Objective: To investigate the effect of drought stress and organic fertilizer on German chamomile(Matricaria chamomilla) nutrient uptake, leaf chlorophyll content and osmotic adjustment under field conditions.Methods:...Objective: To investigate the effect of drought stress and organic fertilizer on German chamomile(Matricaria chamomilla) nutrient uptake, leaf chlorophyll content and osmotic adjustment under field conditions.Methods: This experiment was carried out through a randomized complete block design with a split factorial arrangement of treatments in three replications. The main plots were subjected to the following irrigation treatments: irrigation after 60, 90, 120, 150 and180 mm evaporation from Class A pan. The sub-plots were treated with three vermicompost doses(0, 5 and 10 t/ha).Results: Although drought stress reduced the nutrient percentages in the shoots, application of vermicompost enhanced the nutrient percentages, particularly when the plants were subjected to moderate to severe drought stress conditions. Moreover, the results of this study showed that the interaction between irrigation treatments and vermicompost rates on leaf chlorophyll content was significant. Comparison between the combined treatments indicated that under normal irrigation and moderate drought stress conditions chamomile plants received 5 and 10 t/ha vermicompost showed significantly higher leaf chlorophyll content comparing to the control treatment.Conclusions: Totally, organic fertilization by vermicompost could partly alleviate the effect of drought stress on chamomile by increasing N, P and K uptake and leaf soluble sugar, especially in stressed treatments.展开更多
Thiacloprid is a new insecticide of the chloronicotinyl family. To assess its risk after application, residual characteristics of thiacloprid in marjoram, thyme, and camomile and in soil were studied under field condi...Thiacloprid is a new insecticide of the chloronicotinyl family. To assess its risk after application, residual characteristics of thiacloprid in marjoram, thyme, and camomile and in soil were studied under field conditions. The active ingredient was extracted from the plant material using a mixture of acetone-water. After filtration, the extract was concentrated to the aqueous phase, diluted with water, and portioned against ethyl acetate on a matrix solid phase dispersion column. Thiacloprid was extracted from soil using a mixture of methanol-water, filtered, and re.extracted （clean up） with dichloromethane. The residues were quantified using HPLC-MS-MS. The methods were validated by recovery experiments. Thiacloprid residues in marjoram, thyme, and camomile and in soil persisted beyond 10, 14, 14, and 21 d but no residues were detected after 14, 21, 21, and 28 d, respectively. The data obtained in this study indicated that the biexponential model is more suitable than the first-order function to describe the decline of thiacloprid in fresh marjoram, fresh thyme, and dried camomile flowers with half-life （t1/2） of 1.1, 0.7, and 1.2 d, respectively. However, both the first-order function and biexponential model were found to be applicable for dissipation of thiacloprid in soil with almost the same t1/2 values of 3.5 and 3.6 d. The results indicated that thiacloprid dissipates rapidly and does not accumulate in the tested herbs and in soil.展开更多
Antioxidative and cytotoxic effects of chamomile（Matricaria chamomilla） fermented by Lactobacillus plantarum were investigated to improve their biofunctional activities. Total polyphenol（TP） content was measured b...Antioxidative and cytotoxic effects of chamomile（Matricaria chamomilla） fermented by Lactobacillus plantarum were investigated to improve their biofunctional activities. Total polyphenol（TP） content was measured by the Folin-Denis method, and the antioxidant activities were assessed by the 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl（DPPH） method and β-carotene bleaching method. AGS, HeL a, LoV o, MCF-7, and MRC-5（normal） cells were used to examine the cytotoxic effects by 3-（4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl）-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium（MTT） assay. The TP content of fermented chamomile reduced from 21.75 to 18.76 mg gallic acid equivalent（mg GAE）/g, but the DPPH radical capturing activity of fermented chamomile was found to be 11.1% higher than that of nonfermented chamomile after 72 h of fermentation. Following the β-carotene bleaching, the antioxidative effect decreased because of a reduction in pH during fermentation. Additionally, chamomile fermented for 72 h showed a cytotoxic effect of about 95% against cancer cells at 12.7 mg solid/ml of broth, but MRC-5 cells were significantly less sensitive against fermented chamomile samples. These results suggest that the fermentation of chamomile could be applied to develop natural antioxidative and anticancer products.展开更多
AIM: Cisplatin-based chemotherapy is a mainstay for the treatment of solid tumors, especially colorectal, ovarian, testicular, bladder, and lung cancer. Studies have shown that cisplatin could have painful effects on ...AIM: Cisplatin-based chemotherapy is a mainstay for the treatment of solid tumors, especially colorectal, ovarian, testicular, bladder, and lung cancer. Studies have shown that cisplatin could have painful effects on human and animal models. Matri-caria chamomilla (MC) has analgesic and anti-inflammatory effects. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of MC hydro-alcoholic extract on cisplatin-induced peripheral neuropathy and to compare with morphine in mice. METHODS: Experiments were performed on 60 NMRI male mice weighed 25 g to 30 g which have been divided into 6 groups. The first group received normal saline; the second group received MC hydroalcoholic extract; the third group received cisplatin; the fourth group received MC hydroalcoholic extract and cisplatin, 96 hours before formalin test; the fifth group received morphine and the sixth group received cisplatin and mor-phine. The time of injected hind paw biting and licking time were measured in 5-minute interval for an hour. RESULTS: Results showed that formalin induced significant (P < 0.05) pain response (the first phase: 0-5 min and the second phase: 15-40 min after injection). Administration of MC extract before formalin injection showed significant (P < 0.05) decrease of pain responses in the first and second phase. Administration of cisplatin produced significant (P < 0.05) increase in pain response in both phases of formalin test. Injection of MC extract and cisplatin together have shown that MC is able to decrease the second phase of cisplatin-induced pain sig-nificantly (P < 0.05). Morphine decreased cisplatin-induced pain in the first and second phase of formalin test significantly ( P < 0.05). In comparison morphine has analgesic effects in the first phase and MC extract has anti inflammatory effects in the second phase of formalin test significantly (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION: MC and cisplatin have analgesic and painful neuropathic respective effects, and MC hydroalcoholic extract is able to decrease cisplatin-induced pain and infla展开更多
Nigella sativa and Matricaria chamomilla are extensively consumed as tea or tonic. Despite their widespread use as a home remedy, relatively few trials evaluated their benefits in nephroprotection. Hence, this study e...Nigella sativa and Matricaria chamomilla are extensively consumed as tea or tonic. Despite their widespread use as a home remedy, relatively few trials evaluated their benefits in nephroprotection. Hence, this study evaluates the nephroprotective effects of supportive treatments (N. sativa, M. chamomilla and vitamin E) in cisplatin nephrotoxicity rat model. Eighty rats divided into 10 groups, of 8 animals each. The first group (G1) injected with saline intra-pretoneal (i.p). G2 injected with 5 mg/kg cisplatin i.p on zero day of experiment and repeated 4 times, with 5 days free interval. G3-G10 received daily supportive treatments, started 5 days before the experiment (–5day). Concomitantly G4, G6, G8 and G10 injected with 5 mg/kg cisplatin i.p like G2. On day sixteen, animal scarified, serum and/or kidney tissue were used to determine kidney function tests (serum urea, creatinine, NAG, β-gal), oxidative stress indices (NO, LPO), antioxidant activities (SOD), sulphur compounds (GGT, GSH, total thiols ), apoptotic indices (cathepsin D, DNA fragmentation), two minerals (Ca2+ and zn2+). Cisplatin caused marked elevation in serum GGT that reduced signifi-cantly in group received M. chamomilla with cisplatin (P < 0.001). There is a correlation between GGT and NAG in cisplatin group (r = 0.731 p < 0.05) that may suggest one of possible mechanisms of renal injury by cisplatin. M. chamomilla followed by N. sativa and vitamin E improved the biochemical and pathological renal injury, as determined by increasing the body weight, normalizing the kidney functions, decreasing the oxidative stress markers, improving the apoptotic markers, minimizing the pathological changes. Hence, N. sativa and M. chamomilla will be a promising nephroprotective agents for reducing cisplatin nephrotoxicity, most probably, by antioxidants effects and inhibition GGT production, respectively.展开更多
Matricaria chamomilla is a valuable medicinal plant belonging to the Asteraceae family.Its medicinal and pharmaceutical impacts are correlated to major flavonoid compounds like apigenin.In this investigation,methanoli...Matricaria chamomilla is a valuable medicinal plant belonging to the Asteraceae family.Its medicinal and pharmaceutical impacts are correlated to major flavonoid compounds like apigenin.In this investigation,methanolic extracts of M.chamomilla inflorescence gathered from six natural populations were evaluated for their phytochemical content and antioxidant activity.The content of total flavonoid and phenol modified from 3.72 to 7.94 mg g-1 DW and 1.37 to 3.51 mg g-1 DW,respectively.Flavonoid compositions revealed significant differences among six populations,and the highest apigenin(1.27%(w/w))and apigenin-7-glucoside(0.86%(w/w))contents were recognized in MD populations,respectively.Both PCA and Pearson’s correlation analyses revealed total phenol,flavonoid,apigenin and apigenin-7-glucoside were negatively correlated with the IC50 of DPPH activity and EC50 of reducing power.Altitude and precipitation indicated the positive and negative effects on phytochemical contents,respectively.These results can provide a theoretical basis for getting the targeted antioxidant phytochemicals of M.chamomilla for pharmaceutical and food industries,and also give a science for selection of the best population for cell culture and secondary metabolite production in future.展开更多
基金Supported by Yasouj University(Grant No.88/8705)
文摘Objective: To investigate the effect of drought stress and organic fertilizer on German chamomile(Matricaria chamomilla) nutrient uptake, leaf chlorophyll content and osmotic adjustment under field conditions.Methods: This experiment was carried out through a randomized complete block design with a split factorial arrangement of treatments in three replications. The main plots were subjected to the following irrigation treatments: irrigation after 60, 90, 120, 150 and180 mm evaporation from Class A pan. The sub-plots were treated with three vermicompost doses(0, 5 and 10 t/ha).Results: Although drought stress reduced the nutrient percentages in the shoots, application of vermicompost enhanced the nutrient percentages, particularly when the plants were subjected to moderate to severe drought stress conditions. Moreover, the results of this study showed that the interaction between irrigation treatments and vermicompost rates on leaf chlorophyll content was significant. Comparison between the combined treatments indicated that under normal irrigation and moderate drought stress conditions chamomile plants received 5 and 10 t/ha vermicompost showed significantly higher leaf chlorophyll content comparing to the control treatment.Conclusions: Totally, organic fertilization by vermicompost could partly alleviate the effect of drought stress on chamomile by increasing N, P and K uptake and leaf soluble sugar, especially in stressed treatments.
基金Project supported by the Cooperative Program in Agricultural Science and Technology between China and Germany (No. 2004/2005-1).
文摘Thiacloprid is a new insecticide of the chloronicotinyl family. To assess its risk after application, residual characteristics of thiacloprid in marjoram, thyme, and camomile and in soil were studied under field conditions. The active ingredient was extracted from the plant material using a mixture of acetone-water. After filtration, the extract was concentrated to the aqueous phase, diluted with water, and portioned against ethyl acetate on a matrix solid phase dispersion column. Thiacloprid was extracted from soil using a mixture of methanol-water, filtered, and re.extracted （clean up） with dichloromethane. The residues were quantified using HPLC-MS-MS. The methods were validated by recovery experiments. Thiacloprid residues in marjoram, thyme, and camomile and in soil persisted beyond 10, 14, 14, and 21 d but no residues were detected after 14, 21, 21, and 28 d, respectively. The data obtained in this study indicated that the biexponential model is more suitable than the first-order function to describe the decline of thiacloprid in fresh marjoram, fresh thyme, and dried camomile flowers with half-life （t1/2） of 1.1, 0.7, and 1.2 d, respectively. However, both the first-order function and biexponential model were found to be applicable for dissipation of thiacloprid in soil with almost the same t1/2 values of 3.5 and 3.6 d. The results indicated that thiacloprid dissipates rapidly and does not accumulate in the tested herbs and in soil.
基金Project supported by the Ministry of Agriculture,Food and Rural Affairs(No.314073-03)the Ministry for Food,Agriculture,Forestry and Fisheries,Korea(No.614102-2)the National Research Foundation of Korea(No.2009-0093824)
文摘Antioxidative and cytotoxic effects of chamomile（Matricaria chamomilla） fermented by Lactobacillus plantarum were investigated to improve their biofunctional activities. Total polyphenol（TP） content was measured by the Folin-Denis method, and the antioxidant activities were assessed by the 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl（DPPH） method and β-carotene bleaching method. AGS, HeL a, LoV o, MCF-7, and MRC-5（normal） cells were used to examine the cytotoxic effects by 3-（4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl）-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium（MTT） assay. The TP content of fermented chamomile reduced from 21.75 to 18.76 mg gallic acid equivalent（mg GAE）/g, but the DPPH radical capturing activity of fermented chamomile was found to be 11.1% higher than that of nonfermented chamomile after 72 h of fermentation. Following the β-carotene bleaching, the antioxidative effect decreased because of a reduction in pH during fermentation. Additionally, chamomile fermented for 72 h showed a cytotoxic effect of about 95% against cancer cells at 12.7 mg solid/ml of broth, but MRC-5 cells were significantly less sensitive against fermented chamomile samples. These results suggest that the fermentation of chamomile could be applied to develop natural antioxidative and anticancer products.
文摘AIM: Cisplatin-based chemotherapy is a mainstay for the treatment of solid tumors, especially colorectal, ovarian, testicular, bladder, and lung cancer. Studies have shown that cisplatin could have painful effects on human and animal models. Matri-caria chamomilla (MC) has analgesic and anti-inflammatory effects. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of MC hydro-alcoholic extract on cisplatin-induced peripheral neuropathy and to compare with morphine in mice. METHODS: Experiments were performed on 60 NMRI male mice weighed 25 g to 30 g which have been divided into 6 groups. The first group received normal saline; the second group received MC hydroalcoholic extract; the third group received cisplatin; the fourth group received MC hydroalcoholic extract and cisplatin, 96 hours before formalin test; the fifth group received morphine and the sixth group received cisplatin and mor-phine. The time of injected hind paw biting and licking time were measured in 5-minute interval for an hour. RESULTS: Results showed that formalin induced significant (P < 0.05) pain response (the first phase: 0-5 min and the second phase: 15-40 min after injection). Administration of MC extract before formalin injection showed significant (P < 0.05) decrease of pain responses in the first and second phase. Administration of cisplatin produced significant (P < 0.05) increase in pain response in both phases of formalin test. Injection of MC extract and cisplatin together have shown that MC is able to decrease the second phase of cisplatin-induced pain sig-nificantly (P < 0.05). Morphine decreased cisplatin-induced pain in the first and second phase of formalin test significantly ( P < 0.05). In comparison morphine has analgesic effects in the first phase and MC extract has anti inflammatory effects in the second phase of formalin test significantly (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION: MC and cisplatin have analgesic and painful neuropathic respective effects, and MC hydroalcoholic extract is able to decrease cisplatin-induced pain and infla
文摘Nigella sativa and Matricaria chamomilla are extensively consumed as tea or tonic. Despite their widespread use as a home remedy, relatively few trials evaluated their benefits in nephroprotection. Hence, this study evaluates the nephroprotective effects of supportive treatments (N. sativa, M. chamomilla and vitamin E) in cisplatin nephrotoxicity rat model. Eighty rats divided into 10 groups, of 8 animals each. The first group (G1) injected with saline intra-pretoneal (i.p). G2 injected with 5 mg/kg cisplatin i.p on zero day of experiment and repeated 4 times, with 5 days free interval. G3-G10 received daily supportive treatments, started 5 days before the experiment (–5day). Concomitantly G4, G6, G8 and G10 injected with 5 mg/kg cisplatin i.p like G2. On day sixteen, animal scarified, serum and/or kidney tissue were used to determine kidney function tests (serum urea, creatinine, NAG, β-gal), oxidative stress indices (NO, LPO), antioxidant activities (SOD), sulphur compounds (GGT, GSH, total thiols ), apoptotic indices (cathepsin D, DNA fragmentation), two minerals (Ca2+ and zn2+). Cisplatin caused marked elevation in serum GGT that reduced signifi-cantly in group received M. chamomilla with cisplatin (P < 0.001). There is a correlation between GGT and NAG in cisplatin group (r = 0.731 p < 0.05) that may suggest one of possible mechanisms of renal injury by cisplatin. M. chamomilla followed by N. sativa and vitamin E improved the biochemical and pathological renal injury, as determined by increasing the body weight, normalizing the kidney functions, decreasing the oxidative stress markers, improving the apoptotic markers, minimizing the pathological changes. Hence, N. sativa and M. chamomilla will be a promising nephroprotective agents for reducing cisplatin nephrotoxicity, most probably, by antioxidants effects and inhibition GGT production, respectively.
基金The financial support of this study was provided using research grant 95841966 from the Iran National Science Foundation(INSF).
文摘Matricaria chamomilla is a valuable medicinal plant belonging to the Asteraceae family.Its medicinal and pharmaceutical impacts are correlated to major flavonoid compounds like apigenin.In this investigation,methanolic extracts of M.chamomilla inflorescence gathered from six natural populations were evaluated for their phytochemical content and antioxidant activity.The content of total flavonoid and phenol modified from 3.72 to 7.94 mg g-1 DW and 1.37 to 3.51 mg g-1 DW,respectively.Flavonoid compositions revealed significant differences among six populations,and the highest apigenin(1.27%(w/w))and apigenin-7-glucoside(0.86%(w/w))contents were recognized in MD populations,respectively.Both PCA and Pearson’s correlation analyses revealed total phenol,flavonoid,apigenin and apigenin-7-glucoside were negatively correlated with the IC50 of DPPH activity and EC50 of reducing power.Altitude and precipitation indicated the positive and negative effects on phytochemical contents,respectively.These results can provide a theoretical basis for getting the targeted antioxidant phytochemicals of M.chamomilla for pharmaceutical and food industries,and also give a science for selection of the best population for cell culture and secondary metabolite production in future.
