Pancreatic cancer is one of the most aggressive and difficult cancers to treat.Despite numerous research efforts,limited success has been achieved in the therapeutic management of patients with this disease.In the cur...Pancreatic cancer is one of the most aggressive and difficult cancers to treat.Despite numerous research efforts,limited success has been achieved in the therapeutic management of patients with this disease.In the current review,we focus on one component of morphogenesis signaling,Hedgehog(Hh),with the aim of developing novel,effective therapies for the treatment of pancreatic cancer.Hh signaling contributes to the induction of a malignant phenotype in pancreatic cancer and is responsible for maintaining pancreatic cancer stem cells.In addition,we propose a novel concept linking Hh signaling and tumor hypoxic conditions,and discuss the effects of Hh inhibitors in clinical trials.The Hh signaling pathway may represent a potential therapeutic target for patients with refractory pancreatic cancer.展开更多
AIM: To evaluate ATP-binding cassette(ABC) transporters in colonic pathophysiology as they had recently been related to colorectal cancer(CRC) development. METHODS: Literature search was conducted on Pub Med using com...AIM: To evaluate ATP-binding cassette(ABC) transporters in colonic pathophysiology as they had recently been related to colorectal cancer(CRC) development. METHODS: Literature search was conducted on Pub Med using combinations of the following terms: ABC transporters, ATP binding cassette transporter proteins, inflammatory bowel disease, ulcerative, colitis, Crohns disease, colorectal cancer, colitis, intestinal inflammation, intestinal carcinogenesis, ABCB1/P-glycoprotein(P-gp/CD243/MDR1), ABCC2/multidrug resistance protein 2(MRP2) and ABCG2/breast cancer resistance protein(BCRP), Abcb1/Mdr1 a, abcc2/Mrp2, abcg2/Bcrp, knock-out mice, tight junction, membrane lipid function. RESULTS: Recently, human studies reported thatchanges in the levels of ABC transporters were early events in the adenoma-carcinoma sequence leading to CRC. A link between ABCB1, high fat diet and gut microbes in relation to colitis was suggested by the animal studies. The finding that colitis was preceded by altered gut bacterial composition suggests that deletion of Abcb1 leads to fundamental changes of hostmicrobiota interaction. Also, high fat diet increases the frequency and severity of colitis in specific pathogenfree Abcb1 KO mice. The Abcb1 KO mice might thus serve as a model in which diet/environmental factors and microbes may be controlled and investigated in relation to intestinal inflammation. Potential molecular mechanisms include defective transport of inflammatory mediators and/or phospholipid translocation from one side to the other of the cell membrane lipid bilayer by ABC transporters affecting inflammatory response and/or function of tight junctions, phagocytosis and vesicle trafficking. Also, diet and microbes give rise to molecules which are potential substrates for the ABC transporters and which may additionally affect ABC transporter function through nuclear receptors and transcriptional regulation. Another critical role of ABCB1 was suggested by the finding that ABCB1 expression identifies a subpopulation of pro-inflamm展开更多
AIM:To evaluate the safety and clinical application of high-intensity focused ultrasound(HIFU)therapy for unresectable pancreatic cancer(PC).METHODS:Thirty PC patients(16 cases in stage III and 14 cases in stage IV)wi...AIM:To evaluate the safety and clinical application of high-intensity focused ultrasound(HIFU)therapy for unresectable pancreatic cancer(PC).METHODS:Thirty PC patients(16 cases in stage III and 14 cases in stage IV)with visualized pancreatic tumors were admitted for HIFU therapy as an optional local therapy in addition to systemic chemotherapy or chemoradiotherapy.Informed consent was obtained.This study began at the end of 2008 and was approved by the ethics committee of our hospital[Institutional Review Board(IRB):890].The HIFU device used was the FEP-BY02(Yuande Bio-Medical Engineering,Beijing,China).RESULTS:The mean tumor size after HIFU therapy changed to 30.9±1.7 mm from 31.7±1.7 mm at pre-therapy.There were no significant changes in tumor size,mean number of treatment sessions(2.7±0.1 mm),or mean total treatment time(2.4±0.1 h).The rate of symptom relief effect was 66.7%.The effectiveness of primary lesion treatment was as follows:complete response,0;partial response,4;stable disease,22;progressive disease,4.Treatment after HIFU therapy included 2 operations,24 chemotherapy treatments,and 4 best supportive care treatments.Adverse events occurred in 10%of cases,namely pseudocyst formation in 2 cases and mild pancreatitis development in 1.However,no severe adverse events occurred in this study.CONCLUSION:We suggest that HIFU therapy is safe and has the potential to be a new method of combination therapy for PC.展开更多
Recently,several studies have reported local full-thickness resection techniques using flexible endoscopy for gastric tumors,such as gastrointestinal stromal tumors,gastric carcinoid tumors,and early gastric cancer(EG...Recently,several studies have reported local full-thickness resection techniques using flexible endoscopy for gastric tumors,such as gastrointestinal stromal tumors,gastric carcinoid tumors,and early gastric cancer(EGC). These techniques have the advantage of allowing precise resection lines to be determined using intraluminal endoscopy. Thus,it is possible to minimize the resection area and subsequent deformity. Some of these methods include:(1) classical laparoscopic and endoscopic cooperative surgery(LECS);(2) inverted LECS;(3) combination of laparoscopic and endoscopic approaches to neoplasia with non-exposure technique; and(4) non-exposed endoscopic wall-inversion surgery. Furthermore,a recent prospective multicenter trial of the sentinel node navigation surgery(SNNS) for EGC has shown acceptable results in terms of sentinel node detection rate and the accuracy of nodal metastasis. Endoscopic full-thickness resection with SNNS is expected to become a treatment option that bridges the gap between endoscopic submucosal dissection and standard surgery for EGC. In the future,the indications for these procedures for gastric tumors could be expanded.展开更多
目的Piwi相互作用RNA(piRNA)作为新型生物标志物已被广泛用于各种癌症诊断中。本研究旨在系统评估piRNA对癌症的诊断准确性并分析可能导致研究异质性的原因,以便为临床实践提供参考。方法计算机检索PubMed、Web of Science、Embase、Coc...目的Piwi相互作用RNA(piRNA)作为新型生物标志物已被广泛用于各种癌症诊断中。本研究旨在系统评估piRNA对癌症的诊断准确性并分析可能导致研究异质性的原因,以便为临床实践提供参考。方法计算机检索PubMed、Web of Science、Embase、Cochrane library、CNKI、WanFang Data、VIP和CBM数据库,搜集piRNA诊断癌症的相关研究,检索时限均从建库至2023年4月。应用诊断性试验质量评价工具QUADAS-2评估纳入研究的方法学质量,使用Stata 17.0软件进行统计分析。结果共纳入17篇文献(涉及46项研究),包含4956名癌症患者和3759名对照人群。各研究报告的敏感性的范围为21%~100%,特异性的范围为50%~100%。Meta分析结果显示:piRNA诊断癌症的合并敏感度为0.74[95%CI(0.68,0.79)],特异度为0.79[95%CI(0.75,0.82)],PLR为3.49[95%CI(3.01,4.05)],NLR为0.33[95%CI(0.27,0.40)],DOR为11[95%CI(8,14)],AUC为0.83[95%CI(0.80,0.86)],表明piRNA对癌症诊断具有较高的准确性。结论piRNA可作为诊断癌症的可靠的生物标志物,具有良好的灵敏度和特异性。然而,缺乏标准化和结果可重复性仍然是piRNA诊断在临床应用的最大问题。展开更多
Endoscopic submucosal dissection(ESD) is now widely accepted as a strategy to treat superficial esophageal neoplasms.The rate of adverse events,such as perforation,has been decreasing with the improvement of devices a...Endoscopic submucosal dissection(ESD) is now widely accepted as a strategy to treat superficial esophageal neoplasms.The rate of adverse events,such as perforation,has been decreasing with the improvement of devices and techniques.In this paper,we report a case of esophageal cancer that had a diverticulum under cancerous epithelium.The diverticulum was not detected during preoperative examination,and led to perforation during the ESD procedure.Our case shows that,although rare,some diverticula can exist underneath the mucosal surface without obvious depression.If there is any sign of hidden diverticula during ESD,surgeons should proceed with caution or,depending on the case,the procedure should be discontinued to avoid adverse events.展开更多
P values based on standard hypothesis testing are commonly reported in articles published by the Journal of Forestry Research(JFR).However,effect sizes are barely used and reported,even if they are of direct relevance...P values based on standard hypothesis testing are commonly reported in articles published by the Journal of Forestry Research(JFR).However,effect sizes are barely used and reported,even if they are of direct relevance to the primary questions of many of the published studies.The incorporation of effect sizes in studies published by JFR should be encouraged and promoted.Inclusion of effect sizes as a requirement in the journal guidelines will facilitate a major change in the way data are tested and interpreted,with the ultimate goal to exempt researchers from the custom of drawing conclusions merely based upon a dichotomous statistical result(P value).Such a policy can also lead to more informed decisions of whether identified effects are of practical relevance to the forestry.展开更多
We report two cases of solitary mediastinal lymph node recurrence after colon cancer resection. Both cases had para-aortic lymph node metastasis at the time of initial surgery and received adjuvant chemotherapy for 4 ...We report two cases of solitary mediastinal lymph node recurrence after colon cancer resection. Both cases had para-aortic lymph node metastasis at the time of initial surgery and received adjuvant chemotherapy for 4 years in case 1 and 18 mo in case 2. The time to recurrence was more than 8 years in both cases. After resection of the recurrent tumor, the patient is doing well with no recurrence for 6 years in case 1 and 4 mo in case 2. Patients should be followed up after colon cancer surgery considering the possibility of solitary mediastinal lymph node recurrence if they had para-aortic node metastasis at the time of initial surgery.展开更多
Synchronous gastric cancer and primary small intestinal lymphoma are extremely rare. A 49-year-old woman was referred to our hospital with a history of upper abdominal pain for two weeks and was diagnosed with synchro...Synchronous gastric cancer and primary small intestinal lymphoma are extremely rare. A 49-year-old woman was referred to our hospital with a history of upper abdominal pain for two weeks and was diagnosed with synchronous cancer. During hospitalization, the patient underwent laparoscopic distal gastrectomy + resection of bilateral ovaries + partial resection of both small intestine and descending colon. Pathological examination revealed a synchronous cancer consisting of early gastric cancer with poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma located in mucosa, with lymph node metastasis (3+/29) (T1N1M0, stage IB); and diffuse large B cell lymphoma of small intestine involving descending colon and bilateral ovaries, with lymph node metastasis (2+/5) (Ann Arbor IIE). The patient recovered well, without any obvious complications and was discharged on post-operative day 7. The patient received six cycles of chemotherapy after operation. She has been doing well with no evidence of recurrence for 13 mo.展开更多
Objective:To construct a nomogram model for predicting the prognosis of colorectal cancer patients based on preoperative fibrinogen(Fbg),platelet to albumin ratio(PAR)and carbohydrate antigen 199(CA199).Methods:In thi...Objective:To construct a nomogram model for predicting the prognosis of colorectal cancer patients based on preoperative fibrinogen(Fbg),platelet to albumin ratio(PAR)and carbohydrate antigen 199(CA199).Methods:In this retrospective study,we included 323 patients who underwent colorectal cancer(CRC)surgery in our hospital.The preoperative test indexes and relevant clinicopathological data of the patients were collected.According to the cut-off value of Fbg and PAR calculated from the receiver operating characteristic(ROC)curve,they were divided into the high and low expression groups.Univariate and multivariate Cox proportional hazards models were used to screen independent prognostic factors which were used to construct a nomogram.Results:According to ROC curve,the cut-off values of Fbg and PAR were 2.80 and 6.05.Multivariate Cox regression analysis showed that Fbg,PAR,CA199,TNM stage and grade were independent risk factors affecting the prognosis of patients(P<0.05).Fbg,PAR,and CA199 jointly built the risk score that was included into the nomogram.The area under the curve(AUC)in the ROC of the training and verification set was greater than 0.6.The calibration curve and ideal curve fit well.Conclusion:The nomogram based on Fbg,PAR and CA199 has well accuracy and can provide individualized prediction for the overall survival of CRC patients.展开更多
Objective:To explore the mechanism of anticancer prescription in treatment of gastric cancer based on network pharmacology and molecular docking.Methods:By searching TCMSP database,the active components and correspond...Objective:To explore the mechanism of anticancer prescription in treatment of gastric cancer based on network pharmacology and molecular docking.Methods:By searching TCMSP database,the active components and corresponding targets of anticancer prescriptions were screened out.GeneCards,PharmGkb,OMIM,DrugBank and TTD database were used to collect action targets of gastric cancer.And Venny 2.1 software was used to screen drug-disease co-action targets.Then,String and Cytoscape software were used to analyze and construct PPI network,and Cytonca plug-in was used to cany out topology analysis to select the core targets.ClueGO plugin was used for GO function enrichment analysis and KEGG pathway analysis.Finally,the AutoDock software was used to conduct molecular docking between the core target and the main active ingredients of the anticancer prescription.Results:Sixty-four active compounds,159 common targets and 12 core targets of anti-cancer prescriptions were screened out,which involved 2373 GO functions and 172 KEGG pathways.Finally,the core target proteins MAPKI TP53 and JUN were screened and molecularly docked with 8 major active components.Among them,theflavonoid quercetin and luteolin had the best binding activity with MAPK1,Quercetin baicalin also had high binding activity with FOS.Conclusion:The preliminary study showed that flavonoids were an important active ingredient in the anti-cancer prescription,which mainly treated gastric cancer through multiple targets and multiple pathways,such as the effect of MAPK1 on chemical carcinogenesis in reaction with drugs,bacterial and viral infection and cell apoptosis.展开更多
基金Supported by The Japan Society for the Promotion of Science,Kakenhi Grant,No.24390303
文摘Pancreatic cancer is one of the most aggressive and difficult cancers to treat.Despite numerous research efforts,limited success has been achieved in the therapeutic management of patients with this disease.In the current review,we focus on one component of morphogenesis signaling,Hedgehog(Hh),with the aim of developing novel,effective therapies for the treatment of pancreatic cancer.Hh signaling contributes to the induction of a malignant phenotype in pancreatic cancer and is responsible for maintaining pancreatic cancer stem cells.In addition,we propose a novel concept linking Hh signaling and tumor hypoxic conditions,and discuss the effects of Hh inhibitors in clinical trials.The Hh signaling pathway may represent a potential therapeutic target for patients with refractory pancreatic cancer.
文摘AIM: To evaluate ATP-binding cassette(ABC) transporters in colonic pathophysiology as they had recently been related to colorectal cancer(CRC) development. METHODS: Literature search was conducted on Pub Med using combinations of the following terms: ABC transporters, ATP binding cassette transporter proteins, inflammatory bowel disease, ulcerative, colitis, Crohns disease, colorectal cancer, colitis, intestinal inflammation, intestinal carcinogenesis, ABCB1/P-glycoprotein(P-gp/CD243/MDR1), ABCC2/multidrug resistance protein 2(MRP2) and ABCG2/breast cancer resistance protein(BCRP), Abcb1/Mdr1 a, abcc2/Mrp2, abcg2/Bcrp, knock-out mice, tight junction, membrane lipid function. RESULTS: Recently, human studies reported thatchanges in the levels of ABC transporters were early events in the adenoma-carcinoma sequence leading to CRC. A link between ABCB1, high fat diet and gut microbes in relation to colitis was suggested by the animal studies. The finding that colitis was preceded by altered gut bacterial composition suggests that deletion of Abcb1 leads to fundamental changes of hostmicrobiota interaction. Also, high fat diet increases the frequency and severity of colitis in specific pathogenfree Abcb1 KO mice. The Abcb1 KO mice might thus serve as a model in which diet/environmental factors and microbes may be controlled and investigated in relation to intestinal inflammation. Potential molecular mechanisms include defective transport of inflammatory mediators and/or phospholipid translocation from one side to the other of the cell membrane lipid bilayer by ABC transporters affecting inflammatory response and/or function of tight junctions, phagocytosis and vesicle trafficking. Also, diet and microbes give rise to molecules which are potential substrates for the ABC transporters and which may additionally affect ABC transporter function through nuclear receptors and transcriptional regulation. Another critical role of ABCB1 was suggested by the finding that ABCB1 expression identifies a subpopulation of pro-inflamm
基金Supported by The cancer research project group of Tokyo Medical University
文摘AIM:To evaluate the safety and clinical application of high-intensity focused ultrasound(HIFU)therapy for unresectable pancreatic cancer(PC).METHODS:Thirty PC patients(16 cases in stage III and 14 cases in stage IV)with visualized pancreatic tumors were admitted for HIFU therapy as an optional local therapy in addition to systemic chemotherapy or chemoradiotherapy.Informed consent was obtained.This study began at the end of 2008 and was approved by the ethics committee of our hospital[Institutional Review Board(IRB):890].The HIFU device used was the FEP-BY02(Yuande Bio-Medical Engineering,Beijing,China).RESULTS:The mean tumor size after HIFU therapy changed to 30.9±1.7 mm from 31.7±1.7 mm at pre-therapy.There were no significant changes in tumor size,mean number of treatment sessions(2.7±0.1 mm),or mean total treatment time(2.4±0.1 h).The rate of symptom relief effect was 66.7%.The effectiveness of primary lesion treatment was as follows:complete response,0;partial response,4;stable disease,22;progressive disease,4.Treatment after HIFU therapy included 2 operations,24 chemotherapy treatments,and 4 best supportive care treatments.Adverse events occurred in 10%of cases,namely pseudocyst formation in 2 cases and mild pancreatitis development in 1.However,no severe adverse events occurred in this study.CONCLUSION:We suggest that HIFU therapy is safe and has the potential to be a new method of combination therapy for PC.
文摘Recently,several studies have reported local full-thickness resection techniques using flexible endoscopy for gastric tumors,such as gastrointestinal stromal tumors,gastric carcinoid tumors,and early gastric cancer(EGC). These techniques have the advantage of allowing precise resection lines to be determined using intraluminal endoscopy. Thus,it is possible to minimize the resection area and subsequent deformity. Some of these methods include:(1) classical laparoscopic and endoscopic cooperative surgery(LECS);(2) inverted LECS;(3) combination of laparoscopic and endoscopic approaches to neoplasia with non-exposure technique; and(4) non-exposed endoscopic wall-inversion surgery. Furthermore,a recent prospective multicenter trial of the sentinel node navigation surgery(SNNS) for EGC has shown acceptable results in terms of sentinel node detection rate and the accuracy of nodal metastasis. Endoscopic full-thickness resection with SNNS is expected to become a treatment option that bridges the gap between endoscopic submucosal dissection and standard surgery for EGC. In the future,the indications for these procedures for gastric tumors could be expanded.
文摘Endoscopic submucosal dissection(ESD) is now widely accepted as a strategy to treat superficial esophageal neoplasms.The rate of adverse events,such as perforation,has been decreasing with the improvement of devices and techniques.In this paper,we report a case of esophageal cancer that had a diverticulum under cancerous epithelium.The diverticulum was not detected during preoperative examination,and led to perforation during the ESD procedure.Our case shows that,although rare,some diverticula can exist underneath the mucosal surface without obvious depression.If there is any sign of hidden diverticula during ESD,surgeons should proceed with caution or,depending on the case,the procedure should be discontinued to avoid adverse events.
基金co-supported by the Outstanding Action Plan of Chinese Sci-tech Journals(Grant No.OAP–C–077)the Startup Foundation for Introducing Talent of Nanjing University of Information Science&Technology(NUIST),Nanjing,China(Grant No.003080)the Jiangsu Distinguished Professor Program of the People’s Government of Jiangsu Province。
文摘P values based on standard hypothesis testing are commonly reported in articles published by the Journal of Forestry Research(JFR).However,effect sizes are barely used and reported,even if they are of direct relevance to the primary questions of many of the published studies.The incorporation of effect sizes in studies published by JFR should be encouraged and promoted.Inclusion of effect sizes as a requirement in the journal guidelines will facilitate a major change in the way data are tested and interpreted,with the ultimate goal to exempt researchers from the custom of drawing conclusions merely based upon a dichotomous statistical result(P value).Such a policy can also lead to more informed decisions of whether identified effects are of practical relevance to the forestry.
基金Supported by Department of Surgery,Osaka Medical Center for Cancer and Cardiovascular Disease,Osaka 537-8511,Japan
文摘We report two cases of solitary mediastinal lymph node recurrence after colon cancer resection. Both cases had para-aortic lymph node metastasis at the time of initial surgery and received adjuvant chemotherapy for 4 years in case 1 and 18 mo in case 2. The time to recurrence was more than 8 years in both cases. After resection of the recurrent tumor, the patient is doing well with no recurrence for 6 years in case 1 and 4 mo in case 2. Patients should be followed up after colon cancer surgery considering the possibility of solitary mediastinal lymph node recurrence if they had para-aortic node metastasis at the time of initial surgery.
基金Supported by Major Science and Technology Projects of Zhejiang Province,China,No.2012C13014-4Traditional Chinese Medicine Science and Technology Program of Zhejiang Province,China,No.2012ZA087
文摘Synchronous gastric cancer and primary small intestinal lymphoma are extremely rare. A 49-year-old woman was referred to our hospital with a history of upper abdominal pain for two weeks and was diagnosed with synchronous cancer. During hospitalization, the patient underwent laparoscopic distal gastrectomy + resection of bilateral ovaries + partial resection of both small intestine and descending colon. Pathological examination revealed a synchronous cancer consisting of early gastric cancer with poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma located in mucosa, with lymph node metastasis (3+/29) (T1N1M0, stage IB); and diffuse large B cell lymphoma of small intestine involving descending colon and bilateral ovaries, with lymph node metastasis (2+/5) (Ann Arbor IIE). The patient recovered well, without any obvious complications and was discharged on post-operative day 7. The patient received six cycles of chemotherapy after operation. She has been doing well with no evidence of recurrence for 13 mo.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.81872275)High Level Health Talents of Jiangsu Provincial Health Commission(No.LGY2018017)Applied Basic Research Project of Changzhou Science and Technology Bureau(No.CJ20220006)。
文摘Objective:To construct a nomogram model for predicting the prognosis of colorectal cancer patients based on preoperative fibrinogen(Fbg),platelet to albumin ratio(PAR)and carbohydrate antigen 199(CA199).Methods:In this retrospective study,we included 323 patients who underwent colorectal cancer(CRC)surgery in our hospital.The preoperative test indexes and relevant clinicopathological data of the patients were collected.According to the cut-off value of Fbg and PAR calculated from the receiver operating characteristic(ROC)curve,they were divided into the high and low expression groups.Univariate and multivariate Cox proportional hazards models were used to screen independent prognostic factors which were used to construct a nomogram.Results:According to ROC curve,the cut-off values of Fbg and PAR were 2.80 and 6.05.Multivariate Cox regression analysis showed that Fbg,PAR,CA199,TNM stage and grade were independent risk factors affecting the prognosis of patients(P<0.05).Fbg,PAR,and CA199 jointly built the risk score that was included into the nomogram.The area under the curve(AUC)in the ROC of the training and verification set was greater than 0.6.The calibration curve and ideal curve fit well.Conclusion:The nomogram based on Fbg,PAR and CA199 has well accuracy and can provide individualized prediction for the overall survival of CRC patients.
文摘Objective:To explore the mechanism of anticancer prescription in treatment of gastric cancer based on network pharmacology and molecular docking.Methods:By searching TCMSP database,the active components and corresponding targets of anticancer prescriptions were screened out.GeneCards,PharmGkb,OMIM,DrugBank and TTD database were used to collect action targets of gastric cancer.And Venny 2.1 software was used to screen drug-disease co-action targets.Then,String and Cytoscape software were used to analyze and construct PPI network,and Cytonca plug-in was used to cany out topology analysis to select the core targets.ClueGO plugin was used for GO function enrichment analysis and KEGG pathway analysis.Finally,the AutoDock software was used to conduct molecular docking between the core target and the main active ingredients of the anticancer prescription.Results:Sixty-four active compounds,159 common targets and 12 core targets of anti-cancer prescriptions were screened out,which involved 2373 GO functions and 172 KEGG pathways.Finally,the core target proteins MAPKI TP53 and JUN were screened and molecularly docked with 8 major active components.Among them,theflavonoid quercetin and luteolin had the best binding activity with MAPK1,Quercetin baicalin also had high binding activity with FOS.Conclusion:The preliminary study showed that flavonoids were an important active ingredient in the anti-cancer prescription,which mainly treated gastric cancer through multiple targets and multiple pathways,such as the effect of MAPK1 on chemical carcinogenesis in reaction with drugs,bacterial and viral infection and cell apoptosis.
