Tribenuron-methyl （TM） is a powerful sulfonylurea herbicide that inhibits branched-chain amino acid （BCAA） biosynthesis by targeting the catalytic subunit （CSR1） of acetolactate synthase （ALS）. Selective in- d...Tribenuron-methyl （TM） is a powerful sulfonylurea herbicide that inhibits branched-chain amino acid （BCAA） biosynthesis by targeting the catalytic subunit （CSR1） of acetolactate synthase （ALS）. Selective in- duction of male sterility by foliar spraying of TM at low doses has been widely used for hybrid seed produc- tion in rapeseed （Brassica napus）; however, the underlying mechanism remains unknown. Here, we report greater TM accumulation and subsequent stronger ALS inhibition and BCAA starvation in anthers than in leaves and stems after TM application. Constitutive or anther-specific expression of csrl-lD （a CSR1 mutant） eliminated anther-selective ALS inhibition and reversed the TM-induced male sterile phenotype in both rapeseed and Arabidopsis. The results of TM daub-stem experiments, combined with the observations of little TM accumulation in anthers and reversion of TM-induced male sterility by targeted expression of the TM metabolism gene Bel in either the mesophyll or phloem, suggested that foliar-sprayed TM was polar-transported to anthers mainly through the mesophyll and phloem. Microscopy and immunoblotting revealed that autophagy, a bulk degradation process induced during cell death, was elevated in TM-induced male sterile anthers and by anther-specific knockdown of ALS. Moreover, TM-induced pollen abortion was significantly inhibited by the autophagy inhibitor 3-MA. These data suggested that TM was polar-transported to anthers, resulting in BCAA starvation via anther-specific ALS inhibition and, ulti- mately, autophagic cell death in anthers.展开更多
To further research the regulatory network of pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase （designated as TaPDK） in physiological male-sterility （PHYMS） of wheat induced by chemical hybridizing agent （CHA） SQ-1, an anther cDNA...To further research the regulatory network of pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase （designated as TaPDK） in physiological male-sterility （PHYMS） of wheat induced by chemical hybridizing agent （CHA） SQ-1, an anther cDNA library was constructed, and the proteins interacting with TaPDK were screened via yeast two-hybrid technique. Subsequently, a few candidate proteins in nucleotide expression levels were detected by real-time quantitative PCR. Yeast-two hybrid screening was performed by mating yeast strain Y2HGold containing BD-TaPDK bait plasmid with yeast strain Y187 including anther cDNA library plasmid. Diploid yeast cells were plated on synthetic dropout nutrient medium （SD/-Ade/-His/-Leu/-Trp） （QDO）, and further were incubated on QDO medium containing AbA and X-α-Gal. The interactions between TaPDK and the proteins obtained from positive colonies were further confirmed by co-transformation validation. After plasmids DNA were extracted from blue colonies and sequenced, the sequences results were analyzed by bioinformatic methods. Finally, 24 colonies were obtained, including eight genes, namely non-specific lipid-transfer protein precursor （TanLTP）, polyubiquitin （TaPUbi）, glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase, proliferating cell nuclear antigen （TaPCNA）, CBS domain containing protein （TaCBS）, actin, guanine nucleotide-binding protein beta subunit, chalcone synthase, and three new genes with unknown function. The results of quantitative RT-PCR showed that the expression levels of TanLTP, TaPUbi, and TaPCNA were obviously up-regulated in PHYMS anther, and TaCBS expression was only increased at the tricellular stage in PHYMS anther compared with in fertile lines. Whereas, the expression of TaPDK was obviously down-regulated in PHYMS lines. Collectively, these datas indicated that the majority of candidate proteins might be related to pollen abortion in PHYMS lines, which further suggested that TaPDK plays multiple roles in pollen development, besides participating in regulating p展开更多
为拓展小麦化控两系途径的药剂种类,降低化学杂交剂(CHA)成本,利用西农1376检验15种化学药剂、4个浓度、3个施用时期(小麦不同发育时期)的诱导不育效果,并对花药败育的机制进行了研究。结果表明,各处理诱导小麦花粉败育效果差异较大,Fee...为拓展小麦化控两系途径的药剂种类,降低化学杂交剂(CHA)成本,利用西农1376检验15种化学药剂、4个浓度、3个施用时期(小麦不同发育时期)的诱导不育效果,并对花药败育的机制进行了研究。结果表明,各处理诱导小麦花粉败育效果差异较大,Feekes 7.5和9.5时期,15种药剂各浓度处理诱导植株营养生长发育异常或花粉败育不明显;Feekes 8.5时期,T6-CHA药剂0.24 kg hm–2诱导雄性不育率为93.33%,植株表型及雌蕊发育正常,对其饱和授粉,能获得杂交种子,且饱和授粉结实率较高。石蜡切片观察该处理诱导雄性不育花药的绒毡层细胞降解过程异常,自单核早期绒毡层细胞核明显降解,单核中后期花粉内核也开始降解,直至三核期,绒毡层细胞及花粉内核及营养物质基本消失,仅剩少量花粉壁残留,最终导致花粉败育。因此认为,T6-CHA诱导的小麦生理型雄性不育与绒毡层的异常降解直接相关。展开更多
文摘Tribenuron-methyl （TM） is a powerful sulfonylurea herbicide that inhibits branched-chain amino acid （BCAA） biosynthesis by targeting the catalytic subunit （CSR1） of acetolactate synthase （ALS）. Selective in- duction of male sterility by foliar spraying of TM at low doses has been widely used for hybrid seed produc- tion in rapeseed （Brassica napus）; however, the underlying mechanism remains unknown. Here, we report greater TM accumulation and subsequent stronger ALS inhibition and BCAA starvation in anthers than in leaves and stems after TM application. Constitutive or anther-specific expression of csrl-lD （a CSR1 mutant） eliminated anther-selective ALS inhibition and reversed the TM-induced male sterile phenotype in both rapeseed and Arabidopsis. The results of TM daub-stem experiments, combined with the observations of little TM accumulation in anthers and reversion of TM-induced male sterility by targeted expression of the TM metabolism gene Bel in either the mesophyll or phloem, suggested that foliar-sprayed TM was polar-transported to anthers mainly through the mesophyll and phloem. Microscopy and immunoblotting revealed that autophagy, a bulk degradation process induced during cell death, was elevated in TM-induced male sterile anthers and by anther-specific knockdown of ALS. Moreover, TM-induced pollen abortion was significantly inhibited by the autophagy inhibitor 3-MA. These data suggested that TM was polar-transported to anthers, resulting in BCAA starvation via anther-specific ALS inhibition and, ulti- mately, autophagic cell death in anthers.
基金supported by the National High-Tech R&D Program of China(2011AA10A106)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(31071477,31171611)the Key Scientific and Technological Innovation Special Projects of Shaanxi"13115",China(2010ZDKG-68,2011KTZB02-01-01)
文摘To further research the regulatory network of pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase （designated as TaPDK） in physiological male-sterility （PHYMS） of wheat induced by chemical hybridizing agent （CHA） SQ-1, an anther cDNA library was constructed, and the proteins interacting with TaPDK were screened via yeast two-hybrid technique. Subsequently, a few candidate proteins in nucleotide expression levels were detected by real-time quantitative PCR. Yeast-two hybrid screening was performed by mating yeast strain Y2HGold containing BD-TaPDK bait plasmid with yeast strain Y187 including anther cDNA library plasmid. Diploid yeast cells were plated on synthetic dropout nutrient medium （SD/-Ade/-His/-Leu/-Trp） （QDO）, and further were incubated on QDO medium containing AbA and X-α-Gal. The interactions between TaPDK and the proteins obtained from positive colonies were further confirmed by co-transformation validation. After plasmids DNA were extracted from blue colonies and sequenced, the sequences results were analyzed by bioinformatic methods. Finally, 24 colonies were obtained, including eight genes, namely non-specific lipid-transfer protein precursor （TanLTP）, polyubiquitin （TaPUbi）, glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase, proliferating cell nuclear antigen （TaPCNA）, CBS domain containing protein （TaCBS）, actin, guanine nucleotide-binding protein beta subunit, chalcone synthase, and three new genes with unknown function. The results of quantitative RT-PCR showed that the expression levels of TanLTP, TaPUbi, and TaPCNA were obviously up-regulated in PHYMS anther, and TaCBS expression was only increased at the tricellular stage in PHYMS anther compared with in fertile lines. Whereas, the expression of TaPDK was obviously down-regulated in PHYMS lines. Collectively, these datas indicated that the majority of candidate proteins might be related to pollen abortion in PHYMS lines, which further suggested that TaPDK plays multiple roles in pollen development, besides participating in regulating p
文摘为拓展小麦化控两系途径的药剂种类,降低化学杂交剂(CHA)成本,利用西农1376检验15种化学药剂、4个浓度、3个施用时期(小麦不同发育时期)的诱导不育效果,并对花药败育的机制进行了研究。结果表明,各处理诱导小麦花粉败育效果差异较大,Feekes 7.5和9.5时期,15种药剂各浓度处理诱导植株营养生长发育异常或花粉败育不明显;Feekes 8.5时期,T6-CHA药剂0.24 kg hm–2诱导雄性不育率为93.33%,植株表型及雌蕊发育正常,对其饱和授粉,能获得杂交种子,且饱和授粉结实率较高。石蜡切片观察该处理诱导雄性不育花药的绒毡层细胞降解过程异常,自单核早期绒毡层细胞核明显降解,单核中后期花粉内核也开始降解,直至三核期,绒毡层细胞及花粉内核及营养物质基本消失,仅剩少量花粉壁残留,最终导致花粉败育。因此认为,T6-CHA诱导的小麦生理型雄性不育与绒毡层的异常降解直接相关。
