为探明具有排根的引种作物—澳洲坚果对低磷的适应特征,采用室内控制试验与山地澳洲坚果园调查验证相结合的研究方法,对澳洲坚果幼苗、大树的排根和细根在土壤中的分布特征、根系分泌物“解磷”特性及磷素利用特征进行分析。结果表明:...为探明具有排根的引种作物—澳洲坚果对低磷的适应特征,采用室内控制试验与山地澳洲坚果园调查验证相结合的研究方法,对澳洲坚果幼苗、大树的排根和细根在土壤中的分布特征、根系分泌物“解磷”特性及磷素利用特征进行分析。结果表明:室内控制试验中澳洲坚果61.80%-71.29%的排根及63.81%-82.60%的细根分布在0-40cm的土层,山地果园中澳洲坚果的排根及细根分布在0-40cm土层,80%以上的排根与细根分布于表层0-20cm的土壤,但细根在20-40cm土层中分布比例较排根多;低磷处理或不施化肥(山地果园)能促进排根产生,适度施磷处理(40mg/kg)或不施化肥(山地果园)有助于细根在表层土壤的生长,高磷处理(400mg/kg)或山地果园中长期施含磷(P 2 O 5含量15%)化肥则抑制其排根产生和细根生长;排根及细根均能大量分泌酸性磷酸酶和柠檬酸进行“解磷”,排根分泌量远大于细根,排根越多,酸性磷酸酶和柠檬酸分泌量越大;随着施磷量的升高,澳洲坚果叶片磷含量也升高,但土壤磷含量与叶片磷含量相关性较差,而不施磷处理(0mg/kg)和山地果园不施化肥条件下,澳洲坚果叶片中磷含量均在正常水平(含量为0.068%-0.071%),没有发现缺磷症状,高磷(400mg/kg)处理和长期施用“高磷”的复合化肥澳洲坚果叶片有磷中毒倾向(含量达0.11%);外源含磷复合化肥施入土壤中后,土壤中总磷含量随施入量的增加而升高,尤其山地澳洲坚果园长期施用“高磷”化肥,土壤表层(0-20cm)总磷含量高达3.59g/kg。可见,引种到本地种植的澳洲坚果,仍能适应低磷环境,但为了保障澳洲坚果经济产量,适度的外源磷投入是需要的,生产上采用叶片营养诊断法指导磷肥的施用是必要的。展开更多
Propagation of exotic plant species is found in many regions of Madagascar Island. This work aims to describe the impacts of the propagation of Grevillea banksii on soil microbial activities and on the regeneration of...Propagation of exotic plant species is found in many regions of Madagascar Island. This work aims to describe the impacts of the propagation of Grevillea banksii on soil microbial activities and on the regeneration of two native tree species （Intsia bij＇uga and Dalbergia trichocarpa） in the eastern part of Madagascar. The study was conducted within Ianjomara forest where some types of the vegetation are observed such as an area characterized by grassland （P 1）, by homogeneous population of G. banksii （P2） and by a natural forest composed mainly of L bijuga or D. trichocarpa （P3 and P4）. Structure of mycorrhizal fungi communities and associated microorganisms were described on soils from each study plot. The development of I. b^juga and 1）. trichocarpa, was evaluated 4 months after planting on P1, P2, P3, P4 soils formerly colonized by G. banksii. According to the nutrients availability on each soil type, the development of G. banksii was accompanied or not by a high formation of cluster roots. The authors＇ results also show that soil occupied by G. banksii decreased the global microbial and phosphatase activities of soil especially on soil within a high density of cluster roots. Moderately mycotrophic, G. banksii disturbs the structure and the dynamics of symbiotic microflora such as endomycorrhizal fungi （MA） and rhizobia associated with the two native tree species. The findings illustrate the negative impact of G. banksii propagation on the regeneration and the conservation of native tree species in Madagascarian forest.展开更多
现今大容量远距离输电系统已成为必然的发展趋势,但其由于系统自身机构可能会引起次同步谐振从而破坏电力系统的稳定性。为了降低次同步谐振带来的影响,以IEEE Second Benchmark Model作为基础模型,介绍了基于时滞反馈理论所设计的新型...现今大容量远距离输电系统已成为必然的发展趋势,但其由于系统自身机构可能会引起次同步谐振从而破坏电力系统的稳定性。为了降低次同步谐振带来的影响,以IEEE Second Benchmark Model作为基础模型,介绍了基于时滞反馈理论所设计的新型控制器并运用其来抑制由于次同步谐振所引起的轴系扭曲。同时借助于特征根聚类法(CTCR)计算出时滞反馈控制器的稳定时间延迟区域。最后以非线性模型的时域仿真来校验时滞反馈控制器抑制次同步轴系谐振的效果,通过仿真可以得出时滞反馈控制系统能有效地抑制次同步谐振。展开更多
文摘为探明具有排根的引种作物—澳洲坚果对低磷的适应特征,采用室内控制试验与山地澳洲坚果园调查验证相结合的研究方法,对澳洲坚果幼苗、大树的排根和细根在土壤中的分布特征、根系分泌物“解磷”特性及磷素利用特征进行分析。结果表明:室内控制试验中澳洲坚果61.80%-71.29%的排根及63.81%-82.60%的细根分布在0-40cm的土层,山地果园中澳洲坚果的排根及细根分布在0-40cm土层,80%以上的排根与细根分布于表层0-20cm的土壤,但细根在20-40cm土层中分布比例较排根多;低磷处理或不施化肥(山地果园)能促进排根产生,适度施磷处理(40mg/kg)或不施化肥(山地果园)有助于细根在表层土壤的生长,高磷处理(400mg/kg)或山地果园中长期施含磷(P 2 O 5含量15%)化肥则抑制其排根产生和细根生长;排根及细根均能大量分泌酸性磷酸酶和柠檬酸进行“解磷”,排根分泌量远大于细根,排根越多,酸性磷酸酶和柠檬酸分泌量越大;随着施磷量的升高,澳洲坚果叶片磷含量也升高,但土壤磷含量与叶片磷含量相关性较差,而不施磷处理(0mg/kg)和山地果园不施化肥条件下,澳洲坚果叶片中磷含量均在正常水平(含量为0.068%-0.071%),没有发现缺磷症状,高磷(400mg/kg)处理和长期施用“高磷”的复合化肥澳洲坚果叶片有磷中毒倾向(含量达0.11%);外源含磷复合化肥施入土壤中后,土壤中总磷含量随施入量的增加而升高,尤其山地澳洲坚果园长期施用“高磷”化肥,土壤表层(0-20cm)总磷含量高达3.59g/kg。可见,引种到本地种植的澳洲坚果,仍能适应低磷环境,但为了保障澳洲坚果经济产量,适度的外源磷投入是需要的,生产上采用叶片营养诊断法指导磷肥的施用是必要的。
文摘Propagation of exotic plant species is found in many regions of Madagascar Island. This work aims to describe the impacts of the propagation of Grevillea banksii on soil microbial activities and on the regeneration of two native tree species （Intsia bij＇uga and Dalbergia trichocarpa） in the eastern part of Madagascar. The study was conducted within Ianjomara forest where some types of the vegetation are observed such as an area characterized by grassland （P 1）, by homogeneous population of G. banksii （P2） and by a natural forest composed mainly of L bijuga or D. trichocarpa （P3 and P4）. Structure of mycorrhizal fungi communities and associated microorganisms were described on soils from each study plot. The development of I. b^juga and 1）. trichocarpa, was evaluated 4 months after planting on P1, P2, P3, P4 soils formerly colonized by G. banksii. According to the nutrients availability on each soil type, the development of G. banksii was accompanied or not by a high formation of cluster roots. The authors＇ results also show that soil occupied by G. banksii decreased the global microbial and phosphatase activities of soil especially on soil within a high density of cluster roots. Moderately mycotrophic, G. banksii disturbs the structure and the dynamics of symbiotic microflora such as endomycorrhizal fungi （MA） and rhizobia associated with the two native tree species. The findings illustrate the negative impact of G. banksii propagation on the regeneration and the conservation of native tree species in Madagascarian forest.
文摘现今大容量远距离输电系统已成为必然的发展趋势,但其由于系统自身机构可能会引起次同步谐振从而破坏电力系统的稳定性。为了降低次同步谐振带来的影响,以IEEE Second Benchmark Model作为基础模型,介绍了基于时滞反馈理论所设计的新型控制器并运用其来抑制由于次同步谐振所引起的轴系扭曲。同时借助于特征根聚类法(CTCR)计算出时滞反馈控制器的稳定时间延迟区域。最后以非线性模型的时域仿真来校验时滞反馈控制器抑制次同步轴系谐振的效果,通过仿真可以得出时滞反馈控制系统能有效地抑制次同步谐振。
