为拓展福建山樱花[Cerasus campanulata（Maxim.）Yu et Li]单纯园林观赏用途,筛选出花果两用的品种具有一定的经济和社会效益。本文通过调查筛选,感官评价宜食性较好的＂Yanping1号＂和＂Zhangping2号＂两个品种,其感官评价得分分别为1...为拓展福建山樱花[Cerasus campanulata（Maxim.）Yu et Li]单纯园林观赏用途,筛选出花果两用的品种具有一定的经济和社会效益。本文通过调查筛选,感官评价宜食性较好的＂Yanping1号＂和＂Zhangping2号＂两个品种,其感官评价得分分别为10分和9分,其果实特性测定其结果表明前者在糖度、酸度及果长指标与市场樱桃供应的品种没有明显差异,果宽和单果质量略小一些;后者各指标有显著差异,但仍具有较好的可食性。种子通过常温、低温、和变温育苗实验表明,种子变温贮藏后次年1月催芽萌发育苗的发芽率高,移栽后生长势优势显著。展开更多
Detritus-based,bell-shaped cobwebs are an ideal model to research the plasticity of web architecture due to clearly separate defense and foraging components.We performed a thoroughfield investigation on the web archite...Detritus-based,bell-shaped cobwebs are an ideal model to research the plasticity of web architecture due to clearly separate defense and foraging components.We performed a thoroughfield investigation on the web architectures of Campanicola campanulata to research its cobweb architecture variation during the growth process and analyzed the energy trade-offs between foraging and defense at different developmental stages.The results indicated that as female C.campanulata grew,they dedicated more energy to defense and less energy to foraging,while males dedicated less energy to both defense and foraging through the growth period.We hypothesize that cobweb spiders dedicate an increasing amount of energy to safety based on evidence obtained from their life-history.Meanwhile,we present a new model to investigate web architecture variation and provide a new framework to quantify the energy allocation between foraging and predator defense for web-building spiders.展开更多
Behavioral plasticity has been proposed as a means by which animals alter their phenotypes in response to changing conditions.Animals may display behavioral plasticity as a consequence of environmental variation.The d...Behavioral plasticity has been proposed as a means by which animals alter their phenotypes in response to changing conditions.Animals may display behavioral plasticity as a consequence of environmental variation.The detritus-based,bell-shaped cobweb spider Campanicola campanulata is an ideal model to study behavioral plasticity,because its web architecture is easy to be quantified,and the functions of different parts of the web are clear.Though the plasticity of cobweb architecture has been reported in a few species,retreats as impor-tant defensive structures have rarely been considered before because retreats in most cobwebs are relatively small compared with the web size.We studied the web-building behaviors of C.campanulata under different feeding regimes.We set up 3 spider treatments with different feeding conditions:marginally well fed,moderately well fed,and extremely well fed,and observed the differences in the web architecture among them.In addition,we measured the mechanical properties of anchor silk,and also calculated the foraging and defense investment of the spiders.The results showed that marginally well-fed spiders build cobwebs with significantly longer length of anchor silk,lower retreat to the ground,more number and longer gumfooted lines,and larger capture area,while extremely well-fed spiders build cobwebs with significantly bigger retreat volume and higher height of retreat to the ground.In addition,marginally well-fed spiders invest significantly less during cobweb construction.However,there was no significant difference between the breaking force and elongation at break in anchor silk among different treatments.These results demonstrated that marginally well-fed spiders invest more in foraging,and extremely well-fed spiders invest more in defense,and the spider made a balance between foraging and predator avoidance in response to changes in physiological state.Our study strengthens the current understanding of web construction in cobweb spiders,especially those facing high costs during retr展开更多
Cerasus Campanulata is one of several species belonging to the Prunoideae focke,a subfamily of the flowering plant Rosaceae.We investigated the details of its chloroplast genome which may reveal its genus independent ...Cerasus Campanulata is one of several species belonging to the Prunoideae focke,a subfamily of the flowering plant Rosaceae.We investigated the details of its chloroplast genome which may reveal its genus independent of morphological determination.Here,we determined the complete chloroplast(cp)genome sequence of C.campanulata and performed sequence analysis to reveal the presence of 18 forward repeats,20 palindrome repeats,2 complement repeats,4 reverse repeats and 93 simple sequence repeats(SSRs).We additionally performed a comparative study of C.campanulata and seven other Prunoideae focke species.Then,maximum parsimony(MP)and maximum likelihood(ML)phylogenetic analyses were carried out in the little part of Rosaceae,respectively.The results strongly support a position of C.campanulata as a member of the Cerasus in the Rosaceae family.Moreover,the complete cp genome can be used for plant phylogenetic and evolutionary studies that will provide insight into the degree of gene conservation.展开更多
文摘为拓展福建山樱花[Cerasus campanulata（Maxim.）Yu et Li]单纯园林观赏用途,筛选出花果两用的品种具有一定的经济和社会效益。本文通过调查筛选,感官评价宜食性较好的＂Yanping1号＂和＂Zhangping2号＂两个品种,其感官评价得分分别为10分和9分,其果实特性测定其结果表明前者在糖度、酸度及果长指标与市场樱桃供应的品种没有明显差异,果宽和单果质量略小一些;后者各指标有显著差异,但仍具有较好的可食性。种子通过常温、低温、和变温育苗实验表明,种子变温贮藏后次年1月催芽萌发育苗的发芽率高,移栽后生长势优势显著。
基金supported by grants from the National Natural Sciences Foundation of China(NSFC-31970406/31772420/31573236/32270495)the National Science&Technology Fundamental Resources Investigation Program of China(Grant No.2019FY101800)CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Forest Ecology,Xishuangbanna Tropical of Botanical Garden,Chinese Academy of Sciences(19CAS-TFE-3).
文摘Detritus-based,bell-shaped cobwebs are an ideal model to research the plasticity of web architecture due to clearly separate defense and foraging components.We performed a thoroughfield investigation on the web architectures of Campanicola campanulata to research its cobweb architecture variation during the growth process and analyzed the energy trade-offs between foraging and defense at different developmental stages.The results indicated that as female C.campanulata grew,they dedicated more energy to defense and less energy to foraging,while males dedicated less energy to both defense and foraging through the growth period.We hypothesize that cobweb spiders dedicate an increasing amount of energy to safety based on evidence obtained from their life-history.Meanwhile,we present a new model to investigate web architecture variation and provide a new framework to quantify the energy allocation between foraging and predator defense for web-building spiders.
基金supported by grants from the National Natural Sciences Foundation of China(NSFC-31970406/31801979/31772420/31573236/32270495)a grant from National Science&Technology Fundamental.Resources Investigation Program of China(Grant No.2019FY101800)+1 种基金CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Forest Ecology,Xishuangbanna Tropical of Botanical Garden,Chinese Academy of Sciences(19CAS-TFE-3)a grant from the State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents,Institute of Zoology,Chinese Academy of Sciences(Grant No.IPM2208).
文摘Behavioral plasticity has been proposed as a means by which animals alter their phenotypes in response to changing conditions.Animals may display behavioral plasticity as a consequence of environmental variation.The detritus-based,bell-shaped cobweb spider Campanicola campanulata is an ideal model to study behavioral plasticity,because its web architecture is easy to be quantified,and the functions of different parts of the web are clear.Though the plasticity of cobweb architecture has been reported in a few species,retreats as impor-tant defensive structures have rarely been considered before because retreats in most cobwebs are relatively small compared with the web size.We studied the web-building behaviors of C.campanulata under different feeding regimes.We set up 3 spider treatments with different feeding conditions:marginally well fed,moderately well fed,and extremely well fed,and observed the differences in the web architecture among them.In addition,we measured the mechanical properties of anchor silk,and also calculated the foraging and defense investment of the spiders.The results showed that marginally well-fed spiders build cobwebs with significantly longer length of anchor silk,lower retreat to the ground,more number and longer gumfooted lines,and larger capture area,while extremely well-fed spiders build cobwebs with significantly bigger retreat volume and higher height of retreat to the ground.In addition,marginally well-fed spiders invest significantly less during cobweb construction.However,there was no significant difference between the breaking force and elongation at break in anchor silk among different treatments.These results demonstrated that marginally well-fed spiders invest more in foraging,and extremely well-fed spiders invest more in defense,and the spider made a balance between foraging and predator avoidance in response to changes in physiological state.Our study strengthens the current understanding of web construction in cobweb spiders,especially those facing high costs during retr
基金This work was supported by key research and development plan of Foundation of Jiangsu Forestry Bureau(LYKJ[2017]42),Jiangsu Province(BE2017376)the Nature Science Foundation of China(31770715)the Qinglan project of Jiangsu Province,and Priority Academic Program Development of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions.
文摘Cerasus Campanulata is one of several species belonging to the Prunoideae focke,a subfamily of the flowering plant Rosaceae.We investigated the details of its chloroplast genome which may reveal its genus independent of morphological determination.Here,we determined the complete chloroplast(cp)genome sequence of C.campanulata and performed sequence analysis to reveal the presence of 18 forward repeats,20 palindrome repeats,2 complement repeats,4 reverse repeats and 93 simple sequence repeats(SSRs).We additionally performed a comparative study of C.campanulata and seven other Prunoideae focke species.Then,maximum parsimony(MP)and maximum likelihood(ML)phylogenetic analyses were carried out in the little part of Rosaceae,respectively.The results strongly support a position of C.campanulata as a member of the Cerasus in the Rosaceae family.Moreover,the complete cp genome can be used for plant phylogenetic and evolutionary studies that will provide insight into the degree of gene conservation.
