Jingdong8：Lunxuang 987 and Jingshuang 16：Jingdong 8：Lunxuan 987：Baofeng 104,which showed the decrease of the grain yield.The mixtures did not show influence on the content of crude protein in grain.More cultivar combinations need to be tested.展开更多
Background:Despite high nutritional and economic value,alfalfa yield has not been improved in the United States.Soil moisture critically influences alfalfa's yield and quality,affecting its physiological processes...Background:Despite high nutritional and economic value,alfalfa yield has not been improved in the United States.Soil moisture critically influences alfalfa's yield and quality,affecting its physiological processes,nutrient uptake,and stand growth.Additionally,the maturity stage at harvest can significantly impact both hay yield and quality.Thus,this study aimed to assess the effect of different soil moisture levels and harvesting times on forage yield,nutritive value,and the overall profitability of commercially cultivated alfalfa.Methods:Two conventional and three lower-lignin alfalfa varieties were planted in a randomized complete block with split plot design under drought,rainfed,and irrigation conditions in 2020 in Manhattan,Kansas,USA.The dry matter yield(DMY)and forage nutritive value were evaluated at late bud,early flowering,and 7 days after early flowering stages,respectively.Results:DMY varied with production year,soil water availability,and growth stages,with drought conditions causing a decline in DMY of 5%to 38%in the second production year.Water conditions and maturity stages influenced crude protein(CP)and in vitro dry matter digestibility(IVDMD).Higher soil moisture and advancing maturity stages negatively impacted CP,IVDMD,and relative forage quality.The study revealed net profit margins of 62%,64%,and 52%for drought-prone,rainfed,and irrigated production,respectively.Conclusions:Harvest timing and irrigation practices were found to have substantial implications for forage yield and nutritive value of alfalfa.The yield-quality trade-off differed under drought and irrigation,with early harvesting leading to lower yields but higher protein content and digestibility.The study findings provide potential guidance for improving alfalfa hay yield,quality,and profitability.展开更多
文摘【目的】研究燕麦/箭筈豌豆混播及燕麦单播草地产量和水分利用对施肥的响应,以探明混播及施肥影响人工草地水分利用的效应及机理,并提出青藏高原荒漠草原区水分高效利用的栽培草地播种和施肥模式。【方法】大田试验于2017年和2018年在青海省乌兰县金泰牧场开展,试验设置2个种植方式,分别为燕麦/箭筈豌豆混播和燕麦单播,设置2个施肥水平,分别为高肥(120 kg N·hm^(-2), 103 kg P_2O_5·hm^(-2))和低肥(60 kg N·hm^(-2), 51.5 kg P_2O_5·hm^(-2)),共4个试验处理,完全随机区组设计。所有处理在春季播种前进行灌溉,生育期无灌溉。试验测定指标包括主要生育时期人工草地地上生物量、植株氮含量、土壤体积含水量等,计算指标包括牧草生育期内耗水量、干物质水分利用效率和粗蛋白水分利用效率。【结果】通过混播和施肥均可大幅提高草地产量,2017年和2018年高肥处理干物质产量比低肥处理分别提高34.7%和9.7%,粗蛋白产量分别提高41.3%和20.4%,混播处理干物质产量比单播处理分别提高14.4%和9.2%,粗蛋白产量分别提高74.7%和62.9%。混播高肥处理产量为所有处理中最高,2017年收获期干物质和粗蛋白产量分别为10 251.7和827.2 kg·hm^(-2),2018年分别为7 589.3和570.2 kg·hm^(-2)。通过增施化肥增加了草地的水分消耗,同时大幅度提高了草地水分利用效率。2017和2018年两个生长季中高肥处理牧草耗水量分别比低肥处理增加6.2%和4.3%,干物质水分利用效率提高了21.0%和4.9%,粗蛋白水分利用效率提高了30.1%和17.4%。通过混播也增加了草地的耗水量,对草地的干物质水分利用效率影响不显著,但大幅提高了蛋白质水分利用效率。2017和2018年混播草地耗水量分别比单播处增加17.9%和9.2%,干物质水分利用效率比单播处理提高-5.9%和0.5%,粗蛋白水分利用效率比单播处理提高46.7%和51.3%。【结论】通过混播和合
文摘我国盐碱地分布广、面积大。在盐碱地选种有饲料价值的作物,实现种养循环,对推动我国草食畜牧业的发展及盐碱地改良具有重要意义。本研究分别在天津滨海盐碱地(NaCl型)和新疆西北内陆盐碱地(Na_(2)SO_(4)-NaHCO_(3)型)选取盐碱度差异大的地块,种植具有饲料价值的玉米、高粱、小麦、谷子、大豆、油菜等大田作物,测定生物学产量、植株粗蛋白含量、钠离子、钾离子含量等指标。结果表明,在NaCl型和Na_(2)SO_(4)-NaHCO_(3)型盐碱地,当其含盐量分别低于1.82 g kg^(–1)和2.00 g kg^(–1)时,各作物生物学及蛋白质产量均与常规耕地接近,可作为饲料生产基地加以利用;当Na_(2)SO_(4)-NaHCO_(3)型盐碱地含盐量达2.49 g kg^(–1)时,油菜生物学及蛋白质产量均显著高于其他作物,因此可种植油菜作饲料开发利用;当NaCl型和Na_(2)SO_(4)-NaHCO_(3)型盐碱地含盐量分别达3.63 g kg^(–1)和4.42 g kg^(–1)时,各作物生物学及蛋白质产量均低于常规耕地的51.72%,利用价值低,建议改良后利用。在两试验点的不同地块,油菜对土壤Na^(+)的富集量均显著高于其他作物(P<0.05),同时也显著降低了土壤全盐量和Na^(+)含量。本试验中,在含盐量分别为1.82、2.00、2.49 g kg^(–1)的地块中,油菜富集Na^(+)效果最为明显,油菜对土壤Na^(+)的富集量分别为39.45、102.24、57.19 kg hm^(-2),分别占0~20 cm耕层土壤Na^(+)的13.02%、15.99%、8.94%,盐碱地改良效果显著。上述结果为利用我国盐碱地进行草食饲料原料生产,促进草食畜牧业发展及盐碱地改良提供了参考。
文摘Grazing exclusion (GE) is the most effective rangeland restoration technique which facilitates species diversity and forage quality. This study aimed at assessing short-term impact of GE and continuously grazed rangeland on relative frequency, dry matter yield and nutritive value of dominant grasses in an area invaded by Euryops floribundus. A plot of 2.5 ha was measured and the boundaries demarcated using tape measure and steal pins, the plot was further divided into two subplots of 1ha each which were 5 m apart. One subplot was fenced and protected from grazing livestock, while one subplot was grazed continuously and not fenced. Three parallel belt transects of 100 m × 2 m with 3 m apart were laid out in both subplots. Woody plants occurring within the transects were identified and recorded to determine density. In each subplot, a 0.25 m<sup>2</sup> quadrant measuring was thrown randomly to take detailed records on plant species, relative frequency of species and herbage biomass. Four dominant species at the two sites were harvested to determine the nutritive value. Results indicate that grazing exclusion (GE) facilitates grass species diversity, subsequently sixteen and thirteen grasses species were recorded in the GE and uncontrolled grazed (UG) sites, respectively. Eragrostis chloromelas (21.7%), and Themeda triandra (13.2%) had high relative frequencies in the GE site. Highest biomass production was recorded in the GE site (1400 kg·ha<sup>-1</sup>) compared to UG site (1102 kg·ha<sup>-1</sup>). Crude protein content was relatively lower at UG site (5.4% - 5.8%) as compared to GE site (7.2% - 7.8%). It was concluded that, GE showed a positive impact on a relative frequency (%), dry matter yield and crude protein content. UG creates a conducive environment for Euryops recruitment. Further studies are required to examine the impact of GE in long-term trial setup.
基金supported by the National Basic Research Program of China(2006CB100203 and 2011CB100403)the Key Technology R & D Program of China during the 11th Five-Year Plan period(2006BAD08A05)the Special Fund for Agro-Scientific Research in the Public Interest,China(3-15)
文摘Mixtures composed of five wheat cultivars,Jingshuang 16,Jing 411,Jingdong 8,Lunxuan 987,and Baofeng 104,with different levels of resistance against powdery mildew were tested for their potential containment of the disease development in the field and for the influence on grain yield and the content of crude protein in the years 2007 and 2010.The plots were inoculated artificially with mixed isolates collected in the fields and propagated in the greenhouse and the disease was scored in 7 d interval during the two growing seasons.It was indicated that certain combinations,e.g.,Jingdong 8：Lunxuan 987,Jingdong 8：Baofeng 104,and Jing 411：Jingdong 8：Baofeng 104,showed positive efficacy on the mildew.The cultivar combinations tested in 2007 showed increase of grain yield,while most of the combinations tested in 2010 did not show the increase.The differences of the increases or decreases were not statistically significant except combinations Jing 411：Jingdong 8：Baofeng104,Jingshuang16：Jingdong8：Lunxuang 987 and Jingshuang 16：Jingdong 8：Lunxuan 987：Baofeng 104,which showed the decrease of the grain yield.The mixtures did not show influence on the content of crude protein in grain.More cultivar combinations need to be tested.
基金US Department of Agriculture,National Institute of Food and Agriculture,Grant/Award Number:2019-70005-30238。
文摘Background:Despite high nutritional and economic value,alfalfa yield has not been improved in the United States.Soil moisture critically influences alfalfa's yield and quality,affecting its physiological processes,nutrient uptake,and stand growth.Additionally,the maturity stage at harvest can significantly impact both hay yield and quality.Thus,this study aimed to assess the effect of different soil moisture levels and harvesting times on forage yield,nutritive value,and the overall profitability of commercially cultivated alfalfa.Methods:Two conventional and three lower-lignin alfalfa varieties were planted in a randomized complete block with split plot design under drought,rainfed,and irrigation conditions in 2020 in Manhattan,Kansas,USA.The dry matter yield(DMY)and forage nutritive value were evaluated at late bud,early flowering,and 7 days after early flowering stages,respectively.Results:DMY varied with production year,soil water availability,and growth stages,with drought conditions causing a decline in DMY of 5%to 38%in the second production year.Water conditions and maturity stages influenced crude protein(CP)and in vitro dry matter digestibility(IVDMD).Higher soil moisture and advancing maturity stages negatively impacted CP,IVDMD,and relative forage quality.The study revealed net profit margins of 62%,64%,and 52%for drought-prone,rainfed,and irrigated production,respectively.Conclusions:Harvest timing and irrigation practices were found to have substantial implications for forage yield and nutritive value of alfalfa.The yield-quality trade-off differed under drought and irrigation,with early harvesting leading to lower yields but higher protein content and digestibility.The study findings provide potential guidance for improving alfalfa hay yield,quality,and profitability.
