Based on research on rare earth elements (REEs) and cerium anomalies in cherts from the Paleo-Tethys, their depositional environments are shown and the evolution of the Paleo-Tethys is traced. The amount of terrigenou...Based on research on rare earth elements (REEs) and cerium anomalies in cherts from the Paleo-Tethys, their depositional environments are shown and the evolution of the Paleo-Tethys is traced. The amount of terrigenous, biogenic and hydrothermal inputs are the important factors that affect the REEs composition of the cherts.展开更多
This study presents geochemical characteristics of glauconites in estuarine deposits within the Maastrichtian Lameta Formation in central India. Resting conformably over the Bagh Group, the Lameta Formation consists o...This study presents geochemical characteristics of glauconites in estuarine deposits within the Maastrichtian Lameta Formation in central India. Resting conformably over the Bagh Group, the Lameta Formation consists of ~4-5 m thick arenaceous, argillaceous and calcareous green sandstones underlying the Deccan Traps. The sandstone is friable, medium-to coarse-grained, well-sorted and thoroughly crossstratified, and contains marine fossils. Detailed petrography, spectroscopy and mineral chemistry indicates unique chemical composition of glauconite with high KO, MgO, AlOand moderate TFeO. Glauconite is formed by the replacement of K-feldspars, initially as stringers in the cleavages and fractures of feldspars. Incipient glauconite subsequently evolves fully, appearing as pellets. Fully-evolved glauconite pellets often leave tiny relics of K-feldspar. XRD exhibits characteristic peak of 10A from basal(001)reflection of glauconite, indicating the "evolved" character. The KO content of glauconites in the Lameta Formation varies from 5.51% to 8.29%, corroborating the "evolved" to "highly-evolved" maturation stage.The TFeOcontent of glauconite varies from 12.56% to 18.90%. The PASS-normalized-REE patterns of glauconite exhibit a "hat-shape" confirming the authigenic origin of glauconites. The slightly-negative to slightly-positive Ce anomaly value and the moderate TFeOcontent of glauconite agree well with a suboxic,estuarine condition. The replacement of K-feldspar by the glauconite contributes towards the high KO content. Compositional evolution of glauconites in the Lameta Formation is similar to those observed in many Precambrian sedimentary sequences.展开更多
Cerium anomaly in a marine carbonatite could be used as an indicator of redox condition in the paleosea- water. The bottom sea water of the Angola Basin and the Brazil Basin (SOuth Atlantic Ocean) was anoxic duringCre...Cerium anomaly in a marine carbonatite could be used as an indicator of redox condition in the paleosea- water. The bottom sea water of the Angola Basin and the Brazil Basin (SOuth Atlantic Ocean) was anoxic duringCretaceous period. At about 58×106-54×106 a BP, the sea water of the South Atlantic Ocean became oxidizedcondition which was similar to that of the modern Atlantic Ocean. This paper presents a new cerium redox thermodynamic equation which could explain the long-standing problems, such as the different characteristics of the ceriumanomalies in the sea water and river water and why there are positive cerium anomalies in the surface sea water,etc.Investigation reveals that at 58×106-54×106 a BP, the plates of Africa and South America were separatedfrom each other thoroughly and the unified Atlantic Ocean took shape. We suggest that the Alpine and Himalayanmovements were in synchronism.展开更多
The central block of the auriferous Ramagiri schist belt, in the Eastern Dharwar Craton, India consists of bimodal volcanics(mafic-felsic), shaly BIF and metasedimentary rocks. Geochemical studies of the associated sh...The central block of the auriferous Ramagiri schist belt, in the Eastern Dharwar Craton, India consists of bimodal volcanics(mafic-felsic), shaly BIF and metasedimentary rocks. Geochemical studies of the associated shaly BIF have indicated the enrichment of the major and trace elements such as Si O2, Al2O3, Ti O2, K2 O, Mg O, Fe2O3(T),Zr, Y, Cr, Ni, alkali and alkaline earth elements indicates that the clastic component of the shaly BIF had their contribution from the contemporaneous bimodal volcanics.The concave chondrite normalized REE patterns share ubiquitously anomalous positive cerium anomaly, absence of positive europium anomaly and the overall HREE enrichment. The REE patterns resemble those from the modern day sea water, except for positive Ce anomaly. The data suggests that arc related bimodal volcanism had been the plausible source of Fe, silica, REE and other trace elements. The coherent behaviour of Fe, Ti, Mn and P with the REEs indicates that they got incorporated from Fe–Ti–Mn bearing primary minerals and secondary products like clays. The variability of REE patterns in the BIF formation samples probably results from the differences in scavenging efficiency. The BIF bears signatures of mixing of the contemporaneous clastic and chemical processes, as well as the changes accompanying diagenesis and metamorphism.The precipitation of Fe did not stop during the sedimentation in an island arc related tectonic setting. The BIF strongly lacks the signatures from hydrothermal input. The presence of positive cerium anomalies and the absence of positive europium anomalies in the shaly banded ironformations imply that iron oxidation during BIF deposition took place in shallow waters rather than at depth, at oxicanoxic boundary.展开更多
基金Porject supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China.
文摘Based on research on rare earth elements (REEs) and cerium anomalies in cherts from the Paleo-Tethys, their depositional environments are shown and the evolution of the Paleo-Tethys is traced. The amount of terrigenous, biogenic and hydrothermal inputs are the important factors that affect the REEs composition of the cherts.
基金Ministry of Mines, Government of India for financial support through grant F No. 14/77/2015Met. IV
文摘This study presents geochemical characteristics of glauconites in estuarine deposits within the Maastrichtian Lameta Formation in central India. Resting conformably over the Bagh Group, the Lameta Formation consists of ~4-5 m thick arenaceous, argillaceous and calcareous green sandstones underlying the Deccan Traps. The sandstone is friable, medium-to coarse-grained, well-sorted and thoroughly crossstratified, and contains marine fossils. Detailed petrography, spectroscopy and mineral chemistry indicates unique chemical composition of glauconite with high KO, MgO, AlOand moderate TFeO. Glauconite is formed by the replacement of K-feldspars, initially as stringers in the cleavages and fractures of feldspars. Incipient glauconite subsequently evolves fully, appearing as pellets. Fully-evolved glauconite pellets often leave tiny relics of K-feldspar. XRD exhibits characteristic peak of 10A from basal(001)reflection of glauconite, indicating the "evolved" character. The KO content of glauconites in the Lameta Formation varies from 5.51% to 8.29%, corroborating the "evolved" to "highly-evolved" maturation stage.The TFeOcontent of glauconite varies from 12.56% to 18.90%. The PASS-normalized-REE patterns of glauconite exhibit a "hat-shape" confirming the authigenic origin of glauconites. The slightly-negative to slightly-positive Ce anomaly value and the moderate TFeOcontent of glauconite agree well with a suboxic,estuarine condition. The replacement of K-feldspar by the glauconite contributes towards the high KO content. Compositional evolution of glauconites in the Lameta Formation is similar to those observed in many Precambrian sedimentary sequences.
文摘Cerium anomaly in a marine carbonatite could be used as an indicator of redox condition in the paleosea- water. The bottom sea water of the Angola Basin and the Brazil Basin (SOuth Atlantic Ocean) was anoxic duringCretaceous period. At about 58×106-54×106 a BP, the sea water of the South Atlantic Ocean became oxidizedcondition which was similar to that of the modern Atlantic Ocean. This paper presents a new cerium redox thermodynamic equation which could explain the long-standing problems, such as the different characteristics of the ceriumanomalies in the sea water and river water and why there are positive cerium anomalies in the surface sea water,etc.Investigation reveals that at 58×106-54×106 a BP, the plates of Africa and South America were separatedfrom each other thoroughly and the unified Atlantic Ocean took shape. We suggest that the Alpine and Himalayanmovements were in synchronism.
基金Department of Science and Technology, New Delhi under DST Fast Track Project scheme No. HR/OY/A-16/98
文摘The central block of the auriferous Ramagiri schist belt, in the Eastern Dharwar Craton, India consists of bimodal volcanics(mafic-felsic), shaly BIF and metasedimentary rocks. Geochemical studies of the associated shaly BIF have indicated the enrichment of the major and trace elements such as Si O2, Al2O3, Ti O2, K2 O, Mg O, Fe2O3(T),Zr, Y, Cr, Ni, alkali and alkaline earth elements indicates that the clastic component of the shaly BIF had their contribution from the contemporaneous bimodal volcanics.The concave chondrite normalized REE patterns share ubiquitously anomalous positive cerium anomaly, absence of positive europium anomaly and the overall HREE enrichment. The REE patterns resemble those from the modern day sea water, except for positive Ce anomaly. The data suggests that arc related bimodal volcanism had been the plausible source of Fe, silica, REE and other trace elements. The coherent behaviour of Fe, Ti, Mn and P with the REEs indicates that they got incorporated from Fe–Ti–Mn bearing primary minerals and secondary products like clays. The variability of REE patterns in the BIF formation samples probably results from the differences in scavenging efficiency. The BIF bears signatures of mixing of the contemporaneous clastic and chemical processes, as well as the changes accompanying diagenesis and metamorphism.The precipitation of Fe did not stop during the sedimentation in an island arc related tectonic setting. The BIF strongly lacks the signatures from hydrothermal input. The presence of positive cerium anomalies and the absence of positive europium anomalies in the shaly banded ironformations imply that iron oxidation during BIF deposition took place in shallow waters rather than at depth, at oxicanoxic boundary.
