The recovery of pectin from citrus peel waste for application in the food,nutraceutical,pharmaceutical,and medical industries has attracted much interest.It has been postulated that the presence of polyphenols,sometim...The recovery of pectin from citrus peel waste for application in the food,nutraceutical,pharmaceutical,and medical industries has attracted much interest.It has been postulated that the presence of polyphenols,sometimes regarded as an impurity,in extracted pectin might confer enhanced biological property.This research study aimed at investigating the physicochemical and biological properties(antioxidant,enzyme inhibitory,and cytotoxic properties)of pectin extracted from the alcohol insoluble residues of the peel waste of grapefruit,lime,and lemon as well as the pectin recovered from untreated peel waste.The rheological behavior of the pectin samples was also evaluated.High methoxyl pectin with galacturonic acid content greater that 60%was recovered from the different raw materials.Pectin obtained from untreated material possessed high phenolic content(19.83-5.94 mg gallic acid equivalent/g sample)and showed higher antioxidant activity.Inhibition against pancreatic cholesterol esterase,pancreatic lipase,andα-glucosidase was observed and pectin enriched with polyphenol showed higher activity.Addition of pectin samples to healthy Vero cells enhanced proliferation and did not show cytotoxic effect.Pectin solutions extracted from untreated lime and untreated grapefruit presented highest viscosity and elastic modulus,which were comparable to those obtained for commercial high-methoxyl pectin.Pectin extracted from lime,lemon,and grapefruit peels possessed interesting biological and viscoelastic properties,which can be exploited for development of novel bioproducts.展开更多
Fruits are regarded as the richest dietary sources of polyphenols,carotenoids,terpenoids,and limonoids,making them highly desired prospects for the functional food industry.Citrus waste that remains after fruit proces...Fruits are regarded as the richest dietary sources of polyphenols,carotenoids,terpenoids,and limonoids,making them highly desired prospects for the functional food industry.Citrus waste that remains after fruit processing is also regarded as a valuable source of value-added phytochemicals.A comprehensive analysis of mandarin composition as a determinant of fruit functional properties,health benefits,and valorization into useful products is represented together with the effect of different processes such as light,wax coating,auxin addition,ozone treatment,and ethylene degreening.Such reviewing evidence is an essential precondition for improving the selling market of mandarin and highlighting its waste valorization potential and its incorporation into useful products produced by pharmaceutical industries.In this study,the phytochemical and biological reports presented to emphasize the needed priority for agricultural techniques to provide a certain mandarin product or trait.In addition,the paper summarizes the optimum conditions applied for the updated extraction techniques for phenolic acids,flavonoids,and oils at a commercial scale from mandarin peels and to enhance its global marketing.A brief representation is given towards potential mandarin patents and the valorization of its bio-waste fruits into commercial products of added value.The review can guide researchers to produce future potentially marketed functional food enriched with mandarin extracts and/or bioactives.展开更多
Citrus peel is a major fruit waste generated during the processing of citrus fruits. We extracted and chemically characterised essential oil from four different species of citrus peel waste and evaluated its insectici...Citrus peel is a major fruit waste generated during the processing of citrus fruits. We extracted and chemically characterised essential oil from four different species of citrus peel waste and evaluated its insecticidal, antioxidant and phytotoxic activities. GC-MS/MS characterisation revealed D-limonene as the major constituent of citrus peel waste essential oil. The essential oils from the four citrus peel wastes showed significant contact, fumigant and repellent activities against two key stored grain pests Tribolium castaneum (Herbst) and Callosobruchus chinensis (L.). DPPH, ABTS, and FRAP assays revealed the antioxidant potential of the citrus peel waste essential oil. The essential oil did not affect the germination of wheat seeds and revealed the safety of essential oil to germinating seeds. Hence, the essential oil extracted from citrus peel waste can be valorised and utilised as a botanical insecticide against T. castaneum and C. chinensis .展开更多
基金This work was supported by the Carnegie Corporation of New York(G 17-55192)the Department of Science and Innovation,and National Research Foundation(NRF)Centre of Excellence in Food Security project ID 91490.
文摘The recovery of pectin from citrus peel waste for application in the food,nutraceutical,pharmaceutical,and medical industries has attracted much interest.It has been postulated that the presence of polyphenols,sometimes regarded as an impurity,in extracted pectin might confer enhanced biological property.This research study aimed at investigating the physicochemical and biological properties(antioxidant,enzyme inhibitory,and cytotoxic properties)of pectin extracted from the alcohol insoluble residues of the peel waste of grapefruit,lime,and lemon as well as the pectin recovered from untreated peel waste.The rheological behavior of the pectin samples was also evaluated.High methoxyl pectin with galacturonic acid content greater that 60%was recovered from the different raw materials.Pectin obtained from untreated material possessed high phenolic content(19.83-5.94 mg gallic acid equivalent/g sample)and showed higher antioxidant activity.Inhibition against pancreatic cholesterol esterase,pancreatic lipase,andα-glucosidase was observed and pectin enriched with polyphenol showed higher activity.Addition of pectin samples to healthy Vero cells enhanced proliferation and did not show cytotoxic effect.Pectin solutions extracted from untreated lime and untreated grapefruit presented highest viscosity and elastic modulus,which were comparable to those obtained for commercial high-methoxyl pectin.Pectin extracted from lime,lemon,and grapefruit peels possessed interesting biological and viscoelastic properties,which can be exploited for development of novel bioproducts.
文摘Fruits are regarded as the richest dietary sources of polyphenols,carotenoids,terpenoids,and limonoids,making them highly desired prospects for the functional food industry.Citrus waste that remains after fruit processing is also regarded as a valuable source of value-added phytochemicals.A comprehensive analysis of mandarin composition as a determinant of fruit functional properties,health benefits,and valorization into useful products is represented together with the effect of different processes such as light,wax coating,auxin addition,ozone treatment,and ethylene degreening.Such reviewing evidence is an essential precondition for improving the selling market of mandarin and highlighting its waste valorization potential and its incorporation into useful products produced by pharmaceutical industries.In this study,the phytochemical and biological reports presented to emphasize the needed priority for agricultural techniques to provide a certain mandarin product or trait.In addition,the paper summarizes the optimum conditions applied for the updated extraction techniques for phenolic acids,flavonoids,and oils at a commercial scale from mandarin peels and to enhance its global marketing.A brief representation is given towards potential mandarin patents and the valorization of its bio-waste fruits into commercial products of added value.The review can guide researchers to produce future potentially marketed functional food enriched with mandarin extracts and/or bioactives.
基金The authors express their profound gratitude and sincere appreciation to the Kerala Agricultural University for attaining facilities,Indian Council of Agricultural Research(ICAR),New Delhi,for ICAR AICE-JRF/SRF(Ph.D.)-2019 and University Grants Commission(UGC),New Delhi,India for awarding CSIR-UGC Fellowship to Mr.Visakh,N.U.
文摘Citrus peel is a major fruit waste generated during the processing of citrus fruits. We extracted and chemically characterised essential oil from four different species of citrus peel waste and evaluated its insecticidal, antioxidant and phytotoxic activities. GC-MS/MS characterisation revealed D-limonene as the major constituent of citrus peel waste essential oil. The essential oils from the four citrus peel wastes showed significant contact, fumigant and repellent activities against two key stored grain pests Tribolium castaneum (Herbst) and Callosobruchus chinensis (L.). DPPH, ABTS, and FRAP assays revealed the antioxidant potential of the citrus peel waste essential oil. The essential oil did not affect the germination of wheat seeds and revealed the safety of essential oil to germinating seeds. Hence, the essential oil extracted from citrus peel waste can be valorised and utilised as a botanical insecticide against T. castaneum and C. chinensis .
