Dissecting the genetic relationships among gluten-related traits is important for high quality wheat breeding. Quantita- tive trait loci （QTLs） analysis for gluten strength, as measured by sedimentation volume （SV...Dissecting the genetic relationships among gluten-related traits is important for high quality wheat breeding. Quantita- tive trait loci （QTLs） analysis for gluten strength, as measured by sedimentation volume （SV） and gluten index （GI）, was performed using the QTLNetwork 2.0 software. Recombinant inbred lines （RILs） derived from the winter wheat varieties Shannong 01-35xGaocheng 9411 were used for the study. A total of seven additive QTLs for gluten strength were identi- fied using an unconditional analysis. QGi1D-13 and QSv1D-14 were detected through unconditional and conditional QTLs mapping, which explained 9.15-45.08% of the phenotypic variation. QTLs only identified under conditional QTL mapping were located in three marker intervals： WPT-3743-GLU-D1 （1D）, WPT-7001-WMC258 （1B）, and WPT-8682-WPT-5562 （1B）. Six pairs of epistatic QTLs distributed nine chromosomes were identified. Of these, two main effect QTLs （QGi1D-13 and QSvlD-14） and 12 pairs of epistatic QTLs were involved in interactions with the environment. The results indicated that chromosomes 1B and 1D are important for the improvement of gluten strength in common wheat. The combination of conditional and unconditional QTLs mapping could be useful for a better understanding of the interdependence of different traits at the QTL molecular level.展开更多
Structural diversity is the key attribute of a stand. A set of biodiversity measures in ecology was introduced in forest management for describing stand structure, of which Shannon information entropy (Shannon index) ...Structural diversity is the key attribute of a stand. A set of biodiversity measures in ecology was introduced in forest management for describing stand structure, of which Shannon information entropy (Shannon index) has been the most widely used measure of species diversity. It is generally thought that tree size diversity could serve as a good proxy for height diversity. However, tree size diversity and height diversity for stand structure is not completely consistent. Stand diameter cannot reflect height information completely. Either tree size diversity or height diversity is one-dimensional information entropy measure. This paper discussed the method of multiple-dimensional information entropy measure with the concept of joint entropy. It is suggested that joint entropy is a good measure for describing overall stand structural diversity.展开更多
In this note, we show that if N is a proper subfactor of a factor M of type Ⅱ1 with finite Jones index, then there is a maximal abelian self-adjoint subalgebra （masa） A of N that is not a masa in ,M. Popa showed th...In this note, we show that if N is a proper subfactor of a factor M of type Ⅱ1 with finite Jones index, then there is a maximal abelian self-adjoint subalgebra （masa） A of N that is not a masa in ,M. Popa showed that there is a proper subfactor R0 of the hyperfinite type Ⅱ1 factor R such that each masa in R0 is also a masa in R. We shall give a detailed proof of Popa＇s result.展开更多
Introduction:Incorporating information on animal behavior in resource-based predictive modeling(e.g.,occurrence mapping)can elucidate the relationship between process and spatial pattern and depict habitat in terms of...Introduction:Incorporating information on animal behavior in resource-based predictive modeling(e.g.,occurrence mapping)can elucidate the relationship between process and spatial pattern and depict habitat in terms of its structure as well as its function.In this paper,we assigned location data on brood-rearing greater sage-grouse(Centrocercus urophasianus)to either within-patch(encamped)or between-patch(traveling)behavioral modes by estimating a movement-based relative displacement index.Objectives were to estimate and validate spatially explicit models of within-versus between-patch resource selection for application in habitat management and compare these models to a non-behaviorally adjusted model.Results:A single model,the vegetation and water resources model,was most plausible for both the encamped and traveling modes,including the non-behaviorally adjusted model.When encamped,sage-grouse selected for taller shrubs,avoided bare ground,and were closer to mesic areas.Traveling sage-grouse selected for greater litter cover and herbaceous vegetation.Preference for proximity to mesic areas was common to both encamped and traveling modes and to the non-behaviorally adjusted model.The non-behaviorally adjusted map was similar to the encamped model and validated well.However,we observed different selection patterns during traveling that could have been masked had behavioral state not been accounted for.Conclusions:Characterizing habitat that structured between-patch movement broadens our understanding of the habitat needs of brood-rearing sage-grouse,and the combined raster surface offers a reliable habitat management tool that is readily amenable to application by GIS users in efforts to focus sustainable landscape management.展开更多
In this paper,we give a survey on the Hill-type formula and its applications.Moreover,we generalize the Hill-type formula for linear Hamiltonian systems and Sturm-Liouville systems with any self-adjoint boundary condi...In this paper,we give a survey on the Hill-type formula and its applications.Moreover,we generalize the Hill-type formula for linear Hamiltonian systems and Sturm-Liouville systems with any self-adjoint boundary conditions,which include the standard Neumann,Dirichlet and periodic boundary conditions.The Hill-type formula connects the infinite determinant of the Hessian of the action functional with the determinant of matrices which depend on the monodromy matrix and boundary conditions.Further,based on the Hill-type formula,we derive the Krein-type trace formula.As applications,we give nontrivial estimations for the eigenvalue problem and the relative Morse index.展开更多
基金support from the Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province,China (ZR2015CM036)the Molecular Foundation of Main Crop Quality,the Ministry of Science and Technology of China (2016YFD0100500)+1 种基金the Project of Science and Technology of Shandong “Wheat Breeding by Molecular Design”,China (2016LZGC023)the Research Fund for Agricultural Big Data Project,China
文摘Dissecting the genetic relationships among gluten-related traits is important for high quality wheat breeding. Quantita- tive trait loci （QTLs） analysis for gluten strength, as measured by sedimentation volume （SV） and gluten index （GI）, was performed using the QTLNetwork 2.0 software. Recombinant inbred lines （RILs） derived from the winter wheat varieties Shannong 01-35xGaocheng 9411 were used for the study. A total of seven additive QTLs for gluten strength were identi- fied using an unconditional analysis. QGi1D-13 and QSv1D-14 were detected through unconditional and conditional QTLs mapping, which explained 9.15-45.08% of the phenotypic variation. QTLs only identified under conditional QTL mapping were located in three marker intervals： WPT-3743-GLU-D1 （1D）, WPT-7001-WMC258 （1B）, and WPT-8682-WPT-5562 （1B）. Six pairs of epistatic QTLs distributed nine chromosomes were identified. Of these, two main effect QTLs （QGi1D-13 and QSvlD-14） and 12 pairs of epistatic QTLs were involved in interactions with the environment. The results indicated that chromosomes 1B and 1D are important for the improvement of gluten strength in common wheat. The combination of conditional and unconditional QTLs mapping could be useful for a better understanding of the interdependence of different traits at the QTL molecular level.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 30371157)
文摘Structural diversity is the key attribute of a stand. A set of biodiversity measures in ecology was introduced in forest management for describing stand structure, of which Shannon information entropy (Shannon index) has been the most widely used measure of species diversity. It is generally thought that tree size diversity could serve as a good proxy for height diversity. However, tree size diversity and height diversity for stand structure is not completely consistent. Stand diameter cannot reflect height information completely. Either tree size diversity or height diversity is one-dimensional information entropy measure. This paper discussed the method of multiple-dimensional information entropy measure with the concept of joint entropy. It is suggested that joint entropy is a good measure for describing overall stand structural diversity.
基金This work is supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (10301004)
文摘In this note, we show that if N is a proper subfactor of a factor M of type Ⅱ1 with finite Jones index, then there is a maximal abelian self-adjoint subalgebra （masa） A of N that is not a masa in ,M. Popa showed that there is a proper subfactor R0 of the hyperfinite type Ⅱ1 factor R such that each masa in R0 is also a masa in R. We shall give a detailed proof of Popa＇s result.
文摘Introduction:Incorporating information on animal behavior in resource-based predictive modeling(e.g.,occurrence mapping)can elucidate the relationship between process and spatial pattern and depict habitat in terms of its structure as well as its function.In this paper,we assigned location data on brood-rearing greater sage-grouse(Centrocercus urophasianus)to either within-patch(encamped)or between-patch(traveling)behavioral modes by estimating a movement-based relative displacement index.Objectives were to estimate and validate spatially explicit models of within-versus between-patch resource selection for application in habitat management and compare these models to a non-behaviorally adjusted model.Results:A single model,the vegetation and water resources model,was most plausible for both the encamped and traveling modes,including the non-behaviorally adjusted model.When encamped,sage-grouse selected for taller shrubs,avoided bare ground,and were closer to mesic areas.Traveling sage-grouse selected for greater litter cover and herbaceous vegetation.Preference for proximity to mesic areas was common to both encamped and traveling modes and to the non-behaviorally adjusted model.The non-behaviorally adjusted map was similar to the encamped model and validated well.However,we observed different selection patterns during traveling that could have been masked had behavioral state not been accounted for.Conclusions:Characterizing habitat that structured between-patch movement broadens our understanding of the habitat needs of brood-rearing sage-grouse,and the combined raster surface offers a reliable habitat management tool that is readily amenable to application by GIS users in efforts to focus sustainable landscape management.
基金The first author is partially supported by NSFC(Nos.12071255 and 11790271)National Key R&D Program of China(2020YFA0713300)+1 种基金The second authors is partially supported by NSFC(No.11801583)The third author is Partially supported by NSFC(Nos.11471189,and 11871308).
文摘In this paper,we give a survey on the Hill-type formula and its applications.Moreover,we generalize the Hill-type formula for linear Hamiltonian systems and Sturm-Liouville systems with any self-adjoint boundary conditions,which include the standard Neumann,Dirichlet and periodic boundary conditions.The Hill-type formula connects the infinite determinant of the Hessian of the action functional with the determinant of matrices which depend on the monodromy matrix and boundary conditions.Further,based on the Hill-type formula,we derive the Krein-type trace formula.As applications,we give nontrivial estimations for the eigenvalue problem and the relative Morse index.
