随着多微电网系统运行环境的不断变化,各子微电网将会动态地退出或加入多微电网系统中,导致多微电网系统的物理和信息链接发生动态变化,是影响多微电网协同优化的重大因素之一。针对多微电网动态链接行为下的协同优化问题,该文在引入体...随着多微电网系统运行环境的不断变化,各子微电网将会动态地退出或加入多微电网系统中,导致多微电网系统的物理和信息链接发生动态变化,是影响多微电网协同优化的重大因素之一。针对多微电网动态链接行为下的协同优化问题,该文在引入体系(system of systems,SoS)方法构建多微电网So S架构以及动态交易链接矩阵的基础上,建立多微电网能量管理与贡献度评估模型,提出多微电网动态链接行为分析方法,定量分析不同动态链接行为对多微电网协同优化运行的影响。最后结合交替方向乘子法求解模型,通过仿真分析验证所建模型和分析方法的有效性。展开更多
在网络协作学习中,教师通常会根据小组协作成果给予每个组员统一的分数,这种以小组为单位的评价方式并未考虑组员在协作过程中的个体贡献程度。而缺乏个体贡献度评价可能会导致积极成员逐渐减少投入,进而产生"搭便车"等消极...在网络协作学习中,教师通常会根据小组协作成果给予每个组员统一的分数,这种以小组为单位的评价方式并未考虑组员在协作过程中的个体贡献程度。而缺乏个体贡献度评价可能会导致积极成员逐渐减少投入,进而产生"搭便车"等消极协作学习行为。文章通过设计自主与同伴互评(Self-Assessment and Peer-Assessment,SAPA)来评价学习者在网络协作学习过程与成果中的个体贡献度,采用量化与质性相结合的方法来探索SAPA设计的原则和策略,并分析学习者的学习经历及其对评价的看法。结果表明,SAPA方法能够帮助学习者明确个体责任,促进群体成员共同分担小组任务。研究意义在于进一步确认:个体贡献评价分数的构成比例,学习者对评价过程的自主反思以及避免"互惠效应"的多重策略对设计SAPA具有重要价值。展开更多
Individual countries are requested to submit nationally determined contributions(NDCs)to alleviate global warming in the Paris Agreement.However,the global climate effects and regional contributions are not explicitly...Individual countries are requested to submit nationally determined contributions(NDCs)to alleviate global warming in the Paris Agreement.However,the global climate effects and regional contributions are not explicitly considered in the countries’decision-making process.In this study,we evaluate the global temperature slowdown of the NDC scenario(ΔT=0.6°C)and attribute the global temperature slowdown to certain regions of the world with a compact earth system model.Considering reductions in CO_(2),CH_(4),N_(2)O,BC,and SO_(2),the R5OECD(the Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development in 1990)and R5ASIA(Asian countries)are the top two contributors to global warming mitigation,accounting for 39.3%and 36.8%,respectively.R5LAM(Latin America and the Caribbean)and R5MAF(the Middle East and Africa)followed behind,with contributions of 11.5%and 8.9%,respectively.The remaining 3.5%is attributed to R5REF(the Reforming Economies).Carbon Dioxide emission reduction is the decisive factor of regional contributions,but not the only one.Other greenhouse gases are also important,especially for R5MAF.The contribution of short-lived aerosols is small but significant,notably SO_(2)reduction in R5ASIA.We argue that additional species beyond CO_(2)need to be considered,including short-lived pollutants,when planning a route to mitigate climate change.It needs to be emphasized that there is still a gap to achieve the Paris Agreement 2-degree target with current NDC efforts,let alone the ambitious 1.5-degree target.All countries need to pursue stricter reduction policies for a more sustainable world.展开更多
文摘随着多微电网系统运行环境的不断变化,各子微电网将会动态地退出或加入多微电网系统中,导致多微电网系统的物理和信息链接发生动态变化,是影响多微电网协同优化的重大因素之一。针对多微电网动态链接行为下的协同优化问题,该文在引入体系(system of systems,SoS)方法构建多微电网So S架构以及动态交易链接矩阵的基础上,建立多微电网能量管理与贡献度评估模型,提出多微电网动态链接行为分析方法,定量分析不同动态链接行为对多微电网协同优化运行的影响。最后结合交替方向乘子法求解模型,通过仿真分析验证所建模型和分析方法的有效性。
文摘在网络协作学习中,教师通常会根据小组协作成果给予每个组员统一的分数,这种以小组为单位的评价方式并未考虑组员在协作过程中的个体贡献程度。而缺乏个体贡献度评价可能会导致积极成员逐渐减少投入,进而产生"搭便车"等消极协作学习行为。文章通过设计自主与同伴互评(Self-Assessment and Peer-Assessment,SAPA)来评价学习者在网络协作学习过程与成果中的个体贡献度,采用量化与质性相结合的方法来探索SAPA设计的原则和策略,并分析学习者的学习经历及其对评价的看法。结果表明,SAPA方法能够帮助学习者明确个体责任,促进群体成员共同分担小组任务。研究意义在于进一步确认:个体贡献评价分数的构成比例,学习者对评价过程的自主反思以及避免"互惠效应"的多重策略对设计SAPA具有重要价值。
基金funded by the undergraduate student research training program of the Ministry of Education, the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grants Nos. 41771495, 41830641, and 41988101)the Second Tibetan Plateau Scientific Expedition and Research Program Grant 2019QZKK0208+1 种基金funded by the European Research Council Synergy project “Imbalance-P ” (Grant No. ERC-2013-Sy G-610028)the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation project “CONSTRAIN” (Grant No. 820829)
文摘Individual countries are requested to submit nationally determined contributions(NDCs)to alleviate global warming in the Paris Agreement.However,the global climate effects and regional contributions are not explicitly considered in the countries’decision-making process.In this study,we evaluate the global temperature slowdown of the NDC scenario(ΔT=0.6°C)and attribute the global temperature slowdown to certain regions of the world with a compact earth system model.Considering reductions in CO_(2),CH_(4),N_(2)O,BC,and SO_(2),the R5OECD(the Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development in 1990)and R5ASIA(Asian countries)are the top two contributors to global warming mitigation,accounting for 39.3%and 36.8%,respectively.R5LAM(Latin America and the Caribbean)and R5MAF(the Middle East and Africa)followed behind,with contributions of 11.5%and 8.9%,respectively.The remaining 3.5%is attributed to R5REF(the Reforming Economies).Carbon Dioxide emission reduction is the decisive factor of regional contributions,but not the only one.Other greenhouse gases are also important,especially for R5MAF.The contribution of short-lived aerosols is small but significant,notably SO_(2)reduction in R5ASIA.We argue that additional species beyond CO_(2)need to be considered,including short-lived pollutants,when planning a route to mitigate climate change.It needs to be emphasized that there is still a gap to achieve the Paris Agreement 2-degree target with current NDC efforts,let alone the ambitious 1.5-degree target.All countries need to pursue stricter reduction policies for a more sustainable world.
