目的探讨脑卒中患者康复期日常生活活动能力(activities of daily living,ADLs)及认知功能的动态变化。方法以2008年12月至2009年11月出院的脑卒中患者为研究对象,分别于患者出院前以及出院后3周、3个月、6个月进行ADLs及认知功能的调...目的探讨脑卒中患者康复期日常生活活动能力(activities of daily living,ADLs)及认知功能的动态变化。方法以2008年12月至2009年11月出院的脑卒中患者为研究对象,分别于患者出院前以及出院后3周、3个月、6个月进行ADLs及认知功能的调查。结果患者认知恢复较慢,仅出院后6个月的认知功能水平显著高于出院前(P<0.05),4个调查时点的认知功能缺损率分别为34.6%、26.0%、24.5%、21.1%;ADLs水平及独立能力持续提高,依赖率分别为62.0%、45.2%、38.9%、32.2%,出院后各个阶段的Barthel指数评分均高于出院前(P<0.05);认知功能障碍组的ADLs依赖水平显著高于正常组(P<0.05)。结论脑卒中患者的自然康复缓慢,且ADLs依赖水平与认知功能恢复有关,建立医院-社区-家庭的卒中康复训练模式是当务之急。展开更多
This paper explores children's language acquisition process and its application in educational practice based on Piaget's theory of cognitive development.Piaget's theory emphasizes that children's cogn...This paper explores children's language acquisition process and its application in educational practice based on Piaget's theory of cognitive development.Piaget's theory emphasizes that children's cognitive abilities develop progressively through different stages,from sensorimotor to concrete operational stages.Children's language acquisition progresses from simple to complex and from concrete to abstract during these stages.The paper integrates theoretical discussions on how to design effective language teaching strategies according to children's cognitive development characteristics to promote their language proficiency and overall cognitive development.展开更多
Wideband spectrum sensing has drawn much attention in recent years since it provides more opportunities to the secondary users. However, wideband spectrum sensing requires a long time and a complex mechanism at the se...Wideband spectrum sensing has drawn much attention in recent years since it provides more opportunities to the secondary users. However, wideband spectrum sensing requires a long time and a complex mechanism at the sensing terminal. A two-stage wideband spectrum sensing scheme is considered to proceed spectrum sensing with low time consumption and high performance to tackle this predicament. In this scheme, a novel multitaper spectrum sensing （MSS） method is proposed to mitigate the poor performance of energy detection （ED） in the low signal-to-noise ratio （SNR） region. The closed-form expression of the decision threshold is derived based on the Neyman-Pearson criterion and the probability of detection in the Rayleigh fading channel is analyzed. An optimization problem is formulated to maximize the probability of detection of the proposed two-stage scheme and the average sensing time of the two-stage scheme is analyzed. Numerical results validate the efficiency of MSS and show that the two-stage spectrum sensing scheme enjoys higher performance in the low SNR region and lower time cost in the high SNR region than the single-stage scheme.展开更多
Anodal transcranial direct current stimulation(AtDCS)has been shown to alleviate cognitive impairment in an APP/PS1 model of Alzheimer’s disease in the preclinical stage.However,this enhancement was only observed imm...Anodal transcranial direct current stimulation(AtDCS)has been shown to alleviate cognitive impairment in an APP/PS1 model of Alzheimer’s disease in the preclinical stage.However,this enhancement was only observed immediately after AtDCS,and the long-term effect of AtDCS remains unknown.In this study,we treated 26-week-old mouse models of Alzheimer’s disease in the preclinical stage with 10 AtDCS sessions or sham stimulation.The Morris water maze,novel object recognition task,and novel object location test were implemented to evaluate spatial learning memory and recognition memory of mice.Western blotting was used to detect the relevant protein content.Morphological changes were observed using immunohistochemistry and immunofluorescence staining.Six weeks after treatment,the mice subjected to AtDCS sessions had a shorter escape latency,a shorter path length,more platform area crossings,and spent more time in the target quadrant than sham-stimulated mice.The mice subjected to AtDCS sessions also performed better in the novel object recognition and novel object location tests than sham-stimulated mice.Furthermore,AtDCS reduced the levels of amyloid-β42 and glial fibrillary acidic protein,a marker of astrocyte activation,and increased the level of neuronal marker NeuN in hippocampal tissue.These findings suggest that AtDCS can improve the spatial learning and memory abilities and pathological state of an APP/PS1 mouse model of Alzheimer’s disease in the preclinical stage,with improvements that last for at least 6 weeks.展开更多
文摘目的探讨脑卒中患者康复期日常生活活动能力(activities of daily living,ADLs)及认知功能的动态变化。方法以2008年12月至2009年11月出院的脑卒中患者为研究对象,分别于患者出院前以及出院后3周、3个月、6个月进行ADLs及认知功能的调查。结果患者认知恢复较慢,仅出院后6个月的认知功能水平显著高于出院前(P<0.05),4个调查时点的认知功能缺损率分别为34.6%、26.0%、24.5%、21.1%;ADLs水平及独立能力持续提高,依赖率分别为62.0%、45.2%、38.9%、32.2%,出院后各个阶段的Barthel指数评分均高于出院前(P<0.05);认知功能障碍组的ADLs依赖水平显著高于正常组(P<0.05)。结论脑卒中患者的自然康复缓慢,且ADLs依赖水平与认知功能恢复有关,建立医院-社区-家庭的卒中康复训练模式是当务之急。
文摘This paper explores children's language acquisition process and its application in educational practice based on Piaget's theory of cognitive development.Piaget's theory emphasizes that children's cognitive abilities develop progressively through different stages,from sensorimotor to concrete operational stages.Children's language acquisition progresses from simple to complex and from concrete to abstract during these stages.The paper integrates theoretical discussions on how to design effective language teaching strategies according to children's cognitive development characteristics to promote their language proficiency and overall cognitive development.
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.61301179)the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(Grant No.2014M550479)the Doctorial Programs Foundation of the Ministry of Education,China(Grant No.20110203110011)
文摘Wideband spectrum sensing has drawn much attention in recent years since it provides more opportunities to the secondary users. However, wideband spectrum sensing requires a long time and a complex mechanism at the sensing terminal. A two-stage wideband spectrum sensing scheme is considered to proceed spectrum sensing with low time consumption and high performance to tackle this predicament. In this scheme, a novel multitaper spectrum sensing （MSS） method is proposed to mitigate the poor performance of energy detection （ED） in the low signal-to-noise ratio （SNR） region. The closed-form expression of the decision threshold is derived based on the Neyman-Pearson criterion and the probability of detection in the Rayleigh fading channel is analyzed. An optimization problem is formulated to maximize the probability of detection of the proposed two-stage scheme and the average sensing time of the two-stage scheme is analyzed. Numerical results validate the efficiency of MSS and show that the two-stage spectrum sensing scheme enjoys higher performance in the low SNR region and lower time cost in the high SNR region than the single-stage scheme.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.31971287(to XYW)the Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies Foundation of School of Basic Medical Science,Army Medical University of China,No.2018JCQY07(to HZW).
文摘Anodal transcranial direct current stimulation(AtDCS)has been shown to alleviate cognitive impairment in an APP/PS1 model of Alzheimer’s disease in the preclinical stage.However,this enhancement was only observed immediately after AtDCS,and the long-term effect of AtDCS remains unknown.In this study,we treated 26-week-old mouse models of Alzheimer’s disease in the preclinical stage with 10 AtDCS sessions or sham stimulation.The Morris water maze,novel object recognition task,and novel object location test were implemented to evaluate spatial learning memory and recognition memory of mice.Western blotting was used to detect the relevant protein content.Morphological changes were observed using immunohistochemistry and immunofluorescence staining.Six weeks after treatment,the mice subjected to AtDCS sessions had a shorter escape latency,a shorter path length,more platform area crossings,and spent more time in the target quadrant than sham-stimulated mice.The mice subjected to AtDCS sessions also performed better in the novel object recognition and novel object location tests than sham-stimulated mice.Furthermore,AtDCS reduced the levels of amyloid-β42 and glial fibrillary acidic protein,a marker of astrocyte activation,and increased the level of neuronal marker NeuN in hippocampal tissue.These findings suggest that AtDCS can improve the spatial learning and memory abilities and pathological state of an APP/PS1 mouse model of Alzheimer’s disease in the preclinical stage,with improvements that last for at least 6 weeks.
