As fossil fuel stocks are being depleted,alternative sources of energy must be explored.Consequently,traditional thermal power plants must coexist with renewable resources,such as wind,solar,and hydro units,and all-da...As fossil fuel stocks are being depleted,alternative sources of energy must be explored.Consequently,traditional thermal power plants must coexist with renewable resources,such as wind,solar,and hydro units,and all-day planning and operation techniques are necessary to safeguard nature while meeting the current demand.The fundamental components of contemporary power systems are the simultaneous decrease in generation costs and increase in the available transfer capacity(ATC)of current systems.Thermal units are linked to sources of renewable energy such as hydro,wind,and solar power,and are set up to run for 24 h.By contrast,new research reports that various chaotic maps are merged with various existing optimization methodologies to obtain better results than those without the inclusion of chaos.Chaos seems to increase the performance and convergence properties of existing optimization approaches.In this study,selfish animal tendencies,mathematically represented as selfish herd optimizers,were hybridized with chaotic phenomena and used to improve ATC and/or reduce generation costs,creating a multi-objective optimization problem.To evaluate the performance of the proposed hybridized optimization technique,an optimal power flow-based ATC was enforced under various hydro-thermal-solar-wind conditions,that is,the renewable energy source-thermal scheduling concept,on IEEE 9-bus,IEEE 39-bus,and Indian Northern Region Power Grid 246-bus test systems.The findings show that the proposed technique outperforms existing well-established optimization strategies.展开更多
Land capability and suitability maps are useful tools for soil resource conservation.This study aimed to build land capability and suitability maps using a multi-thematic approach by GIS in a salt-affected coastal are...Land capability and suitability maps are useful tools for soil resource conservation.This study aimed to build land capability and suitability maps using a multi-thematic approach by GIS in a salt-affected coastal area of Italy.Topographic,morphological,geological,pedological delineations and land cover maps,remote sensing image and climate data were acquired and the main physical and chemical properties,including electrical conductivity(EC)and available water capacity,were analysed on the soil samples collected in the study area.The acquired information were elaborated through QGIS software to obtain the land capability and suitability maps.The suitability map showed that most of the area(80%)is suitable for cultivation and,therefore,can be addressed for agricultural purposes without risk of degradation.In fact,the land capability map showed that 42%of the investigated area belongs to class I and II indicating that they can be used for a wide range of cultivations.While 44%of the investigated area clustered in class III and IV.In these latter the cultivation should be allowed to a limited range of crops due to the high sand content,which does not allow a good water retention,and due to a strong intrusion of sea water with consequent increase of the soil EC.In our study area,where agricultural productivity and environmental impact are in conflict,to classify the lands on base the land capability and suitability could help to define the best agricultural practices to apply in order to preserve soil functions.展开更多
文摘As fossil fuel stocks are being depleted,alternative sources of energy must be explored.Consequently,traditional thermal power plants must coexist with renewable resources,such as wind,solar,and hydro units,and all-day planning and operation techniques are necessary to safeguard nature while meeting the current demand.The fundamental components of contemporary power systems are the simultaneous decrease in generation costs and increase in the available transfer capacity(ATC)of current systems.Thermal units are linked to sources of renewable energy such as hydro,wind,and solar power,and are set up to run for 24 h.By contrast,new research reports that various chaotic maps are merged with various existing optimization methodologies to obtain better results than those without the inclusion of chaos.Chaos seems to increase the performance and convergence properties of existing optimization approaches.In this study,selfish animal tendencies,mathematically represented as selfish herd optimizers,were hybridized with chaotic phenomena and used to improve ATC and/or reduce generation costs,creating a multi-objective optimization problem.To evaluate the performance of the proposed hybridized optimization technique,an optimal power flow-based ATC was enforced under various hydro-thermal-solar-wind conditions,that is,the renewable energy source-thermal scheduling concept,on IEEE 9-bus,IEEE 39-bus,and Indian Northern Region Power Grid 246-bus test systems.The findings show that the proposed technique outperforms existing well-established optimization strategies.
基金The work has been financed by the LIFE 2014e2020 Programme,through the LIFE AGROWETLANDS II-SmartWater and Soil Salinity Management in AgroWetlands(LIFE15 ENV/IT/000423)Project。
文摘Land capability and suitability maps are useful tools for soil resource conservation.This study aimed to build land capability and suitability maps using a multi-thematic approach by GIS in a salt-affected coastal area of Italy.Topographic,morphological,geological,pedological delineations and land cover maps,remote sensing image and climate data were acquired and the main physical and chemical properties,including electrical conductivity(EC)and available water capacity,were analysed on the soil samples collected in the study area.The acquired information were elaborated through QGIS software to obtain the land capability and suitability maps.The suitability map showed that most of the area(80%)is suitable for cultivation and,therefore,can be addressed for agricultural purposes without risk of degradation.In fact,the land capability map showed that 42%of the investigated area belongs to class I and II indicating that they can be used for a wide range of cultivations.While 44%of the investigated area clustered in class III and IV.In these latter the cultivation should be allowed to a limited range of crops due to the high sand content,which does not allow a good water retention,and due to a strong intrusion of sea water with consequent increase of the soil EC.In our study area,where agricultural productivity and environmental impact are in conflict,to classify the lands on base the land capability and suitability could help to define the best agricultural practices to apply in order to preserve soil functions.
