There is a rapidly emerging and potentially huge market for the remediation of contaminated ground- water in China. The Chinese government published a Water Action Plan in April 2015, a Soil Action Plan in May 2016, a...There is a rapidly emerging and potentially huge market for the remediation of contaminated ground- water in China. The Chinese government published a Water Action Plan in April 2015, a Soil Action Plan in May 2016, and a draft Soil Pollution Prevention and Control Law in June 2017. All of these new policies and regulations put pressures on local governments and contaminated site owners, obliging them to conduct site investigation and to cleanup contaminated groundwater. The Chinese population in northern regions heavily depend on groundwater, with nearly 70% of water supply coming from aquifer sources in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region. However, poor groundwater quality due to natural geochemical background and anthropogeic pollution is a serious concern, with poor or very poor quality water observed in nearly 80% of groundwater monitoring wells in 17 northern provinces. Shallow groundwater in many areas has been contaminated by toxic pollutants such as heavy metals and chlorinated organic compounds. There is an urgent need to better understand the situation and to conduct groundwater remediation at contaminated sites. The Chinese government is investing heavily in the research and development for groundwater remediation, which is expected to greatly add to the quality and quantity of groundwater remediation projects in the near future.展开更多
利用统计方法学估算场地污染物平均浓度能更客观地反映实际污染程度,这对污染场地风险评估和管理决策具有重要意义.本研究以某焦化场地中典型污染物——萘为例,分别依据英国环境署颁布的《土壤污染浓度与临界浓度比较导则》(Guidance on...利用统计方法学估算场地污染物平均浓度能更客观地反映实际污染程度,这对污染场地风险评估和管理决策具有重要意义.本研究以某焦化场地中典型污染物——萘为例,分别依据英国环境署颁布的《土壤污染浓度与临界浓度比较导则》(Guidance on Comparing Soil Contamination Data with a Critical Concentration)(简称“英国CL:AIRE导则”),以及美国环境保护署颁布的ProUCL技术导则(ProUCL Technical Guide,Statistical Software for Environmental Applications for Data Sets with and Without Nondetect Observations)(简称“美国ProUCL导则”),基于统计方法学对场地土壤萘浓度进行描述性统计分析、数据审查、分布类型判断及真实平均浓度估算,并根据《土壤环境质量建设用地土壤污染风险管控标准(试行)》(GB 36600—2018)第一类建设用地的筛选值对场地进行了初步风险评估.结果表明:污染场地0~1 m土壤萘的真实平均浓度小于GB 36600—2018第一类建设用地筛选值,但1~2 m和2~4 m土壤萘的真实平均浓度大于筛选值;在不同土壤深度上,萘的空间分布特征相似,以场地中心为主要污染源,向四周逐级扩散递减,因此需对场地开展详细风险评估.此外,通过对比英美两国导则可知,美国ProUCL导则更加严格,利用Q-Q图示法和拟合优度检验法判断场地数据的分布类型,并基于数据分布特征计算相应的95%置信上限值估算污染物的真实平均浓度;而英国CL:AIRE导则相对简单,主要基于中心极限定理通过计算双侧置信区间估算污染物浓度,同时利用空间图判断污染物空间布局,有助于评估场地污染状况.研究显示,基于统计方法估算场地土壤污染平均浓度可降低风险评估结论的不确定性.建议我国以英国CL:AIRE导则中的统计方法为基础估计污染物真实平均浓度,逐步融入美国ProUCL导则中的统计方法以提高风险决策水平,对实现我国污染场地精细化风险�展开更多
Heavy metal contamination of the biosphere has increased sharply over the last century. Anthropogenic activities such as industrialisation and demographic growth can be considered as the main causes of it. Soil contam...Heavy metal contamination of the biosphere has increased sharply over the last century. Anthropogenic activities such as industrialisation and demographic growth can be considered as the main causes of it. Soil contamination affects every organism and poses major environmental and human health problems worldwide. The issue has been addressed in the past and a few methodologies have been developed in order to effectively clean up the contaminated areas. However, many of these remedies are very aggressive and can damage the soil. This paper focuses on the use of gentler techniques, which take advantage of the properties of several plants and wildflowers that absorb heavy metals and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, and their potential application in megacities such as Hong Kong.展开更多
文摘There is a rapidly emerging and potentially huge market for the remediation of contaminated ground- water in China. The Chinese government published a Water Action Plan in April 2015, a Soil Action Plan in May 2016, and a draft Soil Pollution Prevention and Control Law in June 2017. All of these new policies and regulations put pressures on local governments and contaminated site owners, obliging them to conduct site investigation and to cleanup contaminated groundwater. The Chinese population in northern regions heavily depend on groundwater, with nearly 70% of water supply coming from aquifer sources in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region. However, poor groundwater quality due to natural geochemical background and anthropogeic pollution is a serious concern, with poor or very poor quality water observed in nearly 80% of groundwater monitoring wells in 17 northern provinces. Shallow groundwater in many areas has been contaminated by toxic pollutants such as heavy metals and chlorinated organic compounds. There is an urgent need to better understand the situation and to conduct groundwater remediation at contaminated sites. The Chinese government is investing heavily in the research and development for groundwater remediation, which is expected to greatly add to the quality and quantity of groundwater remediation projects in the near future.
文摘利用统计方法学估算场地污染物平均浓度能更客观地反映实际污染程度,这对污染场地风险评估和管理决策具有重要意义.本研究以某焦化场地中典型污染物——萘为例,分别依据英国环境署颁布的《土壤污染浓度与临界浓度比较导则》(Guidance on Comparing Soil Contamination Data with a Critical Concentration)(简称“英国CL:AIRE导则”),以及美国环境保护署颁布的ProUCL技术导则(ProUCL Technical Guide,Statistical Software for Environmental Applications for Data Sets with and Without Nondetect Observations)(简称“美国ProUCL导则”),基于统计方法学对场地土壤萘浓度进行描述性统计分析、数据审查、分布类型判断及真实平均浓度估算,并根据《土壤环境质量建设用地土壤污染风险管控标准(试行)》(GB 36600—2018)第一类建设用地的筛选值对场地进行了初步风险评估.结果表明:污染场地0~1 m土壤萘的真实平均浓度小于GB 36600—2018第一类建设用地筛选值,但1~2 m和2~4 m土壤萘的真实平均浓度大于筛选值;在不同土壤深度上,萘的空间分布特征相似,以场地中心为主要污染源,向四周逐级扩散递减,因此需对场地开展详细风险评估.此外,通过对比英美两国导则可知,美国ProUCL导则更加严格,利用Q-Q图示法和拟合优度检验法判断场地数据的分布类型,并基于数据分布特征计算相应的95%置信上限值估算污染物的真实平均浓度;而英国CL:AIRE导则相对简单,主要基于中心极限定理通过计算双侧置信区间估算污染物浓度,同时利用空间图判断污染物空间布局,有助于评估场地污染状况.研究显示,基于统计方法估算场地土壤污染平均浓度可降低风险评估结论的不确定性.建议我国以英国CL:AIRE导则中的统计方法为基础估计污染物真实平均浓度,逐步融入美国ProUCL导则中的统计方法以提高风险决策水平,对实现我国污染场地精细化风险�
文摘Heavy metal contamination of the biosphere has increased sharply over the last century. Anthropogenic activities such as industrialisation and demographic growth can be considered as the main causes of it. Soil contamination affects every organism and poses major environmental and human health problems worldwide. The issue has been addressed in the past and a few methodologies have been developed in order to effectively clean up the contaminated areas. However, many of these remedies are very aggressive and can damage the soil. This paper focuses on the use of gentler techniques, which take advantage of the properties of several plants and wildflowers that absorb heavy metals and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, and their potential application in megacities such as Hong Kong.
