Phytophthora pathogens secrete a large arsenal of effectors that manipulate host processes to create an environment conducive to pathogen colonization. However, the underlying mechanisms by which Phytophthora effector...Phytophthora pathogens secrete a large arsenal of effectors that manipulate host processes to create an environment conducive to pathogen colonization. However, the underlying mechanisms by which Phytophthora effectors manipulate host plant cells still remain largely unclear. In this study, we report that PcAvr3a12, a Phytophthera capsici RXLR effector and a member of the Avr3a effector family, suppresses plant immunity by targeting and inhibiting host plant peptidyl-prolyl cis-trans isomerase （PPlase）. Overexpression of PcAvr3a 12 in Arabidopsis thaliana enhanced plant susceptibility to P. capsici. FKBP15-2, an endoplasmic reticulum （ER）-Iocalized protein, was identified as a host target of PcAvr3a12 during early P. capsici infection. Analyses of A. thaliana T-DNA insertion mutant （fkbp15-2）, RNAi, and overexpression lines consistently showed that FKBP15-2 positively regulates plant immunity in response to Phytophthora infection. FKBP15-2 possesses PPlase activity essential for its contribution to immunity but is directly suppressed by PcAvr3a12. Interestingly, we found that FKBP15-2 is involved in ER stress sensing and is required for ER stress-mediated plant immunity. Taken together, these results suggest that P. capsici deploys an RXLR effector, PcAvr3a12, to facilitate infection by targeting and suppressing a novel ER-Iocalized PPlase, FKBP15-2, which is required for ER stress-mediated plant immunity.展开更多
Black pepper is the one of most important export products in Vietnam. As the largest exporter, Vietnam’s pepper commodities account for 58% of total worldwide exporters. However, Vietnam’s pepper production is deali...Black pepper is the one of most important export products in Vietnam. As the largest exporter, Vietnam’s pepper commodities account for 58% of total worldwide exporters. However, Vietnam’s pepper production is dealing with disease problems, especially foot rot/quick death infected by Phytophthora capsici. The disease results in serious and rapid spread and infection in Vietnam, with yearly reduction of about 2% of total pepper area. Disease management is recently challenging scientists and producers. Investigating characteristics of Phytophthora capsici and causes, therefore, play a significant role in treatment. This paper has indicated three main causes, which contribute to serious infection and outbreak of Phytophthora capsici;they are biological characteristics, climatic condition and cultivation. To control this disease, early detection and prevention are the best ways to manage disease. Finding new varieties, which are Phytophthora capsici tolerance or resistance, is significant in black pepper production worldwide.展开更多
Mycorrhiza helper bacteria(MHB)can promote the formation and functioning of arbuscular mycorrhizal(AM)symbiosis,but their role and application potential in coping with soil-borne diseases are still unclear.A 14-week g...Mycorrhiza helper bacteria(MHB)can promote the formation and functioning of arbuscular mycorrhizal(AM)symbiosis,but their role and application potential in coping with soil-borne diseases are still unclear.A 14-week greenhouse pot experiment was conducted to obtain several actinomycete strains helping AM symbiosis in suppressing the Phytophthora blight of pepper(Capsicum annuum L.),using a soil inoculated with Phytophthora capsici after sterilization.Five Streptomyces strains,including S.pseudogriseolus,S.albogriseolus,S.griseoaurantiacus,S.tricolor,and S.tendae,as well as the AM fungus(Funneliformis caledonium)were tested.The Phytophthora blight severity reached 66%at full productive stage in the uninoculated control,and inoculation of F.caledonium,S.griseoaurantiacus,and S.tricolor alone significantly decreased(P<0.05)it to 47%,40%,and 35%,respectively.Compared to F.caledonium alone,additional inoculation of S.tricolor or S.tendae,which were isolated from the rhizosphere of a healthy individual in an infected field,significantly elevated(P<0.05)root mycorrhizal colonization,root biomass,fruit yield,and total K acquisitions of pepper and further significantly decreased(P<0.05)blight severity.According to the feature of enhancing disease-suppression by AM symbiosis,both S.tricolor and S.tendae were confirmed as MHB strains here.Specifically,S.tendae had a stronger performance in directly accelerating mycorrhization,while S.tricolor was also an antagonist to the pathogenic P.capsici.Furthermore,S.griseoaurantiacus with the independent disease-suppression function was not an MHB strain here.The redundancy analyses demonstrated that when AM fungus was present,root mycorrhizal colonization replaced soil pH becoming the main factor affecting pepper Phytophthora blight.Thus,S.tricolor and S.tendae seemed to have the value of preparation and application in the future to help AM symbiosis against pepper Phytophthora blight.展开更多
Laboratory studies were conducted to evaluate the risk of Phytophthora capsici developing resistance to two morphlines, dimethomorph and flumorph. Metalaxyl, the well-known high risk of resistance fungicides, was used...Laboratory studies were conducted to evaluate the risk of Phytophthora capsici developing resistance to two morphlines, dimethomorph and flumorph. Metalaxyl, the well-known high risk of resistance fungicides, was used as reference fungicide. Resistant mutants for the three fungicides were isolated by treating mycelium with ultraviolet radiation. Metalaxyl-resistant mutants were obtained with high frequency and exhibited high level of resistance with factors more than 100 folds, while mutation frequency for dimethomorph-resistance was relatively low and the resistance factors ranged from 3.0 to 13.9 folds. Most dimethomorph-resistant mutants decreased in hyphal growth rate and the spoulation ability, which have a large impact upon the epidemic development of dimethomorph-resistant populations. These results suggested that the risk of resistant pathogen population was much lower for dimethomorph than for metalaxyl. Both the frequency of developing resistance and level of resistance （resistance factors = 1.8-14.6） to dimethomorph were similar to those of its structure analogue flumorh. Moreover, the cross-resistance were found between them, which suggested the risks of developing resistance to dimethomorph and flumorph in the pathogen were very closely related. As P. capsici can potentially develop resistance to dimethomorph and flumorph, and oomycetes usually have the high risk to develop resistance to fungicides, appropriate management against resistance development should be taken.展开更多
Cowpea [Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp] is an important legume in the midst of about 170 species of its genus because it is an important source of protein and other essential nutrients for humans and animals. Its product...Cowpea [Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp] is an important legume in the midst of about 170 species of its genus because it is an important source of protein and other essential nutrients for humans and animals. Its production faces many constraints such as the cowpea brown blotch disease caused by Colletotrichum capsici which contributes in wet conditions of the field to losses ranging from 42% to 100%. This study was conducted to identify Colletotrichum capsici isolates responsible for cowpea brown blotch disease and to determine their diversity in the Sudano-Sahelian zone of Cameroon. Identification and isolation were made from cowpea organ samples on the Potato Dextrose Agar (PDA) medium and, morphological and biometric characteristics such as: the colony color, the mycelium shape, the abundance of acervules, the presence or absence of saltations, the mycelial growth rate, the conidia length and width were used to assess the diversity. The results obtained indicate that 55 Colletotrichum capsici isolates have been identified in the Sudano-Sahelian zone of Cameroon. Statistical analysis showed that there is a significant difference between isolates. Isolates showed multiple colony colours and were brown coloured as presented by 36.36% of isolates, compact mycelium is found in 56.36% of isolates, 56.36% of isolates have abundant acervulis, and saltations were absent in 45.45% of C. capsici isolates. The mycelial growth rate is between 6.69 mm/d and 12.33 mm/d. The principal component analysis (PCA) made indicated that there are differences between the observed and measured characteristics. The Hierarchical Ascending Classification (HAC) was done and 10 morphotypes of C. capsici in the Sudano-Sahelian zone were identified.展开更多
[Objective] The paper was to explore the effect of different culture conditions on sporulation quantity of Phytophthora capsici in Capsicum annuum L.var.dactylus M.in Xunhua.[Method] The effects of light hours,pH,medi...[Objective] The paper was to explore the effect of different culture conditions on sporulation quantity of Phytophthora capsici in Capsicum annuum L.var.dactylus M.in Xunhua.[Method] The effects of light hours,pH,medium and temperature on sporulation quantity during isolation and culture process of P.capsici were studied.[Result] The sporulation quantity of P.capsici under the conditions of 24 h/day light,pH 7.0,potato medium（PSA） and 30 ℃ was the largest,and pH,basal medium and temperature had greater impact on sporulation quantity.[Conclusion]The study laid foundation for the study on natural incidence condition of C.annuum in Xunhua.展开更多
The activities of enzymes responsible for lignification in pepper, pre-inoculation with arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungus of Glomus intraradices and/or infection with pathogenic strain of Phytophthora capsici, and th...The activities of enzymes responsible for lignification in pepper, pre-inoculation with arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungus of Glomus intraradices and/or infection with pathogenic strain of Phytophthora capsici, and the biological control effect of G. intraradices on Phytophthora blight in pepper were investigated. The experiment was carried out with four treatments: (1) plants pre-inoculated with G. intraradices (Gi), (2) plants pre-inoculated with G. intraradices and then infected with P. capsici (Gi+Pc), (3) plants infected with P. capsici (Pc), and (4) plants without any of the two microorganisms (C). Mycorrhizal coloni-zation rate was reduced by about 10% in pathogen challenged plants. Root mortality caused by infection of P. capsici was com-pletely eliminated by pre-inoculation with antagonistic G. intraradices. On the ninth day after pathogen infection, Peroxidase (POD) activity increased by 116.9% in Pc-treated roots but by only 21.2% in Gi+Pc-treated roots, compared with the control, respectively. Polyphenol oxidase (PPO) and Phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL) activities gradually increased during the first 3 d and dramatically decreased in Pc-treated roots but slightly decreased in Gi+Pc-treated roots, respectively. On the ninth day after pathogen infection, PPO and PAL decreased by 62.8% and 73.9% in Pc-treated roots but by only 19.8% and 19.5% in Gi+Pc-treated roots, compared with the control, respectively. Three major POD isozymes (45 000, 53 000 and 114 000) were present in Pc-treated roots, while two major bands (53 000 and 114 000) and one minor band (45 000) were present in spectra of Gi+Pc-treated roots, the 45 000 POD isozyme was significantly suppressed by G. intraradices, suggesting that the 45 000 POD isozyme was induced by the pathogen infection but not induced by the antagonistic G. intraradices. A 60 000 PPO isozyme was induced in Pc-treated roots but not induced in Gi+Pc-treated roots. All these results showed the inoculation of antagonistic G. intraradices alleviates root mortality, activ展开更多
By growth rate method, the inhibitory effects of five solvent extracts from Helianthus tuberosus leaves against Phytophthora capsici were studied in the test. The results showed that different solvent extracts all had...By growth rate method, the inhibitory effects of five solvent extracts from Helianthus tuberosus leaves against Phytophthora capsici were studied in the test. The results showed that different solvent extracts all had inhibitory effect against P. capsici, while 12.5 mg/mL of extracts from H. tuberosus leaves with petroleum ether and ethyl acetate as solvents had the highest inhibitory effect against P. capsici, reaching 100%. In case of various solvent extracts with different concentration gradients, ethyl acetate extract had the most significant inhibitory effect; when the concentration was 5 mg/mL, the inhibitory effect of ethyl acetate extract had reached 100% ; when the concentration reduced to 2.5 mg/mL, the inhibitory effect was still （27.91 ±2. 076） %, significantly higher than that of other solvent extracts at the same concentration. The 50 times dilution of ethyl acetate extract from H. tuberosus leaves was selected for pot test against pepper blight. , and the results showed that its control effect against pepper blight reached 100.00%, superior than that of chemical agent 25% metalaxyl WP 400 times dilution.展开更多
Ten random primers with clear amplification profile, significant and stable main band were screened from RAPD （Random Amplified Polymorphie DNAs） primers to analyze the genetic diversity among eight Phytophthora cap...Ten random primers with clear amplification profile, significant and stable main band were screened from RAPD （Random Amplified Polymorphie DNAs） primers to analyze the genetic diversity among eight Phytophthora capsici isolates from Huaxi District, Wudang District and Kaiyang County of Guiyang City, and Zunyi County, Suiyang County and Luodian County of Zunyi City in Guizhou Province. A total of 70 DNA fingerprints were obtained, including 57 polymorphic bands, with a polymorphic percentage of 81.43%, suggesting abundant genetic diversity among experimental Phytophthora capsici isolates. According to the ampli- fied DNA fingerprint profiles, using genetic similarity coefficient 0.5 as the threshold, experimental Phytophthora capsici isolates were clustered into three genetic categories by UPGMA cluster analysis. The analysis result indicated that there was no direct correlation between the genetic similarity and cultivation areas of vari- ous Phytophthora caosici isolates.展开更多
A new C_(6)-C_(2)dimer phenol derivative,colletodiphenol A(1),along with two known C_(6)-C_(2)phenol derivatives(2,3)were isolated from the endophytic fungus Colletotrichum capsici related to the traditional Chinese m...A new C_(6)-C_(2)dimer phenol derivative,colletodiphenol A(1),along with two known C_(6)-C_(2)phenol derivatives(2,3)were isolated from the endophytic fungus Colletotrichum capsici related to the traditional Chinese medicine Paeonia lactiflora.Their structures were elucidated based on extensive spectroscopic data analysis,including HRESIMS,UV,IR,1D and 2D NMR.The antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities of the isolated compounds were evaluated,but none of them displayed significant activity.展开更多
基金This work was supported by the China Agriculture Research System （CARS-09）, the National Natural Science Foundation of China （31125022 and 31561143007）, and the Program of Introducing Talents of Innovative Discipline to Universities （Project 111） from the State Administration of Foreign Experts Affairs （#B18042）.
文摘Phytophthora pathogens secrete a large arsenal of effectors that manipulate host processes to create an environment conducive to pathogen colonization. However, the underlying mechanisms by which Phytophthora effectors manipulate host plant cells still remain largely unclear. In this study, we report that PcAvr3a12, a Phytophthera capsici RXLR effector and a member of the Avr3a effector family, suppresses plant immunity by targeting and inhibiting host plant peptidyl-prolyl cis-trans isomerase （PPlase）. Overexpression of PcAvr3a 12 in Arabidopsis thaliana enhanced plant susceptibility to P. capsici. FKBP15-2, an endoplasmic reticulum （ER）-Iocalized protein, was identified as a host target of PcAvr3a12 during early P. capsici infection. Analyses of A. thaliana T-DNA insertion mutant （fkbp15-2）, RNAi, and overexpression lines consistently showed that FKBP15-2 positively regulates plant immunity in response to Phytophthora infection. FKBP15-2 possesses PPlase activity essential for its contribution to immunity but is directly suppressed by PcAvr3a12. Interestingly, we found that FKBP15-2 is involved in ER stress sensing and is required for ER stress-mediated plant immunity. Taken together, these results suggest that P. capsici deploys an RXLR effector, PcAvr3a12, to facilitate infection by targeting and suppressing a novel ER-Iocalized PPlase, FKBP15-2, which is required for ER stress-mediated plant immunity.
文摘Black pepper is the one of most important export products in Vietnam. As the largest exporter, Vietnam’s pepper commodities account for 58% of total worldwide exporters. However, Vietnam’s pepper production is dealing with disease problems, especially foot rot/quick death infected by Phytophthora capsici. The disease results in serious and rapid spread and infection in Vietnam, with yearly reduction of about 2% of total pepper area. Disease management is recently challenging scientists and producers. Investigating characteristics of Phytophthora capsici and causes, therefore, play a significant role in treatment. This paper has indicated three main causes, which contribute to serious infection and outbreak of Phytophthora capsici;they are biological characteristics, climatic condition and cultivation. To control this disease, early detection and prevention are the best ways to manage disease. Finding new varieties, which are Phytophthora capsici tolerance or resistance, is significant in black pepper production worldwide.
基金funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.42177304)the National Key R&D Program of China(No.2022YFD1500202)supported by the Youth Innovation Promotion Association of Chinese Academy of Sciences(No.2016285)。
文摘Mycorrhiza helper bacteria(MHB)can promote the formation and functioning of arbuscular mycorrhizal(AM)symbiosis,but their role and application potential in coping with soil-borne diseases are still unclear.A 14-week greenhouse pot experiment was conducted to obtain several actinomycete strains helping AM symbiosis in suppressing the Phytophthora blight of pepper(Capsicum annuum L.),using a soil inoculated with Phytophthora capsici after sterilization.Five Streptomyces strains,including S.pseudogriseolus,S.albogriseolus,S.griseoaurantiacus,S.tricolor,and S.tendae,as well as the AM fungus(Funneliformis caledonium)were tested.The Phytophthora blight severity reached 66%at full productive stage in the uninoculated control,and inoculation of F.caledonium,S.griseoaurantiacus,and S.tricolor alone significantly decreased(P<0.05)it to 47%,40%,and 35%,respectively.Compared to F.caledonium alone,additional inoculation of S.tricolor or S.tendae,which were isolated from the rhizosphere of a healthy individual in an infected field,significantly elevated(P<0.05)root mycorrhizal colonization,root biomass,fruit yield,and total K acquisitions of pepper and further significantly decreased(P<0.05)blight severity.According to the feature of enhancing disease-suppression by AM symbiosis,both S.tricolor and S.tendae were confirmed as MHB strains here.Specifically,S.tendae had a stronger performance in directly accelerating mycorrhization,while S.tricolor was also an antagonist to the pathogenic P.capsici.Furthermore,S.griseoaurantiacus with the independent disease-suppression function was not an MHB strain here.The redundancy analyses demonstrated that when AM fungus was present,root mycorrhizal colonization replaced soil pH becoming the main factor affecting pepper Phytophthora blight.Thus,S.tricolor and S.tendae seemed to have the value of preparation and application in the future to help AM symbiosis against pepper Phytophthora blight.
基金This study was supported by China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(20040350377)National Natural Science Foundation of China(30400294).
文摘Laboratory studies were conducted to evaluate the risk of Phytophthora capsici developing resistance to two morphlines, dimethomorph and flumorph. Metalaxyl, the well-known high risk of resistance fungicides, was used as reference fungicide. Resistant mutants for the three fungicides were isolated by treating mycelium with ultraviolet radiation. Metalaxyl-resistant mutants were obtained with high frequency and exhibited high level of resistance with factors more than 100 folds, while mutation frequency for dimethomorph-resistance was relatively low and the resistance factors ranged from 3.0 to 13.9 folds. Most dimethomorph-resistant mutants decreased in hyphal growth rate and the spoulation ability, which have a large impact upon the epidemic development of dimethomorph-resistant populations. These results suggested that the risk of resistant pathogen population was much lower for dimethomorph than for metalaxyl. Both the frequency of developing resistance and level of resistance （resistance factors = 1.8-14.6） to dimethomorph were similar to those of its structure analogue flumorh. Moreover, the cross-resistance were found between them, which suggested the risks of developing resistance to dimethomorph and flumorph in the pathogen were very closely related. As P. capsici can potentially develop resistance to dimethomorph and flumorph, and oomycetes usually have the high risk to develop resistance to fungicides, appropriate management against resistance development should be taken.
文摘Cowpea [Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp] is an important legume in the midst of about 170 species of its genus because it is an important source of protein and other essential nutrients for humans and animals. Its production faces many constraints such as the cowpea brown blotch disease caused by Colletotrichum capsici which contributes in wet conditions of the field to losses ranging from 42% to 100%. This study was conducted to identify Colletotrichum capsici isolates responsible for cowpea brown blotch disease and to determine their diversity in the Sudano-Sahelian zone of Cameroon. Identification and isolation were made from cowpea organ samples on the Potato Dextrose Agar (PDA) medium and, morphological and biometric characteristics such as: the colony color, the mycelium shape, the abundance of acervules, the presence or absence of saltations, the mycelial growth rate, the conidia length and width were used to assess the diversity. The results obtained indicate that 55 Colletotrichum capsici isolates have been identified in the Sudano-Sahelian zone of Cameroon. Statistical analysis showed that there is a significant difference between isolates. Isolates showed multiple colony colours and were brown coloured as presented by 36.36% of isolates, compact mycelium is found in 56.36% of isolates, 56.36% of isolates have abundant acervulis, and saltations were absent in 45.45% of C. capsici isolates. The mycelial growth rate is between 6.69 mm/d and 12.33 mm/d. The principal component analysis (PCA) made indicated that there are differences between the observed and measured characteristics. The Hierarchical Ascending Classification (HAC) was done and 10 morphotypes of C. capsici in the Sudano-Sahelian zone were identified.
文摘[Objective] The paper was to explore the effect of different culture conditions on sporulation quantity of Phytophthora capsici in Capsicum annuum L.var.dactylus M.in Xunhua.[Method] The effects of light hours,pH,medium and temperature on sporulation quantity during isolation and culture process of P.capsici were studied.[Result] The sporulation quantity of P.capsici under the conditions of 24 h/day light,pH 7.0,potato medium（PSA） and 30 ℃ was the largest,and pH,basal medium and temperature had greater impact on sporulation quantity.[Conclusion]The study laid foundation for the study on natural incidence condition of C.annuum in Xunhua.
基金Project supported by Korea Science and Engineering Foundation(KOSEF) through the Agricultural Plants Stress Research Center(APSRC) at Chonnam National University, Korea
文摘The activities of enzymes responsible for lignification in pepper, pre-inoculation with arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungus of Glomus intraradices and/or infection with pathogenic strain of Phytophthora capsici, and the biological control effect of G. intraradices on Phytophthora blight in pepper were investigated. The experiment was carried out with four treatments: (1) plants pre-inoculated with G. intraradices (Gi), (2) plants pre-inoculated with G. intraradices and then infected with P. capsici (Gi+Pc), (3) plants infected with P. capsici (Pc), and (4) plants without any of the two microorganisms (C). Mycorrhizal coloni-zation rate was reduced by about 10% in pathogen challenged plants. Root mortality caused by infection of P. capsici was com-pletely eliminated by pre-inoculation with antagonistic G. intraradices. On the ninth day after pathogen infection, Peroxidase (POD) activity increased by 116.9% in Pc-treated roots but by only 21.2% in Gi+Pc-treated roots, compared with the control, respectively. Polyphenol oxidase (PPO) and Phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL) activities gradually increased during the first 3 d and dramatically decreased in Pc-treated roots but slightly decreased in Gi+Pc-treated roots, respectively. On the ninth day after pathogen infection, PPO and PAL decreased by 62.8% and 73.9% in Pc-treated roots but by only 19.8% and 19.5% in Gi+Pc-treated roots, compared with the control, respectively. Three major POD isozymes (45 000, 53 000 and 114 000) were present in Pc-treated roots, while two major bands (53 000 and 114 000) and one minor band (45 000) were present in spectra of Gi+Pc-treated roots, the 45 000 POD isozyme was significantly suppressed by G. intraradices, suggesting that the 45 000 POD isozyme was induced by the pathogen infection but not induced by the antagonistic G. intraradices. A 60 000 PPO isozyme was induced in Pc-treated roots but not induced in Gi+Pc-treated roots. All these results showed the inoculation of antagonistic G. intraradices alleviates root mortality, activ
基金Supported by Applied Basic Research Project of Qinghai Provincial Science and Technology Department(2014-ZJ-735)
文摘By growth rate method, the inhibitory effects of five solvent extracts from Helianthus tuberosus leaves against Phytophthora capsici were studied in the test. The results showed that different solvent extracts all had inhibitory effect against P. capsici, while 12.5 mg/mL of extracts from H. tuberosus leaves with petroleum ether and ethyl acetate as solvents had the highest inhibitory effect against P. capsici, reaching 100%. In case of various solvent extracts with different concentration gradients, ethyl acetate extract had the most significant inhibitory effect; when the concentration was 5 mg/mL, the inhibitory effect of ethyl acetate extract had reached 100% ; when the concentration reduced to 2.5 mg/mL, the inhibitory effect was still （27.91 ±2. 076） %, significantly higher than that of other solvent extracts at the same concentration. The 50 times dilution of ethyl acetate extract from H. tuberosus leaves was selected for pot test against pepper blight. , and the results showed that its control effect against pepper blight reached 100.00%, superior than that of chemical agent 25% metalaxyl WP 400 times dilution.
基金Supported by International Cooperation Project of Guizhou Science and Technology Department "Analysis of biological characteristics and genetic diversity of Phytophthora capsici isolates from Guizhou Province by RAPD"(QKHWGZ[2013]No.7032)
文摘Ten random primers with clear amplification profile, significant and stable main band were screened from RAPD （Random Amplified Polymorphie DNAs） primers to analyze the genetic diversity among eight Phytophthora capsici isolates from Huaxi District, Wudang District and Kaiyang County of Guiyang City, and Zunyi County, Suiyang County and Luodian County of Zunyi City in Guizhou Province. A total of 70 DNA fingerprints were obtained, including 57 polymorphic bands, with a polymorphic percentage of 81.43%, suggesting abundant genetic diversity among experimental Phytophthora capsici isolates. According to the ampli- fied DNA fingerprint profiles, using genetic similarity coefficient 0.5 as the threshold, experimental Phytophthora capsici isolates were clustered into three genetic categories by UPGMA cluster analysis. The analysis result indicated that there was no direct correlation between the genetic similarity and cultivation areas of vari- ous Phytophthora caosici isolates.
基金This work was financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(NNSFC,Grant No.81803397 and 81773589)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(Grant No.3332018088)+1 种基金the Science and Technology program of Qinghai(Grant No.2018-ZJ-739)the Innovation Platform for the Development and Construction of Special Project of Key Laboratory for Tibet Plateau Phytochemistry of Qinghai Province(Grant No.2020-ZJ-Y20).
文摘A new C_(6)-C_(2)dimer phenol derivative,colletodiphenol A(1),along with two known C_(6)-C_(2)phenol derivatives(2,3)were isolated from the endophytic fungus Colletotrichum capsici related to the traditional Chinese medicine Paeonia lactiflora.Their structures were elucidated based on extensive spectroscopic data analysis,including HRESIMS,UV,IR,1D and 2D NMR.The antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities of the isolated compounds were evaluated,but none of them displayed significant activity.
