以贫困形势严峻和地理环境空间异质性显著的贵州省为案例,将分类与回归树(Classification and Regression Tree,CART)模型引入贫困研究,分析了贫困空间格局影响因素并制定了相关对策。结论表明:①贵州省的贫困格局呈现出典型的敞口“马...以贫困形势严峻和地理环境空间异质性显著的贵州省为案例,将分类与回归树(Classification and Regression Tree,CART)模型引入贫困研究,分析了贫困空间格局影响因素并制定了相关对策。结论表明:①贵州省的贫困格局呈现出典型的敞口“马蹄”形结构,黔东、南和西部地区高而中部及北部较低。②基于CART模型的贵州省贫困影响因素重要性的排序为平均隔离度>路网密度>水域比例>平均偏远度>NDVI>年均降水。③根据CART模型决策规则,对贵州省扶贫攻坚提出以下对策建议:首先,应采取更加“精准”的易地扶贫和村镇体系规划降低居民点隔离度,确保居民点之间平均隔离度小于4847 m。其次,在居民点距离确定的基础上,应科学改善区域的生产生活用水条件,将水域面积比例尽可能提升至0.8%以上,保障生活用水和生产灌溉,提升水资源承载能力。最后,在确保居民点隔离度改善,水资源丰度提升的前提下,应重视喀斯特石漠化地区的生态保护修复,将县域的NDVI提升至0.45以上,提高区域生态资产,提升贫困社区韧性,将生态保护与脱贫攻坚相结合,促进区域人地关系和谐发展。展开更多
<strong>Purpose of Review:</strong> The management of eye injuries is both difficult and argumentative. This study attempts to highlight the management of ocular trauma using currently available informatio...<strong>Purpose of Review:</strong> The management of eye injuries is both difficult and argumentative. This study attempts to highlight the management of ocular trauma using currently available information in the literature and author experience. This review presents a workable framework from the first presentation, epidemiology, classification, investigations, management principles, complications, prognostic factors, final visual outcome and management debates. <strong>Review Findings:</strong> Mechanical ocular trauma is a leading cause of monocular blindness and possible handicap worldwide. Among several classification systems, the most widely accepted is Birmingham Eye Trauma Terminology (BETT). Mechanical ocular trauma is a topic of unsolved controversy. Patching for corneal abrasion, paracentesis for hyphema, the timing of cataract surgery and intraocular lens implantation are all issues in anterior segment injuries. Regarding posterior segment controversies, the timing of vitrectomy, use of prophylactic cryotherapy, the necessity of intravitreal antibiotics in the absence of infection, the use of vitrectomy vs vitreous tap in traumatic endophthalmitis is the issues. The pediatric age group needs to be approached by a different protocol due to the risk of amblyopia, intraocular inflammation, and significant vitreoretinal adhesions. The various prognostic factors have a role in the final visual outcome. B scan is used to exclude R.D, Intraocular foreign body (IOFB), and vitreous haemorrhage in hazy media. Individual surgical strategies are used for every patient according to the classification and extent of the injuries. <strong>Conclusion:</strong> This article examines relevant evidence on the management challenges and controversies of mechanical trauma of the eye and offers treatment recommendations based on published research and the authors’ own experience.展开更多
文摘以贫困形势严峻和地理环境空间异质性显著的贵州省为案例,将分类与回归树(Classification and Regression Tree,CART)模型引入贫困研究,分析了贫困空间格局影响因素并制定了相关对策。结论表明:①贵州省的贫困格局呈现出典型的敞口“马蹄”形结构,黔东、南和西部地区高而中部及北部较低。②基于CART模型的贵州省贫困影响因素重要性的排序为平均隔离度>路网密度>水域比例>平均偏远度>NDVI>年均降水。③根据CART模型决策规则,对贵州省扶贫攻坚提出以下对策建议:首先,应采取更加“精准”的易地扶贫和村镇体系规划降低居民点隔离度,确保居民点之间平均隔离度小于4847 m。其次,在居民点距离确定的基础上,应科学改善区域的生产生活用水条件,将水域面积比例尽可能提升至0.8%以上,保障生活用水和生产灌溉,提升水资源承载能力。最后,在确保居民点隔离度改善,水资源丰度提升的前提下,应重视喀斯特石漠化地区的生态保护修复,将县域的NDVI提升至0.45以上,提高区域生态资产,提升贫困社区韧性,将生态保护与脱贫攻坚相结合,促进区域人地关系和谐发展。
文摘<strong>Purpose of Review:</strong> The management of eye injuries is both difficult and argumentative. This study attempts to highlight the management of ocular trauma using currently available information in the literature and author experience. This review presents a workable framework from the first presentation, epidemiology, classification, investigations, management principles, complications, prognostic factors, final visual outcome and management debates. <strong>Review Findings:</strong> Mechanical ocular trauma is a leading cause of monocular blindness and possible handicap worldwide. Among several classification systems, the most widely accepted is Birmingham Eye Trauma Terminology (BETT). Mechanical ocular trauma is a topic of unsolved controversy. Patching for corneal abrasion, paracentesis for hyphema, the timing of cataract surgery and intraocular lens implantation are all issues in anterior segment injuries. Regarding posterior segment controversies, the timing of vitrectomy, use of prophylactic cryotherapy, the necessity of intravitreal antibiotics in the absence of infection, the use of vitrectomy vs vitreous tap in traumatic endophthalmitis is the issues. The pediatric age group needs to be approached by a different protocol due to the risk of amblyopia, intraocular inflammation, and significant vitreoretinal adhesions. The various prognostic factors have a role in the final visual outcome. B scan is used to exclude R.D, Intraocular foreign body (IOFB), and vitreous haemorrhage in hazy media. Individual surgical strategies are used for every patient according to the classification and extent of the injuries. <strong>Conclusion:</strong> This article examines relevant evidence on the management challenges and controversies of mechanical trauma of the eye and offers treatment recommendations based on published research and the authors’ own experience.
