四川盆地小麦高产育种取得了突破性进展,但高产生理研究相对滞后。本研究以2011—2015连续5年的田间试验,比较了高产和一般产量潜力品种花后群体冠层结构、主要生理指标和同化物的转运分配特性,旨在揭示四川小麦9000 kg hm-2高产品种的...四川盆地小麦高产育种取得了突破性进展,但高产生理研究相对滞后。本研究以2011—2015连续5年的田间试验,比较了高产和一般产量潜力品种花后群体冠层结构、主要生理指标和同化物的转运分配特性,旨在揭示四川小麦9000 kg hm-2高产品种的生理基础。选择代表性高产潜力品种和一般产量潜力品种各3个,高产潜力品种产量平均9422 kg hm^(-2),比一般产量潜力品种高14.3%,增产原因是生物量或收获指数的提高。相比一般产量潜力品种,高产潜力品种旗叶短且宽,长宽比低于10,开花初期至灌浆中期叶基角和开角增加明显。开花至灌浆后期,高产潜力品种顶三叶的SPAD值及花后0 d和20 d的群体光合速率显著高于一般产量潜力品种,群体光合速率以10:00–12:00的差异最大。此外,高产潜力品种在开花期茎鞘生物量所占比例较高,而成熟期籽粒所占比例较一般产量潜力品种高1~4个百分点。籽粒产量与小麦形态、生理参数关系密切,与灌浆期旗叶基角(r=0.947,P<0.01)和倒二叶基角(r=0.963,P<0.01)呈正相关,与旗叶长宽比(r=-0.913,P<0.01)和倒二叶长宽比(r=-0.911,P<0.01)呈负相关;与开花期顶三叶SPAD值呈正相关,r值分别为0.75、0.90和0.82(P<0.01);与成熟期穗轴干重比例呈负相关(r=-0.956,P<0.01)。本研究表明,株高适中、株型紧凑,花后冠层叶绿素含量和群体光合速率较高,以及合理的物质分配,是高产潜力品种获得高产的生理基础。展开更多
Light attenuation within a row of crops such as cotton is influenced by canopy architecture,which is defined by size,shape and orientation of shoot components.Level of light interception causes an array of morpho-anat...Light attenuation within a row of crops such as cotton is influenced by canopy architecture,which is defined by size,shape and orientation of shoot components.Level of light interception causes an array of morpho-anatomical,physiological and biochemical changes.Physiological determinants of growth include light interception,light use efficiency,dry matter accumulation,duration of growth and dry matter partitioning.Maximum light utilization in cotton production can be attained by adopting cultural practices that yields optimum plant populations as they affect canopy arrangement by modifying the plant canopy components.This paper highlights the extent to which spatial arrangement and density affect light interception in cotton crops.The cotton crop branches tend to grow into the inter-row space to avoid shade.The modification of canopy components suggests a shade avoidance and competition for light.Maximum leaf area index is obtained especially at flowering stage with higher populations which depicts better yields in cotton production.展开更多
文摘四川盆地小麦高产育种取得了突破性进展,但高产生理研究相对滞后。本研究以2011—2015连续5年的田间试验,比较了高产和一般产量潜力品种花后群体冠层结构、主要生理指标和同化物的转运分配特性,旨在揭示四川小麦9000 kg hm-2高产品种的生理基础。选择代表性高产潜力品种和一般产量潜力品种各3个,高产潜力品种产量平均9422 kg hm^(-2),比一般产量潜力品种高14.3%,增产原因是生物量或收获指数的提高。相比一般产量潜力品种,高产潜力品种旗叶短且宽,长宽比低于10,开花初期至灌浆中期叶基角和开角增加明显。开花至灌浆后期,高产潜力品种顶三叶的SPAD值及花后0 d和20 d的群体光合速率显著高于一般产量潜力品种,群体光合速率以10:00–12:00的差异最大。此外,高产潜力品种在开花期茎鞘生物量所占比例较高,而成熟期籽粒所占比例较一般产量潜力品种高1~4个百分点。籽粒产量与小麦形态、生理参数关系密切,与灌浆期旗叶基角(r=0.947,P<0.01)和倒二叶基角(r=0.963,P<0.01)呈正相关,与旗叶长宽比(r=-0.913,P<0.01)和倒二叶长宽比(r=-0.911,P<0.01)呈负相关;与开花期顶三叶SPAD值呈正相关,r值分别为0.75、0.90和0.82(P<0.01);与成熟期穗轴干重比例呈负相关(r=-0.956,P<0.01)。本研究表明,株高适中、株型紧凑,花后冠层叶绿素含量和群体光合速率较高,以及合理的物质分配,是高产潜力品种获得高产的生理基础。
基金Source of funding for compiling this review paper is the Department of Research and Specialist Services through the Cotton Research Institute,Zimbabwe.
文摘Light attenuation within a row of crops such as cotton is influenced by canopy architecture,which is defined by size,shape and orientation of shoot components.Level of light interception causes an array of morpho-anatomical,physiological and biochemical changes.Physiological determinants of growth include light interception,light use efficiency,dry matter accumulation,duration of growth and dry matter partitioning.Maximum light utilization in cotton production can be attained by adopting cultural practices that yields optimum plant populations as they affect canopy arrangement by modifying the plant canopy components.This paper highlights the extent to which spatial arrangement and density affect light interception in cotton crops.The cotton crop branches tend to grow into the inter-row space to avoid shade.The modification of canopy components suggests a shade avoidance and competition for light.Maximum leaf area index is obtained especially at flowering stage with higher populations which depicts better yields in cotton production.
