Objective:To evaluate the in vitro activities of the ethyl acetate(EA) fraction of Houttuynia cordata(H.cordata) Thunb.(Saururaceae) and three of its constituent flavonoids(quercetin.quercitrin and rutin) against muri...Objective:To evaluate the in vitro activities of the ethyl acetate(EA) fraction of Houttuynia cordata(H.cordata) Thunb.(Saururaceae) and three of its constituent flavonoids(quercetin.quercitrin and rutin) against murine coronavirus and dengue virus(DENV).Methods:The antiviral activities of various concentrations of the EA fraction of H.cordata and flavonoids were assessed using virus neutralization tests against mouse hepatitis virus(MHV) and DENV type 2(DENV-2).Cinanserin hydrochloride was also tested against MHV.The EA fraction of H.cordata was tested for acute oral toxicity in C57BL/6 mice.Results:The EA fraction of H.cordata inhibited viral infectivity up to 6 d.Cinanserin hydrochloride was able to inhibit MHV for only 2 d.The 50%inhibitory concentrations(IC_(50)) of the EA fraction of H.cordata added before the viral adsorption stage were 0.98 μg/mL for MHV and 7.50 μg/mL for DENV-2with absence of cytotoxicity.The mice fed with the EA fraction up to 2 000 mg/kg did not induce any signs of acute toxicity,with normal histological features of major organs.Certain flavonoids exhibited comparatively weaker antiviral activity,notably quercetin which could inhibit both MHV and DENV-2.This was followed by quercitrin which could inhibit DENV-2but not MHV,whereas rutin did not exert any inhibitory effect on either virus.When quercetin was combined with quercitrin,enhancement of anti-DENV-2 activity and reduced cytotoxicity were observed.However,the synergistic efficacy of the flavonoid combination was still less than that of the EA fraction.Conclusions:The compounds in H.cordata contribute to the superior antiviral efficacy of the EA fraction which lacked cytotoxicity in vitro and acute toxicity in vim.H.cordata has much potential for the development of antiviral agents against coronavirus and dengue infections.展开更多
Flavonoids are one main kind of effective components in Houttuynia cordata Thunb., which display a wide range of pharmacological activity. In this study supercritical fluid extraction （SFE） with carbon dioxide was f...Flavonoids are one main kind of effective components in Houttuynia cordata Thunb., which display a wide range of pharmacological activity. In this study supercritical fluid extraction （SFE） with carbon dioxide was first used as preparat ion step to remove the volatile components, which are also active components, from Hout-tuynia cordata Thunb. Then ultrasound-assisted extraction was used to obtain the crude flavonoids and the macro-porous resin adsorption technology was further employed to purify the flavonoids. Nine kinds of macroporous resins with different properties were tested through static adsorption, and one macroporous resin labeled as D101 was selected. The effect of several factors, such as the ratio of column height to diameter, initial concentration and pH, on both flavonoids yield and content were explored by dynamic adsorption to obtain reasonable conditions of adsorption and desorption. The experimental results show that the content of fiavonoids can be above 60% with fia- vonoids recovery of 93.3 % under the optimum conditions of purification. HPLC analysis of the final flavonoids product shows it contains quercitrin, hypefin, rutin and quercetin.展开更多
Houttuynia cordata polysaccharide(HCP) is extracted from Houttuynia cordata, a key traditional Chinese medicine. The study was to investigate the effects of HCP on intestinal barrier and microbiota in H1N1 virus infec...Houttuynia cordata polysaccharide(HCP) is extracted from Houttuynia cordata, a key traditional Chinese medicine. The study was to investigate the effects of HCP on intestinal barrier and microbiota in H1N1 virus infected mice. Mice were infected with H1N1 virus and orally administrated HCP at a dosage of 40 mg×kg^(–1)×d^(–1). H1N1 infection caused pulmonary and intestinal injury and gut microbiota imbalance. HCP significantly suppressed the expression of hypoxia inducible factor-1α and decreased mucosubstances in goblet cells, but restored the level of zonula occludens-1 in intestine. HCP also reversed the composition change of intestinal microbiota caused by H1N1 infection, with significantly reduced relative abundances of Vibrio and Bacillus, the pathogenic bacterial genera. Furthermore, HCP rebalanced the gut microbiota and restored the intestinal homeostasis to some degree. The inhibition of inflammation was associated with the reduced level of Toll-like receptors and interleukin-1β in intestine, as well as the increased production of interleukin-10. Oral administration of HCP alleviated lung injury and intestinal dysfunction caused by H1N1 infection. HCP may gain systemic treatment by local acting on intestine and microbiota. This study proved the high-value application of HCP.展开更多
The overuse of antibiotics in animal agriculture and medicine has caused a series of potential threats to public health. Macleaya cordata is a medicinal plant species from the Papaveraceae family, providing a safe res...The overuse of antibiotics in animal agriculture and medicine has caused a series of potential threats to public health. Macleaya cordata is a medicinal plant species from the Papaveraceae family, providing a safe resource for the manufacture of antimicrobial feed additive for livestock. The active constituents from M. cordata are known to include benzylisoquinoline alkaloids （BIAs） such as sanguinarine （SAN） and chelerythrine （CHE）, but their metabolic pathways have yet to be studied in this non-model plant. The active biosynthesis of SAN and CHE in M. cordata was first examined and confirmed by feeding ^13C-labeled tyrosine. To gain further insights, we de novo sequenced the whole genome of M. cordata, the first to be sequenced from the Papaveraceae family. The M. cordata genome covering 378 Mb encodes 22,328 predicted protein-coding genes with 43.5% being transposable elements. As a member of basal eudicot, M. cordata genome lacks the paleohexaploidy event that occurred in almost all eudicots. From the genomics data, a complete set of 16 metabolic genes for SAN and CHE biosynthesis was retrieved, and 14 of their biochemical activities were validated. These genomics and metabolic data show the conserved BIA metabolic pathways in M. cordata and provide the knowledge foundation for future productions of SAN and CHE by crop improvement or microbial pathway reconstruction.展开更多
Houttuynia cordata Thunb. is a traditional herb used for clearing heat and eliminating toxins,and has also been used for the treatment of severe acute respiratory syndrome(SARS). In vitro, the crude H. cordata polysac...Houttuynia cordata Thunb. is a traditional herb used for clearing heat and eliminating toxins,and has also been used for the treatment of severe acute respiratory syndrome(SARS). In vitro, the crude H. cordata polysaccharides(CHCP) exhibited potent anti-complementary activity through both the classical and alternative pathways by acting on components C3 and C4 of the complement system without interfering with the coagulation system. This study was to investigate the preventive effects of CHCP on acute lung injury(ALI) induced by hemorrhagic shock plus lipopolysaccharide(LPS) instillation(two-hit)and LPS-induced fever in rats. CHCP significantly attenuated pulmonary injury in the "two-hit" ALI model by reducing pulmonary edema and protein exudation in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid(BALF). In addition, it reduced the deposit of complement activation products in the lung and improved oxidantantioxidant imbalance. Moreover, CHCP administration inhibited fever in rats, reduced the number of leukocytes and restored serum complement levels. The inhibition on the inappropriate activation of complement system by CHCP may play an important role in its beneficial effects on inflammatory diseases. The anti-complementary polysaccharides are likely to be among the key substances for the heatclearing function of H. cordata.展开更多
This study examines the effects of dietary Macleaya cordata extract(MCE) on bacterial burden and resistance to enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli(ETEC) in ICR mice. ICR mice were randomly distributed into one of the fol...This study examines the effects of dietary Macleaya cordata extract(MCE) on bacterial burden and resistance to enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli(ETEC) in ICR mice. ICR mice were randomly distributed into one of the following groups:(i) basal diet;(ii)basal diet with 200 mg kg–1 MCE;(iii) basal diet challenged with ETEC;and(iv) basal diet with 200 mg kg–1 MCE and challenged with ETEC. Following a 7-day period of pre-treatment, CTRL-ETEC and MCE-ETEC mice were subjected to oral infection using 5×108 E. coli SEC 470. The results showed dietary 200 mg kg–1 MCE markedly reduced intestinal ETEC burden(P<0.05) and the disease-associated mortality was significantly alleviated in the MCE treated group(P<0.05). In addition,dietary MCE markedly alleviated ETEC-induced oxidative stress, evidenced by the lowered methane dicarboxylic aldehyde(MDA) abundance and enhanced activities of catalase and glutathione peroxidase(P<0.05). Furthermore, MCE mice exhibited higher immune activity, which might have further mediated ETEC infection. These results indicate MCE plays a preventative role with respect to ETEC infection. Future research should aim to develop MCE as a therapeutic approach to the promotion of intestinal health and a safeguard against ETEC infection.展开更多
Houttuynia cordata Thunb is an important medicinal plant widely distributed in East Asia. The collected information is an attempt to cover recent developments in the pharmacology, phytochemistry and quality control of...Houttuynia cordata Thunb is an important medicinal plant widely distributed in East Asia. The collected information is an attempt to cover recent developments in the pharmacology, phytochemistry and quality control of this species. During the past several decades, the medicinally important phyto-constituents have been identified including essential oil, flavonoids and other polyphenols, fatty acids and alkaloids. A survey of the literatures shows H. cordata possesses a variety of pharmacological activities including antiviral, antitumor, antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidative effects. Little attempt has been done to review the techniques used for its quality control. Future efforts should concentrate more on in vitro, in vivo studies and clinical trials in order to confirm traditional wisdom in the light of a rational phytotherapy. The information summarized here is intended to serve as a reference tool to practitioners in the fields of ethnopharmacology and natural products chemistry.展开更多
Chlortetracycline （CTC）, one kind of common antibiotic for prevention and treatment of various diseases, also exhibits good performance in accelerating the growth of livestock. Macleaya cordata, a traditional Chines...Chlortetracycline （CTC）, one kind of common antibiotic for prevention and treatment of various diseases, also exhibits good performance in accelerating the growth of livestock. Macleaya cordata, a traditional Chinese medicine, is usually used as a natural additive in livestock because of its anti-microbial, anti-fungal, anti-inflammatory, and pesticidal activity. In this work, we studied whether M. cordata helps regulate the growth-promoting effect of CTC on broiler chickens. It is demonstrated that M. cordata improves the growth-promoting effect of CTC on growth per- formance indices of broiler chickens, such as survival rate, daily weight, and feed to weight rate. M. cordata also delays the maximum of CTC residues in plasma. It may depend on the higher values of operational taxonomic unit （OTU） and the indices of o diversity driven by simultaneous use of CTC and M. cordata.展开更多
The aim of this study was to assess the effects of Sangrovit?, a standardized preparation of Macleaya cordata extract (MCE), on the health status and performance in weaned piglets. A total of 128 weaned piglets were r...The aim of this study was to assess the effects of Sangrovit?, a standardized preparation of Macleaya cordata extract (MCE), on the health status and performance in weaned piglets. A total of 128 weaned piglets were randomly divided into four groups (n = 32, 16/sex/group) and fed either a control feed (T1) or the control feed supplemented with 100 mg/kg (T2), 500 mg/kg (T3), or 1000 mg/kg (T4) Sangrovit? (resulting in 0, 3.5, 17.5, 35 mg MCE/kg feed, respectively) for ninety days. The parameters for growth and health status were evaluated during the trial and blood was collected on Day 0 and Day 91 for hematology and biochemistry analysis. After the animals were sacrificed, the weight of the major organs and tissues was measured and histopathological examination on the organs from 8 animals in each group (4/sex/group) was performed. The results showed no statistically significant differences in live weight, feed intake, and average daily weight gain between the treatment and control groups. The feed containing 100, 500, or 1000 mg/kg Sangrovit? was well tolerated by piglets, with no adverse effects noted during the feeding period or in the histopathological results. The majority of the hematological and blood biochemistry parameters displayed no significant changes between the control and treatment groups. Compared to the control group, some hematological parameters including MCV, platelets concentration, and APTT were modified in some but not all treatment groups. Some significant changes in the blood biochemistry parameters were found in the treatment groups including levels in bile acid, haptoglobin, total serum protein, and GTT, as well as creatine kinase activity, but those changes were not toxicologically significant because no observed changes were seen in other similar biomarkers. In sum, this study demonstrated that the addition of Sangrovit? to swine feed at up to 1000 mg/kg does not result in any toxicological effects to the health status and growth of weaned piglets.展开更多
A reliable ultrasound-assisted extraction （UAE） method combined with HPLC-UV for quantification of eight active alkaloids in fruits of Macleaya cordata （Willd） R. Br. was developed. The optimization conditions of ...A reliable ultrasound-assisted extraction （UAE） method combined with HPLC-UV for quantification of eight active alkaloids in fruits of Macleaya cordata （Willd） R. Br. was developed. The optimization conditions of UAE were obtained by using Box-Behnken design of response surface methodology. Chromatography was carried out using a Kromasil C18 column by gradient elution with 0.1% phosphoric acid aqueous solution for HPLC-UV. All calibration curves showed good linear correlation coefficients （R^2〉0.999 6） and recoveries （from 97.3% to 104.9%） were acceptable. 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl （DPPH） method was employed to test the antioxidant activity of the extract from the samples. The proposed method was successfully applied to quantifying eight components in nine samples of M.cordata, and significant variations of alkaloid contents and antioxidant aetivity of the samples from different habitats were demonstrated. It presents a powerful proof for the selection of the best sources to extract eight kinds of alkaloids.展开更多
Houttuynia cordata Thunb., traditionally used as a therapeutic plant in folk medicine, has shown antioxidant and anticancer activities. The species, as a core component of paleoherbs, is normally characterized based o...Houttuynia cordata Thunb., traditionally used as a therapeutic plant in folk medicine, has shown antioxidant and anticancer activities. The species, as a core component of paleoherbs, is normally characterized based on the presence of different types of secretory tissue： oil cells, three types of secretory cells and glandular hairs. The aim of this work was to study the structural, componential, and the functional characteristics of the secretory tissues in both the floral and vegetative parts. The results indicate that oil cells and secretory cells are distributed in all organs of the plant, while glandular hairs are situated on the aerial stems and leaves. Both oil cells and glandular hairs initiate from the protoderm, but their developmental processes are different. Although three types of secretory cells initiate from different primary meristems, the developmental patterns of different secretory cells are the same. Also, although the origins of secretory cells are different from oil cells, their early developmental processes are the same. Histochemical results show that oil cells, secretory cells and glandular hairs produce flavonoids, phenolic compounds, tannins, lipids, aldehyde and ketone-compounds. In addition, there are terpenoids and pectic-like substances in oil cells, alkaloids in secretory cells of aerial stems, and terpenoids and alkaloids in glandular hairs. These compounds play very important roles in protecting plants from being eaten by herbivores （herbivory） and infected by microbial pathogens. The oil cell and secretory cell, as unicellular secretory tissues, are intermediates between the primitive surface glandular and secretory cavity and canal during the evolution of secretory structures.展开更多
Background:This study aimed to investigate whether the combination of Macleaya cordata extract(MCE)and Bacil-lus could improve the laying performance and health of laying hens better.Methods:A total of 36029-week-old ...Background:This study aimed to investigate whether the combination of Macleaya cordata extract(MCE)and Bacil-lus could improve the laying performance and health of laying hens better.Methods:A total of 36029-week-old Jingbai laying hens were randomly divided into 4 treatments:control group(basal diet),MCE group(basal diet+MCE),Probiotics Bacillus Compound(PBC)group(basal diet+compound Bacil-lus),MCE+PBC group(basal diet+MCE+compound Bacillus).The feeding experiment lasted for 42 d.Results:The results showed that the laying rate and the average daily egg mass in the MCE+PBC group were significantly higher than those in the control group(P<0.05)and better than the MCE and PBC group.Combina-tion of MCE and Bacillus significantly increased the content of follicle-stimulating hormone(FSH)in the serum and up-regulated the expression of related hormone receptor gene(estrogen receptor-β,FSHR and luteinizing hormone/choriogonadotropin receptor)in the ovary of laying hens(P<0.05).In the MCE+PBC group,the mRNA expressions of zonula occluden-1,Occludin and mucin-2 in jejunum was increased and the intestinal epithelial barrier detected by transmission electron microscopy was enhanced compared with the control group(P<0.05).In addition,compared with the control group,combination of MCE and Bacillus significantly increased the total antioxidant capacity and catalase activity(P<0.05),and down-regulated the mRNA expressions of inflammation-related genes(interleukin-1βand tumor necrosis factor-α)as well as apoptosis-related genes(Caspase 3,Caspase 8 and P53)(P<0.05).The concen-tration of acetic acid and butyric acid in the cecum content of laying hens in the MCE+PBC group was significantly increased compared with the control group(P<0.05).Conclusions:Collectively,dietary supplementation of 600μg/kg MCE and 5×108 CFU/kg compound Bacillus can improve laying performance by improving microbiota to enhance antioxidant capacity and intestinal barrier,regulate reproductive hormones and the concentration of cecal short-chain fatty ac展开更多
This study aimed to investigate the ability of chelerythrine chloride(CHE),the main active ingredient of Macleaya cordata,to induce apoptosis in human gastric cancer BGC-823 cells.The results demonstrate that CHE inhi...This study aimed to investigate the ability of chelerythrine chloride(CHE),the main active ingredient of Macleaya cordata,to induce apoptosis in human gastric cancer BGC-823 cells.The results demonstrate that CHE inhibits cell proliferation in a time-and dose-dependent manner with accompanying S phase arrest.It also induces apoptosis by a mechanism involving a reduction in the mitochondrial mem brane potential,the release of cytochrome c,activation of caspase 3 and cleavage of poly-ADP-ribose polymerase.In addition,CHE-induced apoptosis is accompanied by down-regulation of Bcl-x1 and Bcl-2 proteins with no change in the levels of Bax proteins.Taken together,the results support the development of CHE as a potentially useful anticancer drug for the treatment of gastric cancer.展开更多
AIM: To identify the effect of Houttuynia cordata Thunb(HCT) on lipopolysaccharide(LPS)-induced microglial activation and investigate its possible molecular mechanisms. METHODS: The primary retinal microglial cells we...AIM: To identify the effect of Houttuynia cordata Thunb(HCT) on lipopolysaccharide(LPS)-induced microglial activation and investigate its possible molecular mechanisms. METHODS: The primary retinal microglial cells were cultured from the retinas of newborn Sprague-Dawley rats and exposed to LPS, and/or HCT with different concentrations. The survival ability of retinal microglia cells was tested by standard MTT method. BrdU cell proliferation assay was used to evaluate the proliferation of retinal microglia. Inflammatory factors in the culture supernatants, including TNF-α, iNOS and IL-1β, were measured using ELISA. Microglia cells’ migration was determined with Transwell migration assay. The total p38-MAPK and phosphorylation of p38-MAPK(p-p38-MAPK) were detected with Western blot.RESULTS: Primary retinal microglia in culture exposed to LPS to induce microglia activation. Pretreatment with HCT significantly inhibited the LPS-induced cell proliferation, but not the cell viability. LPS induced inflammatory reaction in microglia and cell migration. HCT significantly reduced LPS-stimulated release of pro-inflammatory factors and decreased the number of migrating cells substantially in a concentration-dependent manner. Moreover, the protein levels of p-p38 MAPK were identified as the up regulation and co-treatment with HCT obviously inhibited the upregulation of p-p38 MAPK, but had no effect on the levels of total p38-MAPK.CONCLUSION: The data suggest that HCT inhibits LPSinduced retinal microglial activation via suppression of the p-p38-MAPK. HCT may be used for the treatment of ocular diseases characterized by over-activated microglia.展开更多
The total flavonoids of Houttuynia cordata are determined by UV-Vis spectrophotometry. The ex-traction condition of flavonoids from Houttuynia cordata includes: the extraction temperature is 70℃, solid-liquid ratio i...The total flavonoids of Houttuynia cordata are determined by UV-Vis spectrophotometry. The ex-traction condition of flavonoids from Houttuynia cordata includes: the extraction temperature is 70℃, solid-liquid ratio is 1:20, solvent is 80% ethanol, extraction time is 65 min. We studied the antioxidation of flavonoids in Houttuynia cordata, and results showed that flavonoids had strong reducing capacity, hydroxyl free radical scavenging activity and the superoxide anion radical scavenging ability, thus can provide a basis for the development of natural antioxidants.展开更多
Houttuynia cordata is an important traditional Chinese medicine.It is widely used for clearing heat and detoxification,reducing swelling and treating sores,diuresis and dehumidification.It is also used to treat lung c...Houttuynia cordata is an important traditional Chinese medicine.It is widely used for clearing heat and detoxification,reducing swelling and treating sores,diuresis and dehumidification.It is also used to treat lung carbuncles,ulcers,hemorrhoids,rectal bleeding,spleen and stomach heat,which are caused by excess heat,heat toxicity,dampness,and disease heat.Modern pharmacological experiments have shown that H.cordata has antibacterial,antiviral,immune enhancing,diuretic and other effects.This article reviews the chemical components and biological activities of H.cordata to provide reference for clinical application.展开更多
Background The poultry industry needs effective antibiotic alternatives to control outbreaks of necrotic enteritis(NE)caused by Clostridium perfringens.Methods The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of d...Background The poultry industry needs effective antibiotic alternatives to control outbreaks of necrotic enteritis(NE)caused by Clostridium perfringens.Methods The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of dietary supplementation with Macleaya cordata extract(MCE)on the immune function and gut microbiota of broilers with NE.A total of 2881-day-old broiler chicks were randomly assigned to a 2×2 factorial arrangement with two concentrations of dietary MCE supplementation(0 or 350 mg/kg of diet)and two disease challenge statuses(control or NE).Results The results revealed that NE significantly increased the feed conversion rate(FCR),mortality,intestinal lesion score,the levels of IL-1β,IL-17 and IFN-γ/IL-4 in serum and IL-17/IL-10 in the jejunal mucosa,m RNA levels of TLR2,IFN-γand p Ig R in the jejunum,and Clostridium perfringens concentrations in the cecum.NE significantly decreased the body weight(BW),body weight gain(BWG),jejunal villus height,V/C,m RNA level of AMPK-α1 in jejunum,IL-4 level in the jejunal mucosa and lactic acid bacteria abundance in the cecum.MCE significantly increased BW,BWG,jejunal villus height,V/C,m RNA levels of occludin,ZO-1 and AMPK-α1 in the jejunum,the levels of Ig A and Ig G in serum and IL-10 in the jejunal mucosa and m RNA levels of NF-κB,IL-10 and MHC-II in the jejunum.Additionally,MCE significantly decreased the FCR,mortality,intestinal lesion score,jejunal crypt depth,the levels of IFN-γand IL-17 in serum and IL-17/IL-10 in the jejunal mucosa,Clostridium perfringens concentrations in the cecum,and m RNA levels of IL-17/IL-10 in the jejunum.Moreover,NE significantly increased the abundance of bacteria that are associated with inflammation,obesity and depression(Alistipes,Barnesiella,Intestinimonas,RF39 and UCG-005)and significantly decreased the abundance of short-chain fatty acid(SCFA)-producing bacteria(Anaerotruncus,Butyricicoccus and Bacteroides)in the cecum.MCE significantly increased the abundance of SCFA-producing bacteria(Streptococcus,Ruminococcus_torqu展开更多
基金supported by a research grant from the National University of Singapore
文摘Objective:To evaluate the in vitro activities of the ethyl acetate(EA) fraction of Houttuynia cordata(H.cordata) Thunb.(Saururaceae) and three of its constituent flavonoids(quercetin.quercitrin and rutin) against murine coronavirus and dengue virus(DENV).Methods:The antiviral activities of various concentrations of the EA fraction of H.cordata and flavonoids were assessed using virus neutralization tests against mouse hepatitis virus(MHV) and DENV type 2(DENV-2).Cinanserin hydrochloride was also tested against MHV.The EA fraction of H.cordata was tested for acute oral toxicity in C57BL/6 mice.Results:The EA fraction of H.cordata inhibited viral infectivity up to 6 d.Cinanserin hydrochloride was able to inhibit MHV for only 2 d.The 50%inhibitory concentrations(IC_(50)) of the EA fraction of H.cordata added before the viral adsorption stage were 0.98 μg/mL for MHV and 7.50 μg/mL for DENV-2with absence of cytotoxicity.The mice fed with the EA fraction up to 2 000 mg/kg did not induce any signs of acute toxicity,with normal histological features of major organs.Certain flavonoids exhibited comparatively weaker antiviral activity,notably quercetin which could inhibit both MHV and DENV-2.This was followed by quercitrin which could inhibit DENV-2but not MHV,whereas rutin did not exert any inhibitory effect on either virus.When quercetin was combined with quercitrin,enhancement of anti-DENV-2 activity and reduced cytotoxicity were observed.However,the synergistic efficacy of the flavonoid combination was still less than that of the EA fraction.Conclusions:The compounds in H.cordata contribute to the superior antiviral efficacy of the EA fraction which lacked cytotoxicity in vitro and acute toxicity in vim.H.cordata has much potential for the development of antiviral agents against coronavirus and dengue infections.
文摘Flavonoids are one main kind of effective components in Houttuynia cordata Thunb., which display a wide range of pharmacological activity. In this study supercritical fluid extraction （SFE） with carbon dioxide was first used as preparat ion step to remove the volatile components, which are also active components, from Hout-tuynia cordata Thunb. Then ultrasound-assisted extraction was used to obtain the crude flavonoids and the macro-porous resin adsorption technology was further employed to purify the flavonoids. Nine kinds of macroporous resins with different properties were tested through static adsorption, and one macroporous resin labeled as D101 was selected. The effect of several factors, such as the ratio of column height to diameter, initial concentration and pH, on both flavonoids yield and content were explored by dynamic adsorption to obtain reasonable conditions of adsorption and desorption. The experimental results show that the content of fiavonoids can be above 60% with fia- vonoids recovery of 93.3 % under the optimum conditions of purification. HPLC analysis of the final flavonoids product shows it contains quercitrin, hypefin, rutin and quercetin.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.81330089,8167365881274165 and 81673713)the State Key Program for New Drugsfrom the Ministry of Science and Technology,China(No2018ZX0935003-002)
文摘Houttuynia cordata polysaccharide(HCP) is extracted from Houttuynia cordata, a key traditional Chinese medicine. The study was to investigate the effects of HCP on intestinal barrier and microbiota in H1N1 virus infected mice. Mice were infected with H1N1 virus and orally administrated HCP at a dosage of 40 mg×kg^(–1)×d^(–1). H1N1 infection caused pulmonary and intestinal injury and gut microbiota imbalance. HCP significantly suppressed the expression of hypoxia inducible factor-1α and decreased mucosubstances in goblet cells, but restored the level of zonula occludens-1 in intestine. HCP also reversed the composition change of intestinal microbiota caused by H1N1 infection, with significantly reduced relative abundances of Vibrio and Bacillus, the pathogenic bacterial genera. Furthermore, HCP rebalanced the gut microbiota and restored the intestinal homeostasis to some degree. The inhibition of inflammation was associated with the reduced level of Toll-like receptors and interleukin-1β in intestine, as well as the increased production of interleukin-10. Oral administration of HCP alleviated lung injury and intestinal dysfunction caused by H1N1 infection. HCP may gain systemic treatment by local acting on intestine and microbiota. This study proved the high-value application of HCP.
基金This work was supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China （31200615, 31600238）, Postgraduate Research and Innovation Project of Hunan Province （CX2014B302）, National Key Laboratory Cultivation Base Construction Project （15KFXM09）, the National Science-Technology Support Plan Projects of China （2012BAI29B04）, The talent introduction Science Foundation of Hunan Agricultural University （13YJ09）, and the Natural Science Foundation of Hunan Province （2016JJ4040）.
文摘The overuse of antibiotics in animal agriculture and medicine has caused a series of potential threats to public health. Macleaya cordata is a medicinal plant species from the Papaveraceae family, providing a safe resource for the manufacture of antimicrobial feed additive for livestock. The active constituents from M. cordata are known to include benzylisoquinoline alkaloids （BIAs） such as sanguinarine （SAN） and chelerythrine （CHE）, but their metabolic pathways have yet to be studied in this non-model plant. The active biosynthesis of SAN and CHE in M. cordata was first examined and confirmed by feeding ^13C-labeled tyrosine. To gain further insights, we de novo sequenced the whole genome of M. cordata, the first to be sequenced from the Papaveraceae family. The M. cordata genome covering 378 Mb encodes 22,328 predicted protein-coding genes with 43.5% being transposable elements. As a member of basal eudicot, M. cordata genome lacks the paleohexaploidy event that occurred in almost all eudicots. From the genomics data, a complete set of 16 metabolic genes for SAN and CHE biosynthesis was retrieved, and 14 of their biochemical activities were validated. These genomics and metabolic data show the conserved BIA metabolic pathways in M. cordata and provide the knowledge foundation for future productions of SAN and CHE by crop improvement or microbial pathway reconstruction.
基金supported by grants from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(81330089,30925042,and 30801508)the Ministry of Science and Technology of China(2012ZX09301001-003)
文摘Houttuynia cordata Thunb. is a traditional herb used for clearing heat and eliminating toxins,and has also been used for the treatment of severe acute respiratory syndrome(SARS). In vitro, the crude H. cordata polysaccharides(CHCP) exhibited potent anti-complementary activity through both the classical and alternative pathways by acting on components C3 and C4 of the complement system without interfering with the coagulation system. This study was to investigate the preventive effects of CHCP on acute lung injury(ALI) induced by hemorrhagic shock plus lipopolysaccharide(LPS) instillation(two-hit)and LPS-induced fever in rats. CHCP significantly attenuated pulmonary injury in the "two-hit" ALI model by reducing pulmonary edema and protein exudation in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid(BALF). In addition, it reduced the deposit of complement activation products in the lung and improved oxidantantioxidant imbalance. Moreover, CHCP administration inhibited fever in rats, reduced the number of leukocytes and restored serum complement levels. The inhibition on the inappropriate activation of complement system by CHCP may play an important role in its beneficial effects on inflammatory diseases. The anti-complementary polysaccharides are likely to be among the key substances for the heatclearing function of H. cordata.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (31772642, 31402092)the China Scholarship Council (201708430008), Scientific Research Fund of Hunan Provincial Education Department (17K043)+2 种基金Hunan Provincial Science and Technology Department (2017NK2322, 2018TP2031), China Postdoctoral Science Foundation (2018M632963)Double First-class Construction Project of Hunan Agricultural University (SYL201802002)the Deanship of Scientific Research at King Saud University for its funding of this research through the Research Group Project No. RGP-213
文摘This study examines the effects of dietary Macleaya cordata extract(MCE) on bacterial burden and resistance to enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli(ETEC) in ICR mice. ICR mice were randomly distributed into one of the following groups:(i) basal diet;(ii)basal diet with 200 mg kg–1 MCE;(iii) basal diet challenged with ETEC;and(iv) basal diet with 200 mg kg–1 MCE and challenged with ETEC. Following a 7-day period of pre-treatment, CTRL-ETEC and MCE-ETEC mice were subjected to oral infection using 5×108 E. coli SEC 470. The results showed dietary 200 mg kg–1 MCE markedly reduced intestinal ETEC burden(P<0.05) and the disease-associated mortality was significantly alleviated in the MCE treated group(P<0.05). In addition,dietary MCE markedly alleviated ETEC-induced oxidative stress, evidenced by the lowered methane dicarboxylic aldehyde(MDA) abundance and enhanced activities of catalase and glutathione peroxidase(P<0.05). Furthermore, MCE mice exhibited higher immune activity, which might have further mediated ETEC infection. These results indicate MCE plays a preventative role with respect to ETEC infection. Future research should aim to develop MCE as a therapeutic approach to the promotion of intestinal health and a safeguard against ETEC infection.
文摘Houttuynia cordata Thunb is an important medicinal plant widely distributed in East Asia. The collected information is an attempt to cover recent developments in the pharmacology, phytochemistry and quality control of this species. During the past several decades, the medicinally important phyto-constituents have been identified including essential oil, flavonoids and other polyphenols, fatty acids and alkaloids. A survey of the literatures shows H. cordata possesses a variety of pharmacological activities including antiviral, antitumor, antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidative effects. Little attempt has been done to review the techniques used for its quality control. Future efforts should concentrate more on in vitro, in vivo studies and clinical trials in order to confirm traditional wisdom in the light of a rational phytotherapy. The information summarized here is intended to serve as a reference tool to practitioners in the fields of ethnopharmacology and natural products chemistry.
基金Project supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province for Excellent Young Scholars(No.BK20170087)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.31502033,31472164,and 31672515)
文摘Chlortetracycline （CTC）, one kind of common antibiotic for prevention and treatment of various diseases, also exhibits good performance in accelerating the growth of livestock. Macleaya cordata, a traditional Chinese medicine, is usually used as a natural additive in livestock because of its anti-microbial, anti-fungal, anti-inflammatory, and pesticidal activity. In this work, we studied whether M. cordata helps regulate the growth-promoting effect of CTC on broiler chickens. It is demonstrated that M. cordata improves the growth-promoting effect of CTC on growth per- formance indices of broiler chickens, such as survival rate, daily weight, and feed to weight rate. M. cordata also delays the maximum of CTC residues in plasma. It may depend on the higher values of operational taxonomic unit （OTU） and the indices of o diversity driven by simultaneous use of CTC and M. cordata.
文摘The aim of this study was to assess the effects of Sangrovit?, a standardized preparation of Macleaya cordata extract (MCE), on the health status and performance in weaned piglets. A total of 128 weaned piglets were randomly divided into four groups (n = 32, 16/sex/group) and fed either a control feed (T1) or the control feed supplemented with 100 mg/kg (T2), 500 mg/kg (T3), or 1000 mg/kg (T4) Sangrovit? (resulting in 0, 3.5, 17.5, 35 mg MCE/kg feed, respectively) for ninety days. The parameters for growth and health status were evaluated during the trial and blood was collected on Day 0 and Day 91 for hematology and biochemistry analysis. After the animals were sacrificed, the weight of the major organs and tissues was measured and histopathological examination on the organs from 8 animals in each group (4/sex/group) was performed. The results showed no statistically significant differences in live weight, feed intake, and average daily weight gain between the treatment and control groups. The feed containing 100, 500, or 1000 mg/kg Sangrovit? was well tolerated by piglets, with no adverse effects noted during the feeding period or in the histopathological results. The majority of the hematological and blood biochemistry parameters displayed no significant changes between the control and treatment groups. Compared to the control group, some hematological parameters including MCV, platelets concentration, and APTT were modified in some but not all treatment groups. Some significant changes in the blood biochemistry parameters were found in the treatment groups including levels in bile acid, haptoglobin, total serum protein, and GTT, as well as creatine kinase activity, but those changes were not toxicologically significant because no observed changes were seen in other similar biomarkers. In sum, this study demonstrated that the addition of Sangrovit? to swine feed at up to 1000 mg/kg does not result in any toxicological effects to the health status and growth of weaned piglets.
基金Project(20576142) supposed by the National Natural Science Foundation of China Project(2009DFA31270) supported by the International Cooperation Project of Ministry of Science and Technology of China
文摘A reliable ultrasound-assisted extraction （UAE） method combined with HPLC-UV for quantification of eight active alkaloids in fruits of Macleaya cordata （Willd） R. Br. was developed. The optimization conditions of UAE were obtained by using Box-Behnken design of response surface methodology. Chromatography was carried out using a Kromasil C18 column by gradient elution with 0.1% phosphoric acid aqueous solution for HPLC-UV. All calibration curves showed good linear correlation coefficients （R^2〉0.999 6） and recoveries （from 97.3% to 104.9%） were acceptable. 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl （DPPH） method was employed to test the antioxidant activity of the extract from the samples. The proposed method was successfully applied to quantifying eight components in nine samples of M.cordata, and significant variations of alkaloid contents and antioxidant aetivity of the samples from different habitats were demonstrated. It presents a powerful proof for the selection of the best sources to extract eight kinds of alkaloids.
基金Supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Shanxi Province(06JK180)
文摘Houttuynia cordata Thunb., traditionally used as a therapeutic plant in folk medicine, has shown antioxidant and anticancer activities. The species, as a core component of paleoherbs, is normally characterized based on the presence of different types of secretory tissue： oil cells, three types of secretory cells and glandular hairs. The aim of this work was to study the structural, componential, and the functional characteristics of the secretory tissues in both the floral and vegetative parts. The results indicate that oil cells and secretory cells are distributed in all organs of the plant, while glandular hairs are situated on the aerial stems and leaves. Both oil cells and glandular hairs initiate from the protoderm, but their developmental processes are different. Although three types of secretory cells initiate from different primary meristems, the developmental patterns of different secretory cells are the same. Also, although the origins of secretory cells are different from oil cells, their early developmental processes are the same. Histochemical results show that oil cells, secretory cells and glandular hairs produce flavonoids, phenolic compounds, tannins, lipids, aldehyde and ketone-compounds. In addition, there are terpenoids and pectic-like substances in oil cells, alkaloids in secretory cells of aerial stems, and terpenoids and alkaloids in glandular hairs. These compounds play very important roles in protecting plants from being eaten by herbivores （herbivory） and infected by microbial pathogens. The oil cell and secretory cell, as unicellular secretory tissues, are intermediates between the primitive surface glandular and secretory cavity and canal during the evolution of secretory structures.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.32072766,31672460,31472128)Natural Science Foundation of Zhejiang province(No.LZ20C170002)the National High-Tech R&D Program Project(863)of China(NO.2013AA102803D).
文摘Background:This study aimed to investigate whether the combination of Macleaya cordata extract(MCE)and Bacil-lus could improve the laying performance and health of laying hens better.Methods:A total of 36029-week-old Jingbai laying hens were randomly divided into 4 treatments:control group(basal diet),MCE group(basal diet+MCE),Probiotics Bacillus Compound(PBC)group(basal diet+compound Bacil-lus),MCE+PBC group(basal diet+MCE+compound Bacillus).The feeding experiment lasted for 42 d.Results:The results showed that the laying rate and the average daily egg mass in the MCE+PBC group were significantly higher than those in the control group(P<0.05)and better than the MCE and PBC group.Combina-tion of MCE and Bacillus significantly increased the content of follicle-stimulating hormone(FSH)in the serum and up-regulated the expression of related hormone receptor gene(estrogen receptor-β,FSHR and luteinizing hormone/choriogonadotropin receptor)in the ovary of laying hens(P<0.05).In the MCE+PBC group,the mRNA expressions of zonula occluden-1,Occludin and mucin-2 in jejunum was increased and the intestinal epithelial barrier detected by transmission electron microscopy was enhanced compared with the control group(P<0.05).In addition,compared with the control group,combination of MCE and Bacillus significantly increased the total antioxidant capacity and catalase activity(P<0.05),and down-regulated the mRNA expressions of inflammation-related genes(interleukin-1βand tumor necrosis factor-α)as well as apoptosis-related genes(Caspase 3,Caspase 8 and P53)(P<0.05).The concen-tration of acetic acid and butyric acid in the cecum content of laying hens in the MCE+PBC group was significantly increased compared with the control group(P<0.05).Conclusions:Collectively,dietary supplementation of 600μg/kg MCE and 5×108 CFU/kg compound Bacillus can improve laying performance by improving microbiota to enhance antioxidant capacity and intestinal barrier,regulate reproductive hormones and the concentration of cecal short-chain fatty ac
基金This work was supported by grant 20080430283 from the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation and Jiangxi Yongfeng Boyuan Industry Co.,Ltd.(Jiangxi,China).
文摘This study aimed to investigate the ability of chelerythrine chloride(CHE),the main active ingredient of Macleaya cordata,to induce apoptosis in human gastric cancer BGC-823 cells.The results demonstrate that CHE inhibits cell proliferation in a time-and dose-dependent manner with accompanying S phase arrest.It also induces apoptosis by a mechanism involving a reduction in the mitochondrial mem brane potential,the release of cytochrome c,activation of caspase 3 and cleavage of poly-ADP-ribose polymerase.In addition,CHE-induced apoptosis is accompanied by down-regulation of Bcl-x1 and Bcl-2 proteins with no change in the levels of Bax proteins.Taken together,the results support the development of CHE as a potentially useful anticancer drug for the treatment of gastric cancer.
文摘AIM: To identify the effect of Houttuynia cordata Thunb(HCT) on lipopolysaccharide(LPS)-induced microglial activation and investigate its possible molecular mechanisms. METHODS: The primary retinal microglial cells were cultured from the retinas of newborn Sprague-Dawley rats and exposed to LPS, and/or HCT with different concentrations. The survival ability of retinal microglia cells was tested by standard MTT method. BrdU cell proliferation assay was used to evaluate the proliferation of retinal microglia. Inflammatory factors in the culture supernatants, including TNF-α, iNOS and IL-1β, were measured using ELISA. Microglia cells’ migration was determined with Transwell migration assay. The total p38-MAPK and phosphorylation of p38-MAPK(p-p38-MAPK) were detected with Western blot.RESULTS: Primary retinal microglia in culture exposed to LPS to induce microglia activation. Pretreatment with HCT significantly inhibited the LPS-induced cell proliferation, but not the cell viability. LPS induced inflammatory reaction in microglia and cell migration. HCT significantly reduced LPS-stimulated release of pro-inflammatory factors and decreased the number of migrating cells substantially in a concentration-dependent manner. Moreover, the protein levels of p-p38 MAPK were identified as the up regulation and co-treatment with HCT obviously inhibited the upregulation of p-p38 MAPK, but had no effect on the levels of total p38-MAPK.CONCLUSION: The data suggest that HCT inhibits LPSinduced retinal microglial activation via suppression of the p-p38-MAPK. HCT may be used for the treatment of ocular diseases characterized by over-activated microglia.
文摘The total flavonoids of Houttuynia cordata are determined by UV-Vis spectrophotometry. The ex-traction condition of flavonoids from Houttuynia cordata includes: the extraction temperature is 70℃, solid-liquid ratio is 1:20, solvent is 80% ethanol, extraction time is 65 min. We studied the antioxidation of flavonoids in Houttuynia cordata, and results showed that flavonoids had strong reducing capacity, hydroxyl free radical scavenging activity and the superoxide anion radical scavenging ability, thus can provide a basis for the development of natural antioxidants.
基金financially supported by National Nature Science Foundation of China(81973284)Scientific Research Foundation of the Education Department of Liaoning Province(LJKZ0944).
文摘Houttuynia cordata is an important traditional Chinese medicine.It is widely used for clearing heat and detoxification,reducing swelling and treating sores,diuresis and dehumidification.It is also used to treat lung carbuncles,ulcers,hemorrhoids,rectal bleeding,spleen and stomach heat,which are caused by excess heat,heat toxicity,dampness,and disease heat.Modern pharmacological experiments have shown that H.cordata has antibacterial,antiviral,immune enhancing,diuretic and other effects.This article reviews the chemical components and biological activities of H.cordata to provide reference for clinical application.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32272910)the Shandong Provincial Postdoctoral Program for Innovative Talent(SDBX2021013)the Shandong Province Agricultural Industry Technology(SDAIT-11-08)。
文摘Background The poultry industry needs effective antibiotic alternatives to control outbreaks of necrotic enteritis(NE)caused by Clostridium perfringens.Methods The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of dietary supplementation with Macleaya cordata extract(MCE)on the immune function and gut microbiota of broilers with NE.A total of 2881-day-old broiler chicks were randomly assigned to a 2×2 factorial arrangement with two concentrations of dietary MCE supplementation(0 or 350 mg/kg of diet)and two disease challenge statuses(control or NE).Results The results revealed that NE significantly increased the feed conversion rate(FCR),mortality,intestinal lesion score,the levels of IL-1β,IL-17 and IFN-γ/IL-4 in serum and IL-17/IL-10 in the jejunal mucosa,m RNA levels of TLR2,IFN-γand p Ig R in the jejunum,and Clostridium perfringens concentrations in the cecum.NE significantly decreased the body weight(BW),body weight gain(BWG),jejunal villus height,V/C,m RNA level of AMPK-α1 in jejunum,IL-4 level in the jejunal mucosa and lactic acid bacteria abundance in the cecum.MCE significantly increased BW,BWG,jejunal villus height,V/C,m RNA levels of occludin,ZO-1 and AMPK-α1 in the jejunum,the levels of Ig A and Ig G in serum and IL-10 in the jejunal mucosa and m RNA levels of NF-κB,IL-10 and MHC-II in the jejunum.Additionally,MCE significantly decreased the FCR,mortality,intestinal lesion score,jejunal crypt depth,the levels of IFN-γand IL-17 in serum and IL-17/IL-10 in the jejunal mucosa,Clostridium perfringens concentrations in the cecum,and m RNA levels of IL-17/IL-10 in the jejunum.Moreover,NE significantly increased the abundance of bacteria that are associated with inflammation,obesity and depression(Alistipes,Barnesiella,Intestinimonas,RF39 and UCG-005)and significantly decreased the abundance of short-chain fatty acid(SCFA)-producing bacteria(Anaerotruncus,Butyricicoccus and Bacteroides)in the cecum.MCE significantly increased the abundance of SCFA-producing bacteria(Streptococcus,Ruminococcus_torqu
