Abstract: The dormancy breaking and storage behavior of Garcinia cowa Roxb. seeds were investigated. The seeds of G. cowa had 8–11 months dormancy in their natural habitat. Seeds were matured and dispersed at the end...Abstract: The dormancy breaking and storage behavior of Garcinia cowa Roxb. seeds were investigated. The seeds of G. cowa had 8–11 months dormancy in their natural habitat. Seeds were matured and dispersed at the end of the rainy season (mid-late August to late September) and were scatter-hoarded by rodents as food for winter after the seeds had fallen to the ground. Seedlings often emerged in the forest during the rainy season (May to August) the following year. Intact seeds of G. cowa failed to germinate after being sown at 30 °C for 120 d and the mean germination time (MGT) of seeds cultured in a shade (50% sunlight) nursery was 252 d. The most effective method of breaking dormancy was to remove the seed coat totally, which reduced the MGT to 13 d at 30 °C. Germination was also promoted by partial removal of the seed coat (excising the hilum and exposing the radicle) and chemical scarification (immersion in 1% H2O2 for 1 d). Unscarified seeds take up water rapidly in the first 96 h, but water was absorbed by the outside seed coat, without penetrating through it. The moisture content (MC) of G. cowa seeds was high (50% in fresh weight) at shedding. The seeds could tolerate desiccation to some extent, until the MC reached approximately 40%; below that, the viability decreases rapidly and all seeds died at approximately 17% of MC. Seed viability decreased rapidly when seeds were chilled at 4 °C; germination was 2% after storage for 1 week. Even stored at 10 °C, seeds began to be damaged after 4 weeks. Seed storage for 1 yr revealed that in both dry (relative humidity (35 ± 5)%) and moist (wet sand) storage conditions, seed viability declined, but germination percentages for seeds stored under moist conditions are better than for seed stored under dry conditions. Because of their low tolerance to desiccation, marked chilling sensitivity and relatively short lifespan, G. cowa seeds should be classified into the tropical recalcitrant category. The ecological implications of dormant recalcitrant seeds and cues展开更多
应用东北地区73个气象台站1961-2005年日最低温度和平均温度观测资料,分析持续低温指数(Consecutive Cold Day Index,CCDI)对温度变化的响应规律,探讨其对农业生产的可能影响。结果表明,研究期内东北地区年、季平均温度均呈上升趋势(P&l...应用东北地区73个气象台站1961-2005年日最低温度和平均温度观测资料,分析持续低温指数(Consecutive Cold Day Index,CCDI)对温度变化的响应规律,探讨其对农业生产的可能影响。结果表明,研究期内东北地区年、季平均温度均呈上升趋势(P<0.01),其中冬季增温幅度最大,夏季最小,2001-2005年夏、秋、冬季平均温度有所下降、年际变率增大;研究期内年、季CCDI值均呈减少的趋势,年际变率增大,不同季节CCDI降幅及年际变率差异明显,2001-2005年的年、季CCDI较1991-2000年有所升高;研究期内年、季CCDI的温度敏感系数皆为正值,说明年、季CCDI值随相应的年、季平均温度升高而下降;CCDI的温度敏感系数及CCDI与平均温度的相关系数均呈阶段性减小的趋势,但90年代中期以来又有所增加。虽然东北地区年平均温度升高、CCDI下降,但由于存在季节间差异,夏季热量条件并未得到很大改善,加之温度波动加剧、更晚熟作物品种的大量播种,致使低温冷害频繁发生,因此在东北地区栽种晚熟作物品种仍需谨慎。展开更多
文摘Abstract: The dormancy breaking and storage behavior of Garcinia cowa Roxb. seeds were investigated. The seeds of G. cowa had 8–11 months dormancy in their natural habitat. Seeds were matured and dispersed at the end of the rainy season (mid-late August to late September) and were scatter-hoarded by rodents as food for winter after the seeds had fallen to the ground. Seedlings often emerged in the forest during the rainy season (May to August) the following year. Intact seeds of G. cowa failed to germinate after being sown at 30 °C for 120 d and the mean germination time (MGT) of seeds cultured in a shade (50% sunlight) nursery was 252 d. The most effective method of breaking dormancy was to remove the seed coat totally, which reduced the MGT to 13 d at 30 °C. Germination was also promoted by partial removal of the seed coat (excising the hilum and exposing the radicle) and chemical scarification (immersion in 1% H2O2 for 1 d). Unscarified seeds take up water rapidly in the first 96 h, but water was absorbed by the outside seed coat, without penetrating through it. The moisture content (MC) of G. cowa seeds was high (50% in fresh weight) at shedding. The seeds could tolerate desiccation to some extent, until the MC reached approximately 40%; below that, the viability decreases rapidly and all seeds died at approximately 17% of MC. Seed viability decreased rapidly when seeds were chilled at 4 °C; germination was 2% after storage for 1 week. Even stored at 10 °C, seeds began to be damaged after 4 weeks. Seed storage for 1 yr revealed that in both dry (relative humidity (35 ± 5)%) and moist (wet sand) storage conditions, seed viability declined, but germination percentages for seeds stored under moist conditions are better than for seed stored under dry conditions. Because of their low tolerance to desiccation, marked chilling sensitivity and relatively short lifespan, G. cowa seeds should be classified into the tropical recalcitrant category. The ecological implications of dormant recalcitrant seeds and cues
文摘应用东北地区73个气象台站1961-2005年日最低温度和平均温度观测资料,分析持续低温指数(Consecutive Cold Day Index,CCDI)对温度变化的响应规律,探讨其对农业生产的可能影响。结果表明,研究期内东北地区年、季平均温度均呈上升趋势(P<0.01),其中冬季增温幅度最大,夏季最小,2001-2005年夏、秋、冬季平均温度有所下降、年际变率增大;研究期内年、季CCDI值均呈减少的趋势,年际变率增大,不同季节CCDI降幅及年际变率差异明显,2001-2005年的年、季CCDI较1991-2000年有所升高;研究期内年、季CCDI的温度敏感系数皆为正值,说明年、季CCDI值随相应的年、季平均温度升高而下降;CCDI的温度敏感系数及CCDI与平均温度的相关系数均呈阶段性减小的趋势,但90年代中期以来又有所增加。虽然东北地区年平均温度升高、CCDI下降,但由于存在季节间差异,夏季热量条件并未得到很大改善,加之温度波动加剧、更晚熟作物品种的大量播种,致使低温冷害频繁发生,因此在东北地区栽种晚熟作物品种仍需谨慎。
