The properties of propagating surface plasmon polaritons(SPPs)along one-dimensional metal structures have been investigated for more than 10 years and are now well understood.Because of the high confinement of electro...The properties of propagating surface plasmon polaritons(SPPs)along one-dimensional metal structures have been investigated for more than 10 years and are now well understood.Because of the high confinement of electromagnetic energy,propagating SPPs have been considered to represent one of the best potential ways to construct next-generation circuits that use light to overcome the speed limit of electronics.Many basic plasmonic components have already been developed.In this review,researches on plasmonic waveguides are reviewed from the perspective of plasmonic circuits.Several circuit components are constructed to demonstrate the basic function of an optical digital circuit.In the end of this review,a prototype for an SPP-based nanochip is proposed,and the problems associated with building such plasmonic circuits are discussed.A plasmonic chip that can be practically applied is expected to become available in the near future.展开更多
Gas identification and concentration measurements are important for both understanding and monitoring a variety of phenomena from industrial processes to environmental change.Here a novel mid-IR plasmonic gas sensor w...Gas identification and concentration measurements are important for both understanding and monitoring a variety of phenomena from industrial processes to environmental change.Here a novel mid-IR plasmonic gas sensor with on-chip direct readout is proposed based on unity integration of narrowband spectral response,localized field enhancement and thermal detection.A systematic investigation consisting of both optical and thermal simulations for gas sensing is presented for the first time in three sensing modes including refractive index sensing,absorption sensing and spectroscopy,respectively.It is found that a detection limit less than 100 ppm for CO2 could be realized by a combination of surface plasmon resonance enhancement and metal-organic framework gas enrichment with an enhancement factor over 8000 in an ultracompact optical interaction length of only several microns.Moreover,on-chip spectroscopy is demonstrated with the compressive sensing algorithm via a narrowband plasmonic sensor array.An array of 80 such sensors with an average resonance linewidth of 10 nm reconstructs the CO2 molecular absorption spectrum with the estimated resolution of approximately 0.01 nm far beyond the state-of-the-art spectrometer.The novel device design and analytical method are expected to provide a promising technique for extensive applications of distributed or portable mid-IR gas sensor.展开更多
Predicting the cutting forces required for five-axis flank milling is a challenging task due to the difficulties involved in determining the Undeformed Chip Thickness(UCT) and CutterWorkpiece Engagement(CWE). To solve...Predicting the cutting forces required for five-axis flank milling is a challenging task due to the difficulties involved in determining the Undeformed Chip Thickness(UCT) and CutterWorkpiece Engagement(CWE). To solve these problems, this paper presents a new mechanistic cutting force model based on the geometrical analysis of a flank milling process. In the model,the part feature and corresponding cutting location data are taken as input information. The UCT considering cutter runout is calculated according to the instantaneous feed rate of the element cutting edges. A solid-discrete-based method is used to precisely and efficiently identify the CWE between the end mill and the surface being machined. Then, after calibrating the specific force coef-ficients, the mechanistic milling force can be obtained. During the validation process, two practical operations, three-axis flank milling of a vertical surface and five-axis flank milling of a nondevelopable ruled surface, are conducted. Comparisons between predicted and measured cutting forces demonstrate the reliability of the proposed cutting force model.展开更多
Nanometer chips were directly fabricated using face nanogrinding carried out by ultrafine diamond grits at room temperature. Direct evidence for ground nanometer chips is cuboid, and the average ratio of width to thic...Nanometer chips were directly fabricated using face nanogrinding carried out by ultrafine diamond grits at room temperature. Direct evidence for ground nanometer chips is cuboid, and the average ratio of width to thickness is 1.49. Chips of 9.0 nm in thickness, 13.3 nm in width, and 16.0 in diagonal were achieved and confirmed using transmission electron microscopy. Based on the nanometer chips observed, a model was proposed according to the mass conservation and fundamental mechanism of face grinding. The surface roughness and thickness of damaged layers measured experimentally are in good agreement with the prediction of the developed model. The feed rate significantly affects the surface roughness and thickness of damaged layers, when keeping the wheel and table speeds constant, respectively.展开更多
Ultrasonic vibration grinding differs from traditional grinding in terms of its material removal mechanism.The randomness of grain-workpiece interaction in ultrasonic vibration grinding can produce variable chips and ...Ultrasonic vibration grinding differs from traditional grinding in terms of its material removal mechanism.The randomness of grain-workpiece interaction in ultrasonic vibration grinding can produce variable chips and impact the surface roughness of workpiece.However,previous studies used iterative method to calculate the unformed chip thickness(UCT),which has low computational efficiency.In this study,a symbolic difference method is proposed to calculate the UCT.The UCT distributions are obtained to describe the stochastic interaction characteristics of ultrasonic grinding process.Meanwhile,the UCT distribution characteristics under different machining parameters are analyzed.Then,a surface roughness prediction model is established based on the UCT distribution.Finally,the correctness of the model is verified by experiments.This study provides a quick and accurate method for predicting surface roughness in longitudinal ultrasonic vibration grinding.展开更多
We characterize the current crowding effect for microwave radiation on a chip surface based on a quantum wide-field microscope combining a wide-field reconstruction technique. A swept microwave signal with the power o...We characterize the current crowding effect for microwave radiation on a chip surface based on a quantum wide-field microscope combining a wide-field reconstruction technique. A swept microwave signal with the power of 0–30 d Bm is supplied to a dumbbell-shaped microstrip antenna, and the significant differences in microwave magnetic-field amplitudes attributed to the current crowding effect are experimentally observed in a 2.20 mm ×1.22 mm imaging area. The normalized microwave magnetic-field amplitude along the horizontal geometrical center of the image area further demonstrates the feasibility of the characterization of the current crowding effect. The experiments indicate the proposal can be qualified for the characterization of the anomalous area of the radio-frequency chip surface.展开更多
基金This work was supported by National Nature Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.91436102,11374353 and 11474141).
文摘The properties of propagating surface plasmon polaritons(SPPs)along one-dimensional metal structures have been investigated for more than 10 years and are now well understood.Because of the high confinement of electromagnetic energy,propagating SPPs have been considered to represent one of the best potential ways to construct next-generation circuits that use light to overcome the speed limit of electronics.Many basic plasmonic components have already been developed.In this review,researches on plasmonic waveguides are reviewed from the perspective of plasmonic circuits.Several circuit components are constructed to demonstrate the basic function of an optical digital circuit.In the end of this review,a prototype for an SPP-based nanochip is proposed,and the problems associated with building such plasmonic circuits are discussed.A plasmonic chip that can be practically applied is expected to become available in the near future.
基金We are grateful for financial supports from National Key Research and Development Program of China(No.2019YFB2203402)National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.11774383,11774099,11874029)+3 种基金Guangdong Science and Technology Program International Cooperation Program(2018A050506039)Guangdong Natural Science Founds for Distinguished Young Scholars(No.2020B151502074),Pearl River Talent Plan Program of Guangdong(No.2019QN01X120)Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities,Royal Society Newton Advanced Fellowship(No.NA140301)Key Frontier Scientific Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(No.QYZDBSSW-JSC014).
文摘Gas identification and concentration measurements are important for both understanding and monitoring a variety of phenomena from industrial processes to environmental change.Here a novel mid-IR plasmonic gas sensor with on-chip direct readout is proposed based on unity integration of narrowband spectral response,localized field enhancement and thermal detection.A systematic investigation consisting of both optical and thermal simulations for gas sensing is presented for the first time in three sensing modes including refractive index sensing,absorption sensing and spectroscopy,respectively.It is found that a detection limit less than 100 ppm for CO2 could be realized by a combination of surface plasmon resonance enhancement and metal-organic framework gas enrichment with an enhancement factor over 8000 in an ultracompact optical interaction length of only several microns.Moreover,on-chip spectroscopy is demonstrated with the compressive sensing algorithm via a narrowband plasmonic sensor array.An array of 80 such sensors with an average resonance linewidth of 10 nm reconstructs the CO2 molecular absorption spectrum with the estimated resolution of approximately 0.01 nm far beyond the state-of-the-art spectrometer.The novel device design and analytical method are expected to provide a promising technique for extensive applications of distributed or portable mid-IR gas sensor.
基金co-supported by the Major National S&T Program(No.2014ZX04014-031)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.51225503)
文摘Predicting the cutting forces required for five-axis flank milling is a challenging task due to the difficulties involved in determining the Undeformed Chip Thickness(UCT) and CutterWorkpiece Engagement(CWE). To solve these problems, this paper presents a new mechanistic cutting force model based on the geometrical analysis of a flank milling process. In the model,the part feature and corresponding cutting location data are taken as input information. The UCT considering cutter runout is calculated according to the instantaneous feed rate of the element cutting edges. A solid-discrete-based method is used to precisely and efficiently identify the CWE between the end mill and the surface being machined. Then, after calibrating the specific force coef-ficients, the mechanistic milling force can be obtained. During the validation process, two practical operations, three-axis flank milling of a vertical surface and five-axis flank milling of a nondevelopable ruled surface, are conducted. Comparisons between predicted and measured cutting forces demonstrate the reliability of the proposed cutting force model.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 91123013)Tribology Science Fund of State Key Laboratory of Tribology (Grant No. SKLTKF12A08) (Tsinghua University)+1 种基金Fund of State Key Laboratory of Metastable Materials Science and Technology (Grant No. 201302) (Yanshan University)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (Grant No. DUT13YQ109)
文摘Nanometer chips were directly fabricated using face nanogrinding carried out by ultrafine diamond grits at room temperature. Direct evidence for ground nanometer chips is cuboid, and the average ratio of width to thickness is 1.49. Chips of 9.0 nm in thickness, 13.3 nm in width, and 16.0 in diagonal were achieved and confirmed using transmission electron microscopy. Based on the nanometer chips observed, a model was proposed according to the mass conservation and fundamental mechanism of face grinding. The surface roughness and thickness of damaged layers measured experimentally are in good agreement with the prediction of the developed model. The feed rate significantly affects the surface roughness and thickness of damaged layers, when keeping the wheel and table speeds constant, respectively.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(No.2018YFB2000402)the Open Fund Project of Xinchang Research Institute of Zhejiang University of Technology,and the Fundamental Research Funds for the Universities of Henan Province,China(No.NSFRF200102).
文摘Ultrasonic vibration grinding differs from traditional grinding in terms of its material removal mechanism.The randomness of grain-workpiece interaction in ultrasonic vibration grinding can produce variable chips and impact the surface roughness of workpiece.However,previous studies used iterative method to calculate the unformed chip thickness(UCT),which has low computational efficiency.In this study,a symbolic difference method is proposed to calculate the UCT.The UCT distributions are obtained to describe the stochastic interaction characteristics of ultrasonic grinding process.Meanwhile,the UCT distribution characteristics under different machining parameters are analyzed.Then,a surface roughness prediction model is established based on the UCT distribution.Finally,the correctness of the model is verified by experiments.This study provides a quick and accurate method for predicting surface roughness in longitudinal ultrasonic vibration grinding.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos. 51821003, 52275551, and 51922009)Shanxi Scholarship Council of China (No. 2021–117)。
文摘We characterize the current crowding effect for microwave radiation on a chip surface based on a quantum wide-field microscope combining a wide-field reconstruction technique. A swept microwave signal with the power of 0–30 d Bm is supplied to a dumbbell-shaped microstrip antenna, and the significant differences in microwave magnetic-field amplitudes attributed to the current crowding effect are experimentally observed in a 2.20 mm ×1.22 mm imaging area. The normalized microwave magnetic-field amplitude along the horizontal geometrical center of the image area further demonstrates the feasibility of the characterization of the current crowding effect. The experiments indicate the proposal can be qualified for the characterization of the anomalous area of the radio-frequency chip surface.
