AIM: To study the eradication rate of Helicobacter pylori (Hp) in a group of type 2 diabetes and compared it with an age and sex matched non-diabetic group.METHODS: 40 diabetic patients (21 females, 19 males;56±7...AIM: To study the eradication rate of Helicobacter pylori (Hp) in a group of type 2 diabetes and compared it with an age and sex matched non-diabetic group.METHODS: 40 diabetic patients (21 females, 19 males;56±7 years) and 40 non-diabetic dyspeptic patients (20females, 20 males; 54±9 years) were evaluated. Diabetic patients with dyspeptic complaints were referred for upper gastrointestinal endoscopies; 2 corpus and 2 antral gastric biopsy specimens were performed on each patient. Patients with positive Hp results on histopathological examination comprised the study group. Non-diabetic dyspeptic patients seen at the Gastroenterology Outpatient Clinic and with the same biopsy and treatment protocol formed the control group.A triple therapy with amoxycillin (1 g b.i.d), clarithromycin (500 mg b.i.d) and omeprazole (20 mg b.i.d.) was given to both groups for 10 days. Cure was defined as the absence of Hp infection assessed by corpus and antrum biopsies in control upper gastrointestinal endoscopies performed 6weeks after completing the antimicrobial therapy.RESULTS: The eradication rate was 50 % in the diabetic group versus 85 % in the non-diabetic control group (P＜0.001).CONCLUSION: Type 2 diabetic patients showed a significantly lower eradication rate than controls which may be due to changes in microvasculature of the stomach and to frequent antibiotic usage because of recurrent bacterial infections with the development of resistant strains.展开更多
BACKGROUND Targeted treatments may greatly affect the natural history of urothelial carcinoma based on their pharmacokinetics. A phase II trial has explored the combination of cytotoxic chemotherapy with the anti-HER-...BACKGROUND Targeted treatments may greatly affect the natural history of urothelial carcinoma based on their pharmacokinetics. A phase II trial has explored the combination of cytotoxic chemotherapy with the anti-HER-2 monoclonal antibody trastuzumab in selected patients with metastatic bladder cancer, but it failed.CASE SUMMARY Here, we report a case of recurrent urothelial bladder carcinoma(UBC) in a patient who has undergone three operations, and further illuminate its diagnosis and treatment. The diagnosis of UBC was rendered according to the pathological indices. Next-generation sequencing on formalin fixed paraffin-embedded(FFPE)tissue was also performed and suggested HER2 gene amplification in the FFPE tissue. Based on HER2 gene amplification in FFPE, the patient was treated with chemotherapy in combination with trastuzumab after his third surgery.Fortunately, the patient got a clinically complete remission to trastuzumab for 34 mo.CONCLUSION There is not enough clinical evidence for incorporating trastuzumab in routine treatment of UBC. This case hinted that recurrent UBC patients with HER2 gene amplification may benefit from targeted trastuzumab. Further studies are needed to further investigate the status of HER2 gene and better determine trastuzumab in the management of UBC.展开更多
The production-oriented approach （POA） has been developed over a decade. It is driven by the need to improve English classroom instruction for university students in China （Wen, 2016）. It is also motivated by the ...The production-oriented approach （POA） has been developed over a decade. It is driven by the need to improve English classroom instruction for university students in China （Wen, 2016）. It is also motivated by the aspiration to enhance the quality of foreign language education in other similar pedagogical contexts outside China. A volume of research has been done by Wen Qiufang and her research team, to formulate the theory of POA and to test its effectiveness in classroom pedagogy （e.g. Wen, 2016, 2015; Yang, 2015; Zhang, 2015）. At the moment, the POA is still at an early stage of theory building and almost all empirical research is done in the Chinese context. In order to improve the quality of this theory and to make it intelligible to the international academic community, a one-day symposium was held in Beijing Foreign Studies University on May 15, 2017. The symposium was entitled ＇The first international forum on innovative foreign language education in China： Appraisal of the POA＇. In the forum, leading experts in applied linguistics were invited to discuss the strengths and weaknesses of the POA and the directions for its future development. The symposium was the first attempt for the POA research team to discuss its latest work with international scholars. This Viewpoint section collects the responses of four experts who participated in the symposium, listed in alphabetical order. The collection of articles covers three topics related to the POA： its pedagogical application, its use for teacher training, and its research. Alister Cumming is Professor Emeritus and the former Head of the Centre for Educational Research on Languages and Literacies, University of Toronto, Canada. His article focuses primarily on POA research as an exemplary case of design-based research. Rod Ellis is Research Professor in the School of Education at Curtin University, Australia. He discusses POA in terms of pedagogy, teacher training and research, with both critiques and constructive suggestions. Paul Kei M展开更多
Background Genetic association studies on populations of European origin have identified the DCDC2 gene as a susceptibility locus for developmental dyslexia.Here,we sought to investigate the association of DCDC2 polym...Background Genetic association studies on populations of European origin have identified the DCDC2 gene as a susceptibility locus for developmental dyslexia.Here,we sought to investigate the association of DCDC2 polymorphisms with developmental dyslexia in children of Han Chinese origin.Methods We undertook a case-control genetic association study on 76 dyslexic children and 79 non-dyslexic matched controls.We isolated DNA from oral mucosal cell samples and genotyped two DCDC2 coding-sequence single nucleotide polymorphisms,rs2274305 and rs6456593,in each sample using SNaPshot single nucleotide extension.We compared the allele and genotype frequencies between the groups using the X2 test and analyzed the relationship between dyslexia and the polymorphism at both loci using unconditional logistic regression.We also predicted haplotypes and compared their frequencies between the two groups.Results The differences in the genotype distribution and the allelic genes of the two single nucleotide luci of the DCDC2 gene,rs2274305 and rs6456593,between the two dyslexic and non-dyslexic groups were statistically meaningless （P 〉0.05）.The differences in the haplotype distributions of the DCDC2 gene between the dyslexic and normal group were statistically meaningless （P 〉0.05）.Conclusion The DCDC2 gene may not be a susceptibility factor for developmental dyslexia among the Han Chinese.However,methodological issues may have prevented the detection of oositive associations.展开更多
BACKGROUND Hereditary spherocytosis(HS)is a hereditary disease of hemolytic anemia that occurs due to the erythrocyte membrane defects.Dubin–Johnson syndrome(DJS),which commonly results in jaundice,is a benign heredi...BACKGROUND Hereditary spherocytosis(HS)is a hereditary disease of hemolytic anemia that occurs due to the erythrocyte membrane defects.Dubin–Johnson syndrome(DJS),which commonly results in jaundice,is a benign hereditary disorder of bilirubin clearance that occurs only rarely.The co-occurrence of HS and DJS is extremely rare.We recently diagnosed and treated a case of co-occurring HS and DJS.CASE SUMMARY A 21-year-old female patient presented to our department because of severe jaundice,severe splenomegaly,and mild anemia since birth.We eventually confirmed the diagnosis of co-occurring DJS and HS by next generation sequencing(NGS).The treatment of ursodeoxycholic acid in combination with phenobarbital successfully increased hemoglobin and reduced total bilirubin and direct bilirubin.CONCLUSION The routine application of NGS can efficiently render a definite diagnosis when inherited disorders are suspected.展开更多
BACKGROUND We analyzed the main features of an infant diagnosed with temporary neonatal cyanosis in order to strengthen our understanding of the disease.CASE SUMMARY We report a patient diagnosed with temporary neonat...BACKGROUND We analyzed the main features of an infant diagnosed with temporary neonatal cyanosis in order to strengthen our understanding of the disease.CASE SUMMARY We report a patient diagnosed with temporary neonatal cyanosis.The main clinical characteristics,gene mutation and treatment are discussed and a review of related literature was conducted.The neonate aged 1 d and 5 h was admitted to hospital due to cyanosis after birth.The main clinical manifestation was cyanosis,which was not improved by auxiliary ventilation and the patient showed no obvious shortness of breath or methemoglobinemia.Gene mutation analysis showed a heterozygous c.190C>T mutation in the HBG2 gene associated with transient neonatal cyanosis,which was derived from his mother.Symptomatic supportive treatment was given for 2 mo.The neonate was discharged and gradually improved with oral administration of vitamin C and vitamin B2 for 2 wk.CONCLUSION There is no special treatment for temporary neonatal cyanosis caused by heterozygous mutation of the HBG2 gene.展开更多
1 Introduction Nigella sativa, known as black seed, has analgesic, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant and anticancer effects. It has been shown to reduce the development of kidney failure when given prior to the use of ne...1 Introduction Nigella sativa, known as black seed, has analgesic, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant and anticancer effects. It has been shown to reduce the development of kidney failure when given prior to the use of nephrotoxic drugs particularly due to its antioxidant action. However, as far as the authors could ascertain, there is no human study in literature showing these effects. Here we present a case of acute renal failure after the use of N. sativa, rather than exhibiting antioxidant or antidiabetic effects.展开更多
BACKGROUND Melatonin is reported to be related to diabetes mellitus(DM)risk;however,the effect of melatonin on diabetic retinopathy(DR)risk remains unclear.AIM The aim of this study was to determine the effect of mela...BACKGROUND Melatonin is reported to be related to diabetes mellitus(DM)risk;however,the effect of melatonin on diabetic retinopathy(DR)risk remains unclear.AIM The aim of this study was to determine the effect of melatonin on DR risk.METHODS A hospital-based case-control study was conducted from January 2020 to June 2020.DR was assessed using the Diabetic Retinopathy preferred practice pattern(PPP)-updated 2019 criteria.The participants were divided into the DM cases without DR(NDR)group,non-proliferative DR(NPDR)group and proliferative DR(PDR)group.Plasma melatonin concentration was detected with the enzymelinked immunosorbent assay kit.The relationship between plasma melatonin concentration and DR risk as well as severity was assessed.RESULTS It was found that plasma melatonin was 72.83±16.25,60.38±13.43,44.48±10.30 and 44.69±8.95 pg/mL in healthy controls,NDR group,NPDR and PDR group,respectively.In addition,it was found that plasma melatonin could be used as a potential diagnostic biomarker for DR(AUC=0.893,P<0.001).There was a significant positive relationship between total bilirubin and melatonin content(P<0.001)based on the correlation assay.Significant associations between total bilirubin and melatonin content were also detected in the NPDR(R2=0.360,P<0.001)and PDR(R2=0.183,P<0.001)groups.CONCLUSION The data obtained in this study demonstrated that plasma melatonin concentration was decreased in DR cases and could be used as a sensitive and specific marker for the diagnosis of DR.A significant positive relationship between total bilirubin and melatonin was detected.More related studies are required to understand the role of melatonin in DR.展开更多
Based on the in situ optical measurements in the Bohai Sea of China, which belongs to a typical case-2 water area, we studied the characteristics of DCM (deep chlorophyll maximum) such as its spatial distribution, ver...Based on the in situ optical measurements in the Bohai Sea of China, which belongs to a typical case-2 water area, we studied the characteristics of DCM (deep chlorophyll maximum) such as its spatial distribution, vertical profile, etc. We found that when the depth of the chlorophyll maximum is comparatively small, even in turbid coastal water regions, there is always a good correlation between the concentrations of chlorophyll maximum and the satellite-received signals in blue-green spectral bands; the correlation is even better than that between the surface chlorophyll concentrations and the satellite-received signals. The strong correlation existing even in turbid coastal water regions indicates that an ocean color model to retrieve the concentration of DCM can be constructed for coastal waters if a comprehensive knowledge of the vertical distribution of chlorophyll concentration in the Bohai Sea of China is available.展开更多
BACKGROUND The effectiveness of sofosbuvir/ribavirin(SOF/RBV) combination therapy,which is one of the 1 st-choice therapeutic options for patients with hepatitis C virus(HCV) genotype 2(HCV-G2) in Japan according to t...BACKGROUND The effectiveness of sofosbuvir/ribavirin(SOF/RBV) combination therapy,which is one of the 1 st-choice therapeutic options for patients with hepatitis C virus(HCV) genotype 2(HCV-G2) in Japan according to the most recent version of the Japan Society of Hepatology guideline, for patients who experienced failure of the ombitasvir/paritaprevir/ritonavir plus ribavirin(OBV/PTV/r+RBV) combination therapy, which was another option for patients with HCV-G2, is unknown.CASE SUMMARY We evaluated the effects of SOF/RBV combination therapy in two patients with genotype 2 a who could not achieve a sustained virological response(SVR) by OBV/PTV/r+RBV combination therapy. One patient was complicated with VogtKoyanagi-Harada(VKH) disease. Resistance-associated variations before SOF/RBV combination therapy were not detected in two patients. Both patients had an SVR at 12 wk after the treatment(SVR12). Regarding adverse events(AEs), itching, chill, a dull feeling in the throat and cough as well as increase of alanine transaminase level were shown in one patient, while a headache and deterioration of light aversion probably due to the recurrence of VKH disease were shown in the other patients. In addition, the latter patient developed arthralgia and morning stiffness approximately 7 wk after the therapy and turned out to be diagnosed with rheumatoid arthralgia.CONCLUSION SOF/RBV therapy might be effective for patients experiencing failure of OBV/PTV/r+RBV therapy, but caution should be taken regarding the AEs.展开更多
Spinal muscular atrophy(SMA)is an autosomal recessive hereditary neuromuscular disease.Exon 7 and 8 of survival of motor neuron 1(SMN1)gene or only exon 7 homology deletion leads to the failure to produce a full-lengt...Spinal muscular atrophy(SMA)is an autosomal recessive hereditary neuromuscular disease.Exon 7 and 8 of survival of motor neuron 1(SMN1)gene or only exon 7 homology deletion leads to the failure to produce a full-length SMN gene.The copy number of SMN2 gene with high homology of SMN1 affects the degree of disease and was the target gene for targeting therapy,in which splicing silencer in intron 7 was the key to suppress the inclusion of exon 7.In this study,we projected to use CRISPR/Case 9 for the targeted editing of intronic-splicing silencer(ISS)sequence to promote the inclusion of SMN2 exon 7 and increase the production of SMN2 full-length(FL)gene expression.It happens that there was a protospacer adjacent motif(PAM)at one end of the ISS sequence according to the design of sgRNA.The recombinant vector of sgRNA HSMN2 CRISPR/Case 9 was constructed and transfected into HEK293 cells.Sequencing results showed that the ISS sequence could be edited accurately and targeting in the predicted direction,in which deleting small fragments,inserting small amounts and mutation.Quantitative analysis of RT-PCR products by restriction enzyme of DdeI digestion showed that the FL of SMN2 increased by 8%(P<0.05).In the primary cultured chondrocytes of SMA mice,in which sgRNA HSMN2 CRISPR/Case9 recombinant vector transfection could increase the SMN2 FL gene by 23%(P<0.05)and significantly improve SMN protein levels(P<0.05).CRISPR/Case 9 is an effective tool for gene editing and therapy of hereditary diseases,but it is rarely reported in the treatment of SMA diseases.This study shows that CRISPR/Case 9 was first used for the precision target of ISS sequence editing,which can effectively promote the production of SMN2 FL gene expressions,in which there was an important clinical reference value.展开更多
文摘AIM: To study the eradication rate of Helicobacter pylori (Hp) in a group of type 2 diabetes and compared it with an age and sex matched non-diabetic group.METHODS: 40 diabetic patients (21 females, 19 males;56±7 years) and 40 non-diabetic dyspeptic patients (20females, 20 males; 54±9 years) were evaluated. Diabetic patients with dyspeptic complaints were referred for upper gastrointestinal endoscopies; 2 corpus and 2 antral gastric biopsy specimens were performed on each patient. Patients with positive Hp results on histopathological examination comprised the study group. Non-diabetic dyspeptic patients seen at the Gastroenterology Outpatient Clinic and with the same biopsy and treatment protocol formed the control group.A triple therapy with amoxycillin (1 g b.i.d), clarithromycin (500 mg b.i.d) and omeprazole (20 mg b.i.d.) was given to both groups for 10 days. Cure was defined as the absence of Hp infection assessed by corpus and antrum biopsies in control upper gastrointestinal endoscopies performed 6weeks after completing the antimicrobial therapy.RESULTS: The eradication rate was 50 % in the diabetic group versus 85 % in the non-diabetic control group (P＜0.001).CONCLUSION: Type 2 diabetic patients showed a significantly lower eradication rate than controls which may be due to changes in microvasculature of the stomach and to frequent antibiotic usage because of recurrent bacterial infections with the development of resistant strains.
基金Supported by Zhejiang Natural Science Foundation-Zhejiang Mathematical and Physical Medical Association,No.SY19H310001
文摘BACKGROUND Targeted treatments may greatly affect the natural history of urothelial carcinoma based on their pharmacokinetics. A phase II trial has explored the combination of cytotoxic chemotherapy with the anti-HER-2 monoclonal antibody trastuzumab in selected patients with metastatic bladder cancer, but it failed.CASE SUMMARY Here, we report a case of recurrent urothelial bladder carcinoma(UBC) in a patient who has undergone three operations, and further illuminate its diagnosis and treatment. The diagnosis of UBC was rendered according to the pathological indices. Next-generation sequencing on formalin fixed paraffin-embedded(FFPE)tissue was also performed and suggested HER2 gene amplification in the FFPE tissue. Based on HER2 gene amplification in FFPE, the patient was treated with chemotherapy in combination with trastuzumab after his third surgery.Fortunately, the patient got a clinically complete remission to trastuzumab for 34 mo.CONCLUSION There is not enough clinical evidence for incorporating trastuzumab in routine treatment of UBC. This case hinted that recurrent UBC patients with HER2 gene amplification may benefit from targeted trastuzumab. Further studies are needed to further investigate the status of HER2 gene and better determine trastuzumab in the management of UBC.
文摘The production-oriented approach （POA） has been developed over a decade. It is driven by the need to improve English classroom instruction for university students in China （Wen, 2016）. It is also motivated by the aspiration to enhance the quality of foreign language education in other similar pedagogical contexts outside China. A volume of research has been done by Wen Qiufang and her research team, to formulate the theory of POA and to test its effectiveness in classroom pedagogy （e.g. Wen, 2016, 2015; Yang, 2015; Zhang, 2015）. At the moment, the POA is still at an early stage of theory building and almost all empirical research is done in the Chinese context. In order to improve the quality of this theory and to make it intelligible to the international academic community, a one-day symposium was held in Beijing Foreign Studies University on May 15, 2017. The symposium was entitled ＇The first international forum on innovative foreign language education in China： Appraisal of the POA＇. In the forum, leading experts in applied linguistics were invited to discuss the strengths and weaknesses of the POA and the directions for its future development. The symposium was the first attempt for the POA research team to discuss its latest work with international scholars. This Viewpoint section collects the responses of four experts who participated in the symposium, listed in alphabetical order. The collection of articles covers three topics related to the POA： its pedagogical application, its use for teacher training, and its research. Alister Cumming is Professor Emeritus and the former Head of the Centre for Educational Research on Languages and Literacies, University of Toronto, Canada. His article focuses primarily on POA research as an exemplary case of design-based research. Rod Ellis is Research Professor in the School of Education at Curtin University, Australia. He discusses POA in terms of pedagogy, teacher training and research, with both critiques and constructive suggestions. Paul Kei M
基金This study was supported by grants from the National Natural Science Foundation of China （No.81060239 and No.30872132）.
文摘Background Genetic association studies on populations of European origin have identified the DCDC2 gene as a susceptibility locus for developmental dyslexia.Here,we sought to investigate the association of DCDC2 polymorphisms with developmental dyslexia in children of Han Chinese origin.Methods We undertook a case-control genetic association study on 76 dyslexic children and 79 non-dyslexic matched controls.We isolated DNA from oral mucosal cell samples and genotyped two DCDC2 coding-sequence single nucleotide polymorphisms,rs2274305 and rs6456593,in each sample using SNaPshot single nucleotide extension.We compared the allele and genotype frequencies between the groups using the X2 test and analyzed the relationship between dyslexia and the polymorphism at both loci using unconditional logistic regression.We also predicted haplotypes and compared their frequencies between the two groups.Results The differences in the genotype distribution and the allelic genes of the two single nucleotide luci of the DCDC2 gene,rs2274305 and rs6456593,between the two dyslexic and non-dyslexic groups were statistically meaningless （P 〉0.05）.The differences in the haplotype distributions of the DCDC2 gene between the dyslexic and normal group were statistically meaningless （P 〉0.05）.Conclusion The DCDC2 gene may not be a susceptibility factor for developmental dyslexia among the Han Chinese.However,methodological issues may have prevented the detection of oositive associations.
基金Supported by the National Science and Technology Important and Special Project of China,No.2017ZX09304024
文摘BACKGROUND Hereditary spherocytosis(HS)is a hereditary disease of hemolytic anemia that occurs due to the erythrocyte membrane defects.Dubin–Johnson syndrome(DJS),which commonly results in jaundice,is a benign hereditary disorder of bilirubin clearance that occurs only rarely.The co-occurrence of HS and DJS is extremely rare.We recently diagnosed and treated a case of co-occurring HS and DJS.CASE SUMMARY A 21-year-old female patient presented to our department because of severe jaundice,severe splenomegaly,and mild anemia since birth.We eventually confirmed the diagnosis of co-occurring DJS and HS by next generation sequencing(NGS).The treatment of ursodeoxycholic acid in combination with phenobarbital successfully increased hemoglobin and reduced total bilirubin and direct bilirubin.CONCLUSION The routine application of NGS can efficiently render a definite diagnosis when inherited disorders are suspected.
基金Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.81771626
文摘BACKGROUND We analyzed the main features of an infant diagnosed with temporary neonatal cyanosis in order to strengthen our understanding of the disease.CASE SUMMARY We report a patient diagnosed with temporary neonatal cyanosis.The main clinical characteristics,gene mutation and treatment are discussed and a review of related literature was conducted.The neonate aged 1 d and 5 h was admitted to hospital due to cyanosis after birth.The main clinical manifestation was cyanosis,which was not improved by auxiliary ventilation and the patient showed no obvious shortness of breath or methemoglobinemia.Gene mutation analysis showed a heterozygous c.190C>T mutation in the HBG2 gene associated with transient neonatal cyanosis,which was derived from his mother.Symptomatic supportive treatment was given for 2 mo.The neonate was discharged and gradually improved with oral administration of vitamin C and vitamin B2 for 2 wk.CONCLUSION There is no special treatment for temporary neonatal cyanosis caused by heterozygous mutation of the HBG2 gene.
文摘1 Introduction Nigella sativa, known as black seed, has analgesic, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant and anticancer effects. It has been shown to reduce the development of kidney failure when given prior to the use of nephrotoxic drugs particularly due to its antioxidant action. However, as far as the authors could ascertain, there is no human study in literature showing these effects. Here we present a case of acute renal failure after the use of N. sativa, rather than exhibiting antioxidant or antidiabetic effects.
基金National Nature Science Foundation Project for Young Scientists of China,No.81700804The Foundation for Young Medical Talents of Jiangsu Province,No.QNRC2016211+1 种基金Scientific Research Project of Jiangsu Health Commission,No.Z2019044and Youth Project of Henan Provincial Health and Health Commission,Ministry of Education,No.SB201902008.
文摘BACKGROUND Melatonin is reported to be related to diabetes mellitus(DM)risk;however,the effect of melatonin on diabetic retinopathy(DR)risk remains unclear.AIM The aim of this study was to determine the effect of melatonin on DR risk.METHODS A hospital-based case-control study was conducted from January 2020 to June 2020.DR was assessed using the Diabetic Retinopathy preferred practice pattern(PPP)-updated 2019 criteria.The participants were divided into the DM cases without DR(NDR)group,non-proliferative DR(NPDR)group and proliferative DR(PDR)group.Plasma melatonin concentration was detected with the enzymelinked immunosorbent assay kit.The relationship between plasma melatonin concentration and DR risk as well as severity was assessed.RESULTS It was found that plasma melatonin was 72.83±16.25,60.38±13.43,44.48±10.30 and 44.69±8.95 pg/mL in healthy controls,NDR group,NPDR and PDR group,respectively.In addition,it was found that plasma melatonin could be used as a potential diagnostic biomarker for DR(AUC=0.893,P<0.001).There was a significant positive relationship between total bilirubin and melatonin content(P<0.001)based on the correlation assay.Significant associations between total bilirubin and melatonin content were also detected in the NPDR(R2=0.360,P<0.001)and PDR(R2=0.183,P<0.001)groups.CONCLUSION The data obtained in this study demonstrated that plasma melatonin concentration was decreased in DR cases and could be used as a sensitive and specific marker for the diagnosis of DR.A significant positive relationship between total bilirubin and melatonin was detected.More related studies are required to understand the role of melatonin in DR.
文摘Based on the in situ optical measurements in the Bohai Sea of China, which belongs to a typical case-2 water area, we studied the characteristics of DCM (deep chlorophyll maximum) such as its spatial distribution, vertical profile, etc. We found that when the depth of the chlorophyll maximum is comparatively small, even in turbid coastal water regions, there is always a good correlation between the concentrations of chlorophyll maximum and the satellite-received signals in blue-green spectral bands; the correlation is even better than that between the surface chlorophyll concentrations and the satellite-received signals. The strong correlation existing even in turbid coastal water regions indicates that an ocean color model to retrieve the concentration of DCM can be constructed for coastal waters if a comprehensive knowledge of the vertical distribution of chlorophyll concentration in the Bohai Sea of China is available.
文摘BACKGROUND The effectiveness of sofosbuvir/ribavirin(SOF/RBV) combination therapy,which is one of the 1 st-choice therapeutic options for patients with hepatitis C virus(HCV) genotype 2(HCV-G2) in Japan according to the most recent version of the Japan Society of Hepatology guideline, for patients who experienced failure of the ombitasvir/paritaprevir/ritonavir plus ribavirin(OBV/PTV/r+RBV) combination therapy, which was another option for patients with HCV-G2, is unknown.CASE SUMMARY We evaluated the effects of SOF/RBV combination therapy in two patients with genotype 2 a who could not achieve a sustained virological response(SVR) by OBV/PTV/r+RBV combination therapy. One patient was complicated with VogtKoyanagi-Harada(VKH) disease. Resistance-associated variations before SOF/RBV combination therapy were not detected in two patients. Both patients had an SVR at 12 wk after the treatment(SVR12). Regarding adverse events(AEs), itching, chill, a dull feeling in the throat and cough as well as increase of alanine transaminase level were shown in one patient, while a headache and deterioration of light aversion probably due to the recurrence of VKH disease were shown in the other patients. In addition, the latter patient developed arthralgia and morning stiffness approximately 7 wk after the therapy and turned out to be diagnosed with rheumatoid arthralgia.CONCLUSION SOF/RBV therapy might be effective for patients experiencing failure of OBV/PTV/r+RBV therapy, but caution should be taken regarding the AEs.
基金Nantong Science and Technology Program,grant number(JC2018090)the Practice Innovation Training Program Projects for the Jiangsu College Students,grant number(201810304028z)the Scientific Innovation Research of College Graduates in Jiangsu Province,grant number(KYCX18-2415)。
文摘Spinal muscular atrophy(SMA)is an autosomal recessive hereditary neuromuscular disease.Exon 7 and 8 of survival of motor neuron 1(SMN1)gene or only exon 7 homology deletion leads to the failure to produce a full-length SMN gene.The copy number of SMN2 gene with high homology of SMN1 affects the degree of disease and was the target gene for targeting therapy,in which splicing silencer in intron 7 was the key to suppress the inclusion of exon 7.In this study,we projected to use CRISPR/Case 9 for the targeted editing of intronic-splicing silencer(ISS)sequence to promote the inclusion of SMN2 exon 7 and increase the production of SMN2 full-length(FL)gene expression.It happens that there was a protospacer adjacent motif(PAM)at one end of the ISS sequence according to the design of sgRNA.The recombinant vector of sgRNA HSMN2 CRISPR/Case 9 was constructed and transfected into HEK293 cells.Sequencing results showed that the ISS sequence could be edited accurately and targeting in the predicted direction,in which deleting small fragments,inserting small amounts and mutation.Quantitative analysis of RT-PCR products by restriction enzyme of DdeI digestion showed that the FL of SMN2 increased by 8%(P<0.05).In the primary cultured chondrocytes of SMA mice,in which sgRNA HSMN2 CRISPR/Case9 recombinant vector transfection could increase the SMN2 FL gene by 23%(P<0.05)and significantly improve SMN protein levels(P<0.05).CRISPR/Case 9 is an effective tool for gene editing and therapy of hereditary diseases,but it is rarely reported in the treatment of SMA diseases.This study shows that CRISPR/Case 9 was first used for the precision target of ISS sequence editing,which can effectively promote the production of SMN2 FL gene expressions,in which there was an important clinical reference value.
