Two types of nanocrystalline porous TiO2 electrodes were prepared by the hydrothermal and painting methods. The incident photon-to-current efficiency and photoelectrical conversion efficiency were both improved by che...Two types of nanocrystalline porous TiO2 electrodes were prepared by the hydrothermal and painting methods. The incident photon-to-current efficiency and photoelectrical conversion efficiency were both improved by chemical treatments of titanium tetrachloride and titanium isopropoxide. The surface roughness, quantities of adsorbed dye, photocurrent-voltage curves, IR spectra and UV-visible absorption spectra were measured, and the mechanism of chemical treatments was discussed.展开更多
Decoloration of acidic scarlet GR by pyrolusite is studied in this paper. The effects of pH in solution, dosage and granularity of pyrolusite, reaction temperature, and vibration speed on decoloration efficiency are d...Decoloration of acidic scarlet GR by pyrolusite is studied in this paper. The effects of pH in solution, dosage and granularity of pyrolusite, reaction temperature, and vibration speed on decoloration efficiency are discussed. According to experiment results, the decoloration efficiency may exceed 95% for 40 mg/L GR solution by pyrolusite, pH is most important among all factors which impact the decoloration of acidic scarlet GR. Dosage and granularity of pyrolusite, reaction temperature, and vibration speed have a little benitfit on decoloration. The high decoloration efficiency and low removal efficiency of COD as well as FT-IR spectra of products between pyrolusite and acidic scarlet GR indicate that acidic scarlet GR undergoes the redox reaction on the interface of mineral and its chromophore is oxidated and decolored, but it is not removed thoroughly by oxidation.展开更多
To study the theoretical bases of the mechanism of reaction formation of cyanine dyes, special importance is gained by methods of quantum chemistry. The use of these methods is provided with the known molecular and dy...To study the theoretical bases of the mechanism of reaction formation of cyanine dyes, special importance is gained by methods of quantum chemistry. The use of these methods is provided with the known molecular and dynamic HyperChem program. The purpose of studying was quantum and chemical studying of features of a geometrical and electronic structure of model molecules of penicillin acid, of derivative of glutaconic dialdehyde (DGD), and the cyanine dyes, and also an assessment of power of process of their formation. For studying was carried out the experimental mark of chemism of course of reaction with theoretical justification of the mechanism of reaction formation of cyanine dyes. The results show that all studied model molecules are thermodynamic steady systems to what values of enthalpies of their formation, rather high on an absolute value, testify negative on a sign. Reaction goes by the mechanism of nucleophilic addition.展开更多
Films of Ni_(1-x)Pt_(x)(x=0,0.02,0.04,0.06,and 0.08)have been prepared on fluorine-doped tin oxide-coated(FTO)glass substrates by a chemical plating method and used as the photocathode for dye-sensitized solar cells(D...Films of Ni_(1-x)Pt_(x)(x=0,0.02,0.04,0.06,and 0.08)have been prepared on fluorine-doped tin oxide-coated(FTO)glass substrates by a chemical plating method and used as the photocathode for dye-sensitized solar cells(DSCs).The Ni_(0.94)Pt_(0.06 )film consisted of nanoparticles with a size of 46 nm and a Pt loading of 5.13μg/cm^(2).The Ni_(0.94)Pt_(0.06) photocathode exhibited high catalytic performance toward triiodide reduction,high light refl ectance,and low charge-transfer resistance.The DSC assembled with the Ni_(0.94)Pt_(0.06) photocathode gave a short-circuit photocurrent density(Jsc)of 16.79 mA/cm^(2),an open-circuit photovoltage(Voc)of 736 mV,and a fi ll factor(FF)of 66.4%,corresponding to an overall conversion effi ciency of 8.21%under standard AM 1.5 irradiation(100 mW/cm^(2)),which is higher than that for the DSC with a pure Pt photocathode obtained by conventional thermal decomposition.Furthermore,the DSC based on the Ni0.94Pt0.06 photocathode showed good stability.The results indicate that Ni0.94Pt0.06 fi lms are promising low-cost and high-performance photocathodes for use in DSCs.展开更多
The study illustrates differences between colors of poplar I-214 veneers dyed by reactive blue KN-R and 4 kinds of chemical reagents, and those of treated veneer exposed to UV-ray for 3 days. The results show there ar...The study illustrates differences between colors of poplar I-214 veneers dyed by reactive blue KN-R and 4 kinds of chemical reagents, and those of treated veneer exposed to UV-ray for 3 days. The results show there are some laws in poplar I-214 dyeing and UV-ray attenuation of each chemically treated veneer color. The chemical reaction carded out between cellulose or lignin on veneer surface and dye molecules when they met with. The capability of dyeing and discoloration of veneer is improved by control of dyeing technology, especially chemical treatments; being treated by acetylation and maleic anhydride protects dyed wood discoloration.展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(21001003)Natural Science Foundation of Anhui Province,China(10040606Q15)Natural Science Research for Colleges and Universities of Anhui Province,China(KJ2010A101)~~
文摘Two types of nanocrystalline porous TiO2 electrodes were prepared by the hydrothermal and painting methods. The incident photon-to-current efficiency and photoelectrical conversion efficiency were both improved by chemical treatments of titanium tetrachloride and titanium isopropoxide. The surface roughness, quantities of adsorbed dye, photocurrent-voltage curves, IR spectra and UV-visible absorption spectra were measured, and the mechanism of chemical treatments was discussed.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China （40472026）.
文摘Decoloration of acidic scarlet GR by pyrolusite is studied in this paper. The effects of pH in solution, dosage and granularity of pyrolusite, reaction temperature, and vibration speed on decoloration efficiency are discussed. According to experiment results, the decoloration efficiency may exceed 95% for 40 mg/L GR solution by pyrolusite, pH is most important among all factors which impact the decoloration of acidic scarlet GR. Dosage and granularity of pyrolusite, reaction temperature, and vibration speed have a little benitfit on decoloration. The high decoloration efficiency and low removal efficiency of COD as well as FT-IR spectra of products between pyrolusite and acidic scarlet GR indicate that acidic scarlet GR undergoes the redox reaction on the interface of mineral and its chromophore is oxidated and decolored, but it is not removed thoroughly by oxidation.
文摘To study the theoretical bases of the mechanism of reaction formation of cyanine dyes, special importance is gained by methods of quantum chemistry. The use of these methods is provided with the known molecular and dynamic HyperChem program. The purpose of studying was quantum and chemical studying of features of a geometrical and electronic structure of model molecules of penicillin acid, of derivative of glutaconic dialdehyde (DGD), and the cyanine dyes, and also an assessment of power of process of their formation. For studying was carried out the experimental mark of chemism of course of reaction with theoretical justification of the mechanism of reaction formation of cyanine dyes. The results show that all studied model molecules are thermodynamic steady systems to what values of enthalpies of their formation, rather high on an absolute value, testify negative on a sign. Reaction goes by the mechanism of nucleophilic addition.
基金by the National 973(2009CB220003),863(2007AA05Z124)Tianjin High-Tech(07ZCGHHZ00700)Programs.
文摘Films of Ni_(1-x)Pt_(x)(x=0,0.02,0.04,0.06,and 0.08)have been prepared on fluorine-doped tin oxide-coated(FTO)glass substrates by a chemical plating method and used as the photocathode for dye-sensitized solar cells(DSCs).The Ni_(0.94)Pt_(0.06 )film consisted of nanoparticles with a size of 46 nm and a Pt loading of 5.13μg/cm^(2).The Ni_(0.94)Pt_(0.06) photocathode exhibited high catalytic performance toward triiodide reduction,high light refl ectance,and low charge-transfer resistance.The DSC assembled with the Ni_(0.94)Pt_(0.06) photocathode gave a short-circuit photocurrent density(Jsc)of 16.79 mA/cm^(2),an open-circuit photovoltage(Voc)of 736 mV,and a fi ll factor(FF)of 66.4%,corresponding to an overall conversion effi ciency of 8.21%under standard AM 1.5 irradiation(100 mW/cm^(2)),which is higher than that for the DSC with a pure Pt photocathode obtained by conventional thermal decomposition.Furthermore,the DSC based on the Ni0.94Pt0.06 photocathode showed good stability.The results indicate that Ni0.94Pt0.06 fi lms are promising low-cost and high-performance photocathodes for use in DSCs.
基金This research was conducted in Japan under the Research Planning of Japan-China Cooperation Project (the Research Project onTimber from Plantion Forests in China: JICA Project).
文摘The study illustrates differences between colors of poplar I-214 veneers dyed by reactive blue KN-R and 4 kinds of chemical reagents, and those of treated veneer exposed to UV-ray for 3 days. The results show there are some laws in poplar I-214 dyeing and UV-ray attenuation of each chemically treated veneer color. The chemical reaction carded out between cellulose or lignin on veneer surface and dye molecules when they met with. The capability of dyeing and discoloration of veneer is improved by control of dyeing technology, especially chemical treatments; being treated by acetylation and maleic anhydride protects dyed wood discoloration.
