For the recycling of ferrous sludge from steel industry,the carbonation pellet process should be considered as a ＂green＂ process,since no impurities are added as well as CO2 can be sequestrated and consumed.Through ...For the recycling of ferrous sludge from steel industry,the carbonation pellet process should be considered as a ＂green＂ process,since no impurities are added as well as CO2 can be sequestrated and consumed.Through the thermodynamic calculation,the carbonation reaction can occur spontaneously and is an exothermic reaction.Based on the kinetic analysis through unreacted core model,the interfacial chemical reaction was the rate controlling step in the initial fast stage of carbonation,and the CO2 diffusion through the CaCO3 product layer was the rate controlling step in the following extremely slow stage.For the carbonation bonded mechanism,the pellet strength was gained by the formation and growing of CaCO3 product layer.Since the interfacial chemical reaction was the critical stage of the entire carbonation process,the emphasizes should be focused on the improvement of sorbent activity and the optimization of process parameters,such as pore structure,pore surface area,and total pressure,CO2 partial pressure,reaction temperature,etc to accelerate the reaction rate and to improve the quality of carbonation pellets.展开更多
The deposition profile of the impurity pellet is measured by a two-dimensional fast- framing vacuum ultraviolet （VUV） camera system in the large helical device （LHD）. The fast framing camera selectively measures t...The deposition profile of the impurity pellet is measured by a two-dimensional fast- framing vacuum ultraviolet （VUV） camera system in the large helical device （LHD）. The fast framing camera selectively measures the emission from the hydrogen-like ions of carbon （C VI） with a frame rate of several kHz. From the emission profile of the hydrogen-like carbon ions, which are in the process of ionization, the initial deposition profile of the carbon is estimated using a simple one-dimensional transport model.展开更多
A cylindrical carbon pellet with a size of 1.2L x 1.2φ mm to 1.8L x 1.8φ mm and a velocity of 100 m/s to 300 m/s was injected into large helical device （LHD） for an efficient fueling based on its deeper deposition...A cylindrical carbon pellet with a size of 1.2L x 1.2φ mm to 1.8L x 1.8φ mm and a velocity of 100 m/s to 300 m/s was injected into large helical device （LHD） for an efficient fueling based on its deeper deposition instead of hydrogen gas puffing and ice pellet injection. Electron density increment of Ane = 10^14 cm^-3 is successfully obtained by single carbon pellet injection without plasma collapse. Typical density and temperature of the ablation plasma of the carbon pellet, e.g., 6.5× 10^16 cm^-3 and 2.5 eV for CII, are examined respectively by spectroscopic method. A confinement improvement up to 50% compared to ISS-95 stellarator scaling is clearly observed in a relatively low-density regime of ne = 2 × 10^13 cm^-3 to 4×10^13 cm^-3, and high ion temperature Ti（0） of about 6 keV is also observed with an internal transport barrier at ne = 1.2 × 10^13 cm^-3. In particular, the improvement in the ion temperature largely exceeds that observed in hydrogen gas-puffed discharges, which typically ranges below 3 keV.展开更多
氚增殖包层中产氚率测量是聚变核能系统中需要研究的重要问题之一。本文开展了用于产氚率测量的碳酸锂探测片液闪样品制备方法的研究。结果表明:采用盐酸溶解碳酸锂探测片的方式,能制备成无色、透明度高且无分层的液闪样品,相比其他混...氚增殖包层中产氚率测量是聚变核能系统中需要研究的重要问题之一。本文开展了用于产氚率测量的碳酸锂探测片液闪样品制备方法的研究。结果表明:采用盐酸溶解碳酸锂探测片的方式,能制备成无色、透明度高且无分层的液闪样品,相比其他混酸处理,这种方法减少了寻找混酸间最佳体积比的步骤,简化了碳酸锂探测片液闪样品制备流程。对完善制备方法的研究表明:在20 m L的液闪测量瓶中,闪烁液的体积至少为10 m L以上;碳酸锂探测片刚好溶解后,盐酸用量不能超过0.2 m L(部分不超过0.4 m L)。该方法制备的液闪样品的兼容性在较长时间是稳定存在的,但淬灭程度会有较大变化,需考虑淬灭程度的变化对氚测量的影响。展开更多
基金Item Sponsored by National Natural Science Foundation of China(51074061)Natural Science Foundation-Steel and Iron Foundation of Hebei Province of China(E2011209039)
文摘For the recycling of ferrous sludge from steel industry,the carbonation pellet process should be considered as a ＂green＂ process,since no impurities are added as well as CO2 can be sequestrated and consumed.Through the thermodynamic calculation,the carbonation reaction can occur spontaneously and is an exothermic reaction.Based on the kinetic analysis through unreacted core model,the interfacial chemical reaction was the rate controlling step in the initial fast stage of carbonation,and the CO2 diffusion through the CaCO3 product layer was the rate controlling step in the following extremely slow stage.For the carbonation bonded mechanism,the pellet strength was gained by the formation and growing of CaCO3 product layer.Since the interfacial chemical reaction was the critical stage of the entire carbonation process,the emphasizes should be focused on the improvement of sorbent activity and the optimization of process parameters,such as pore structure,pore surface area,and total pressure,CO2 partial pressure,reaction temperature,etc to accelerate the reaction rate and to improve the quality of carbonation pellets.
基金supported by the NIFS budget code ULPP021,the Ministry of Education Science,Sports and CultureGrant-in-Aid for Scientific Research(B)23340184partially supported by the JSPS-NRF-NSFC A3 Foresight Program in the field of Plasma Physics(No.11261140328)
文摘The deposition profile of the impurity pellet is measured by a two-dimensional fast- framing vacuum ultraviolet （VUV） camera system in the large helical device （LHD）. The fast framing camera selectively measures the emission from the hydrogen-like ions of carbon （C VI） with a frame rate of several kHz. From the emission profile of the hydrogen-like carbon ions, which are in the process of ionization, the initial deposition profile of the carbon is estimated using a simple one-dimensional transport model.
文摘A cylindrical carbon pellet with a size of 1.2L x 1.2φ mm to 1.8L x 1.8φ mm and a velocity of 100 m/s to 300 m/s was injected into large helical device （LHD） for an efficient fueling based on its deeper deposition instead of hydrogen gas puffing and ice pellet injection. Electron density increment of Ane = 10^14 cm^-3 is successfully obtained by single carbon pellet injection without plasma collapse. Typical density and temperature of the ablation plasma of the carbon pellet, e.g., 6.5× 10^16 cm^-3 and 2.5 eV for CII, are examined respectively by spectroscopic method. A confinement improvement up to 50% compared to ISS-95 stellarator scaling is clearly observed in a relatively low-density regime of ne = 2 × 10^13 cm^-3 to 4×10^13 cm^-3, and high ion temperature Ti（0） of about 6 keV is also observed with an internal transport barrier at ne = 1.2 × 10^13 cm^-3. In particular, the improvement in the ion temperature largely exceeds that observed in hydrogen gas-puffed discharges, which typically ranges below 3 keV.
文摘氚增殖包层中产氚率测量是聚变核能系统中需要研究的重要问题之一。本文开展了用于产氚率测量的碳酸锂探测片液闪样品制备方法的研究。结果表明:采用盐酸溶解碳酸锂探测片的方式,能制备成无色、透明度高且无分层的液闪样品,相比其他混酸处理,这种方法减少了寻找混酸间最佳体积比的步骤,简化了碳酸锂探测片液闪样品制备流程。对完善制备方法的研究表明:在20 m L的液闪测量瓶中,闪烁液的体积至少为10 m L以上;碳酸锂探测片刚好溶解后,盐酸用量不能超过0.2 m L(部分不超过0.4 m L)。该方法制备的液闪样品的兼容性在较长时间是稳定存在的,但淬灭程度会有较大变化,需考虑淬灭程度的变化对氚测量的影响。
