Schisandra chinensis,a widely used Chinese herbal medicine,was considered as central nervous system(CNS)drug for years.Both ethanol extracts(EES)and water extracts(WES)of it were applied clinically.Unfortunately,the d...Schisandra chinensis,a widely used Chinese herbal medicine,was considered as central nervous system(CNS)drug for years.Both ethanol extracts(EES)and water extracts(WES)of it were applied clinically.Unfortunately,the difference of their efficacy and even effective material foundation of S.chinensis remains obscure.In this study,to explore the active constituents of S.chinensis,we compared pharmacodynamics and chemical profiles in vitrolin vivo of EES/WES for the first time using multiple chemical analysis,pharmacological and data processing approaches.It was proved that there was no significant difference in the anti-depressive effects between WES and EES.However,the contents of most components in vitro and in plasma were higher in EES than those in WES,which was unconvincing for their similar efficacy.Therefore,we further explored components of S.chinensis targeted onto brain and the results showed that 5 lignans were identified with definite absorptivity respectively both in EES and WES caused by the limitation of blood-brain barrier.Moreover,bioinformatic analysis predicted their anti-depressive action.Above all,the systematic strategy screened 5 brain-targeted effective substances of S.chinensis and it was suggested that exploring the components into nidi would promote the studies on herbs effective material basis.展开更多
Nowadays,a large number of compounds with different physical and chemical properties have been determined in soil.Environmental behaviors and source identification of pollutants in soil are the foundation of soil poll...Nowadays,a large number of compounds with different physical and chemical properties have been determined in soil.Environmental behaviors and source identification of pollutants in soil are the foundation of soil pollution control.Identification and quantitative analysis of potential pollution sources are the prerequisites for its prevention and control.Many efforts have made to develop methods for identifying the sources of soil pollutants.These efforts have involved the measurement of source and receptor parameters and the analysis of their relationships via numerical statistics methods.We have comprehensively reviewed the progress made in the development of source apportionment methodologies to date and present our synthesis.The numerical methods,such as spatial geostatistics analysis,receptor models,and machine learning methods are addressed in depth.In most cases,however,the effectiveness of any single approach for source apportionment remains limited.Combining multiple methods to address soil quality problems can reduce uncertainty about the sources of soil pollution.This review also constructively highlights the key strategies of combining mathematical models with the assessment of chemical profiles to provide more accurate source attribution.This review intends to provide a comprehensive summary of source apportionment methodologies to help promote further development.展开更多
Fingerprints and source profiles of fine and coarse sands that originate from Central Inner Mongolia during Asian continental sandstorms （ACS） can be used to identify the odgin of Asian sands and to trace them as th...Fingerprints and source profiles of fine and coarse sands that originate from Central Inner Mongolia during Asian continental sandstorms （ACS） can be used to identify the odgin of Asian sands and to trace them as they travel downwind. Soil samples collected at various land surfaces in Central Inner Mongolia were resuspended using a dry powder atomizer in an enclosure chamber. The resuspended sands were then sampled by two dichotomous samplers situated at the bottom of the enclosure chamber for fine （PM2 5） and coarse （PM2.5-10） sands, respectively. The chemical composition of sands, including water-soluble ionic species, metallic contents, and carbonaceous contents, were further analyzed. Results from resuspension tests indicated that the soils contained considerably more coarse particles than fine Moreover, Mg, K, Al, and Fe in coarse sand had strong correlations with each other. The ratio of Mg, K. Fe （or Al） to Al （or Fe） and OC/EC in the coarse sands can be used as the fingerprints of Asian sands originating from Central Inner Mongolia.展开更多
The raw and processed roots of Plygonum multiflorum Thunb(PM) are used to treat different diseases in clinical practice. In order to clarify the influence of processing, a comparative study of chemical substance analy...The raw and processed roots of Plygonum multiflorum Thunb(PM) are used to treat different diseases in clinical practice. In order to clarify the influence of processing, a comparative study of chemical substance analysis was carried out. As the xenobiotics with a high enough exposure in target organs being considered as the potential effective or toxicity components, an in vivo study was also implemented to characterize the constitutes and metabolites, and meanwhile, the factor of compatibility with black bean were also considered. As a result, a total of 148 compounds were detected in PM extracts and more than 40 compounds were only detected in the processed products, which were probably new components produced during the steaming process. In in vivo study, 7 prototype components and 66 metabolites were detected or tentatively identified, 24 of which were reported for the first time. Our results indicated that processing greatly changed the chemical composition of PM and influenced the disposition of the compounds in vivo. To the best of our knowledge, this was the first global comparative study of raw and processed PM. These results expanded our knowledge about the influence of processing of PM and provided the essential data for further efficacy or toxicity studies.展开更多
Samples of chemically vapor deposited(CVD)coatings of tungsten carbides W_(45)C_(55)and W_(60)C_(40)and samples of hot-rolled tungsten were exposed to deuterium(D)plasma at sample temperatures ranging from 323 to 813 ...Samples of chemically vapor deposited(CVD)coatings of tungsten carbides W_(45)C_(55)and W_(60)C_(40)and samples of hot-rolled tungsten were exposed to deuterium(D)plasma at sample temperatures ranging from 323 to 813 K,as a result of which the samples were irradiated with D ions with an energy of about 200 eV per D particle at a flux of D particles of about1.1×10^(21)D·m^(-2)·s^(-1)to a fluence of about 2×10^(24)D·m^(-2).The concentration of deuterium in these samples was examined by the D(3 He,p)4 He nuclear reaction.Based on the measured deuterium depth profiles and assuming that these profiles are determined by diffusing D atoms,the diffusion coefficients of deuterium in the CVD tungsten carbide coatings were determined.Using these diffusion coefficients,an estimate of the Arrhenius relation for the diffusion coefficients of deuterium in CVD tungsten carbide coatings was obtained:D=2.5×10^(-3)exp(-1.12 eV/kT)m~2·s^(-1),where T is temperature expressed in Kelvin,and k is the Boltzmann constant.The concentration of trapped deuterium in the bulk of CVD tungsten carbide coatings is practically independent of the stoichiometry of the coatings.It decreases from about 5×10^(-2)to about 7×10^(-4)D/(W+C)with an increase in the deuterium plasma exposure temperature from 373 to 813 K.The concentration of trapped deuterium in hot-rolled tungsten,expressed in units of the D/W atomic ratio,is more than an order of magnitude lower than the concentration of deuterium in tungsten carbides,and also decreases with increasing plasma exposure temperature.展开更多
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(U1508220)Liaoning DistinguishedProfessor Project for Qing Li(2017,China)Shenyang Pharmaceutical University Innovative Research Team.
文摘Schisandra chinensis,a widely used Chinese herbal medicine,was considered as central nervous system(CNS)drug for years.Both ethanol extracts(EES)and water extracts(WES)of it were applied clinically.Unfortunately,the difference of their efficacy and even effective material foundation of S.chinensis remains obscure.In this study,to explore the active constituents of S.chinensis,we compared pharmacodynamics and chemical profiles in vitrolin vivo of EES/WES for the first time using multiple chemical analysis,pharmacological and data processing approaches.It was proved that there was no significant difference in the anti-depressive effects between WES and EES.However,the contents of most components in vitro and in plasma were higher in EES than those in WES,which was unconvincing for their similar efficacy.Therefore,we further explored components of S.chinensis targeted onto brain and the results showed that 5 lignans were identified with definite absorptivity respectively both in EES and WES caused by the limitation of blood-brain barrier.Moreover,bioinformatic analysis predicted their anti-depressive action.Above all,the systematic strategy screened 5 brain-targeted effective substances of S.chinensis and it was suggested that exploring the components into nidi would promote the studies on herbs effective material basis.
基金supported by the National Key R&D Program of China (No.2018YFC1800300)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos.41877509 and 41807493)。
文摘Nowadays,a large number of compounds with different physical and chemical properties have been determined in soil.Environmental behaviors and source identification of pollutants in soil are the foundation of soil pollution control.Identification and quantitative analysis of potential pollution sources are the prerequisites for its prevention and control.Many efforts have made to develop methods for identifying the sources of soil pollutants.These efforts have involved the measurement of source and receptor parameters and the analysis of their relationships via numerical statistics methods.We have comprehensively reviewed the progress made in the development of source apportionment methodologies to date and present our synthesis.The numerical methods,such as spatial geostatistics analysis,receptor models,and machine learning methods are addressed in depth.In most cases,however,the effectiveness of any single approach for source apportionment remains limited.Combining multiple methods to address soil quality problems can reduce uncertainty about the sources of soil pollution.This review also constructively highlights the key strategies of combining mathematical models with the assessment of chemical profiles to provide more accurate source attribution.This review intends to provide a comprehensive summary of source apportionment methodologies to help promote further development.
文摘Fingerprints and source profiles of fine and coarse sands that originate from Central Inner Mongolia during Asian continental sandstorms （ACS） can be used to identify the odgin of Asian sands and to trace them as they travel downwind. Soil samples collected at various land surfaces in Central Inner Mongolia were resuspended using a dry powder atomizer in an enclosure chamber. The resuspended sands were then sampled by two dichotomous samplers situated at the bottom of the enclosure chamber for fine （PM2 5） and coarse （PM2.5-10） sands, respectively. The chemical composition of sands, including water-soluble ionic species, metallic contents, and carbonaceous contents, were further analyzed. Results from resuspension tests indicated that the soils contained considerably more coarse particles than fine Moreover, Mg, K, Al, and Fe in coarse sand had strong correlations with each other. The ratio of Mg, K. Fe （or Al） to Al （or Fe） and OC/EC in the coarse sands can be used as the fingerprints of Asian sands originating from Central Inner Mongolia.
基金supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.81373967 and 81402887)Traditional Chinese Medicine Administration Bureau of Traditional Chinese Medicine Standardization project(No.ZYBZH-Y-SH-38)
文摘The raw and processed roots of Plygonum multiflorum Thunb(PM) are used to treat different diseases in clinical practice. In order to clarify the influence of processing, a comparative study of chemical substance analysis was carried out. As the xenobiotics with a high enough exposure in target organs being considered as the potential effective or toxicity components, an in vivo study was also implemented to characterize the constitutes and metabolites, and meanwhile, the factor of compatibility with black bean were also considered. As a result, a total of 148 compounds were detected in PM extracts and more than 40 compounds were only detected in the processed products, which were probably new components produced during the steaming process. In in vivo study, 7 prototype components and 66 metabolites were detected or tentatively identified, 24 of which were reported for the first time. Our results indicated that processing greatly changed the chemical composition of PM and influenced the disposition of the compounds in vivo. To the best of our knowledge, this was the first global comparative study of raw and processed PM. These results expanded our knowledge about the influence of processing of PM and provided the essential data for further efficacy or toxicity studies.
文摘Samples of chemically vapor deposited(CVD)coatings of tungsten carbides W_(45)C_(55)and W_(60)C_(40)and samples of hot-rolled tungsten were exposed to deuterium(D)plasma at sample temperatures ranging from 323 to 813 K,as a result of which the samples were irradiated with D ions with an energy of about 200 eV per D particle at a flux of D particles of about1.1×10^(21)D·m^(-2)·s^(-1)to a fluence of about 2×10^(24)D·m^(-2).The concentration of deuterium in these samples was examined by the D(3 He,p)4 He nuclear reaction.Based on the measured deuterium depth profiles and assuming that these profiles are determined by diffusing D atoms,the diffusion coefficients of deuterium in the CVD tungsten carbide coatings were determined.Using these diffusion coefficients,an estimate of the Arrhenius relation for the diffusion coefficients of deuterium in CVD tungsten carbide coatings was obtained:D=2.5×10^(-3)exp(-1.12 eV/kT)m~2·s^(-1),where T is temperature expressed in Kelvin,and k is the Boltzmann constant.The concentration of trapped deuterium in the bulk of CVD tungsten carbide coatings is practically independent of the stoichiometry of the coatings.It decreases from about 5×10^(-2)to about 7×10^(-4)D/(W+C)with an increase in the deuterium plasma exposure temperature from 373 to 813 K.The concentration of trapped deuterium in hot-rolled tungsten,expressed in units of the D/W atomic ratio,is more than an order of magnitude lower than the concentration of deuterium in tungsten carbides,and also decreases with increasing plasma exposure temperature.
