Warp yarns and weft yarns of plain woven fabric are the principal axes of mate- rial of fabric. They are orthogonal in their original con?guration, but are obliquely crisscross in deformed con?guration in general. I...Warp yarns and weft yarns of plain woven fabric are the principal axes of mate- rial of fabric. They are orthogonal in their original con?guration, but are obliquely crisscross in deformed con?guration in general. In this paper the expressions of incremental components of strain tensor are derived, the non-linear model of woven fabric is linearized physically and its geometric non-linearity survives. The convenience of determining the total deformation is shown by the choice of the coordinate system of the principal axes of the material, with the convergence of the incremental methods illustrated by examples. This incremental model furnishes a basis for numerical simulations of fabric draping and wrinkling based on the micro-mechanical model of fabric.展开更多
Variation and evolution process of leachate can be applied as a reference for landfill stabilization phase. In this work, leachates with different ages were collected from Laogang Refuse Landfill, and characterized wi...Variation and evolution process of leachate can be applied as a reference for landfill stabilization phase. In this work, leachates with different ages were collected from Laogang Refuse Landfill, and characterized with 14 key parameters. Simultaneously, principal component analysis (PCA) was applied to develop a synthetic parameter-F based on these 14 parameters, and a logarithm equation was simulated for the landfill stabilization process finally. It was predicted that leachates would meet Class I and Class II in standard for pollution control on the landfill site of municipal solid waste (GB 16889-1997) after 32 years and 22 years disposal under the natural attenuation in the humid and warm southern areas of China, respectively. The predication of landfill state would be more accurate and useful according to the synthetic parameter F of leachate from a working landfill.展开更多
Based on a systemic survey, the pyrolysis characteristics and apparent kinetics of the municipal solid waste ( MSW) under different conditions were researched using a special pyrolysis reactor, which could overcome ...Based on a systemic survey, the pyrolysis characteristics and apparent kinetics of the municipal solid waste ( MSW) under different conditions were researched using a special pyrolysis reactor, which could overcome the disadvantage of thermo-gravimetric analyzer. The thermal decomposition behaviour of MSW was investigated using thermo-gravimetric ( TG ) analysis at rates of 4.8,6.6,8.4, 12.0 and 13. 2 K/min. The pyrolysis characteristics of MSW were also studied in different function districts. The pyrolysis of MSW is a complex reaction process and three main stages are found according to the results. The first stage represents the degradation of cellulose and hemicellulose, with the maximum degradation rate occuring at 150℃ -200 ℃: the second stage represents dehydrochlorination and depolymerization of intermediate products and the differential thermogravimetric ( DTG ) curves have shoulder peaks at about 300℃: the third stage is the decomposition of the residual big molecular organic substance and lignin at 400 ℃- 600 ℃. Within the range of given experimental conditions, the results of non-linear fitting algorithm and experiment are in agreement with each other and the correlation coefficients are over0. 99. The kinetic characteristics are concerned with the material component and heating rate. The activation energy of reaction decreases with the increase of heating rate.展开更多
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 10272079).
文摘Warp yarns and weft yarns of plain woven fabric are the principal axes of mate- rial of fabric. They are orthogonal in their original con?guration, but are obliquely crisscross in deformed con?guration in general. In this paper the expressions of incremental components of strain tensor are derived, the non-linear model of woven fabric is linearized physically and its geometric non-linearity survives. The convenience of determining the total deformation is shown by the choice of the coordinate system of the principal axes of the material, with the convergence of the incremental methods illustrated by examples. This incremental model furnishes a basis for numerical simulations of fabric draping and wrinkling based on the micro-mechanical model of fabric.
基金This work was financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 50908144 and 41173108),"Chenguang" project supported by Shanghai Municipal Education Commission and Shanghai Education Development Foundation (No. Z1126862), SCM-"Chenxing" project by Shanghai Jiaotong University (2011) and Key Project of Science and Technology Commission of Shanghai Municipality (Nos. 10DZ120010B, 10DZ0583205, 2010BAK69B24).
文摘Variation and evolution process of leachate can be applied as a reference for landfill stabilization phase. In this work, leachates with different ages were collected from Laogang Refuse Landfill, and characterized with 14 key parameters. Simultaneously, principal component analysis (PCA) was applied to develop a synthetic parameter-F based on these 14 parameters, and a logarithm equation was simulated for the landfill stabilization process finally. It was predicted that leachates would meet Class I and Class II in standard for pollution control on the landfill site of municipal solid waste (GB 16889-1997) after 32 years and 22 years disposal under the natural attenuation in the humid and warm southern areas of China, respectively. The predication of landfill state would be more accurate and useful according to the synthetic parameter F of leachate from a working landfill.
基金Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China( No. 50378061).
文摘Based on a systemic survey, the pyrolysis characteristics and apparent kinetics of the municipal solid waste ( MSW) under different conditions were researched using a special pyrolysis reactor, which could overcome the disadvantage of thermo-gravimetric analyzer. The thermal decomposition behaviour of MSW was investigated using thermo-gravimetric ( TG ) analysis at rates of 4.8,6.6,8.4, 12.0 and 13. 2 K/min. The pyrolysis characteristics of MSW were also studied in different function districts. The pyrolysis of MSW is a complex reaction process and three main stages are found according to the results. The first stage represents the degradation of cellulose and hemicellulose, with the maximum degradation rate occuring at 150℃ -200 ℃: the second stage represents dehydrochlorination and depolymerization of intermediate products and the differential thermogravimetric ( DTG ) curves have shoulder peaks at about 300℃: the third stage is the decomposition of the residual big molecular organic substance and lignin at 400 ℃- 600 ℃. Within the range of given experimental conditions, the results of non-linear fitting algorithm and experiment are in agreement with each other and the correlation coefficients are over0. 99. The kinetic characteristics are concerned with the material component and heating rate. The activation energy of reaction decreases with the increase of heating rate.