To evaluate the antioxidant activities of different chemical constituents from Astragalus mongholicus Bunge and their protection against xanthine （XA）/xanthine oxidase （XO）-induced toxicity in PC12 cells. Methods ...To evaluate the antioxidant activities of different chemical constituents from Astragalus mongholicus Bunge and their protection against xanthine （XA）/xanthine oxidase （XO）-induced toxicity in PC12 cells. Methods The compounds of Astragalus mongholicus Bunge were isolated by chromatography and the structures were elucidated on the basis of spectral data interpretation. Their antioxidant activities were detected by 1, 1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl （DPPH） radical scavenging activities in a cell-free system. Meanwhile, the effects against XA/XO-induced toxicity were assessed using MTT assay in PC12 cells. Results Ten principal constituents were isolated and identified as formononetin （Ⅰ）, ononin （Ⅱ）, calycosin （Ⅲ）, calycosin-7-O-β-D-glucoside （Ⅳ）, 9,10-dimethoxypterocarpan-3-O-β-D-glucoside （Ⅴ）, adenosine （Ⅵ）, pinitol （Ⅶ）, daucosterol （Ⅷ）, β-sitoster （Ⅸ） and saccharose （Ⅹ） from Astragalus mongholicus Bunge. The compounds Ⅰ, Ⅲ, and Ⅳ scavenged DPPH free radicals in vitro. Formononetin and calycosin were found to inhibit XA/XO-induced cell injury significantly, with an estimated EC50 of 50 ng/mL. Conclusion Compound Ⅲ, Ⅵ, and Ⅶ are first reported in this plant. Calycosin exhibits the most potent antioxidant activity both in the cell-free system and in the cell system.展开更多
Total flavonoids are the main pharmaceutical components of Trollius chinensis Bunge, and orientin and vitexin are the monomer components of total flavonoids in Trollius chinensis Bunge. In this study, an aged mouse mo...Total flavonoids are the main pharmaceutical components of Trollius chinensis Bunge, and orientin and vitexin are the monomer components of total flavonoids in Trollius chinensis Bunge. In this study, an aged mouse model was established through intraperitoneal injection of D-galactose for 8 weeks, followed by treatment with 40, 20, or 10 mg/kg orientin, vitexin, or a positive control （vitamin E） via intragastric administration for an additional 8 weeks. Orientin, vitexin, and vitamin E improved the general medical status of the aging mice and significantly increased their brain weights. They also produced an obvious rise in total antioxidant capacity, superoxide dismutase, catalase, and glutathione peroxidase levels in the serum, and the levels of superoxide dismutase, catalase and glutathione peroxidase, Na＋-K＋-ATP enzyme, and Ca2＋-Mg2＋-ATP enzyme in the liver, brain and kidneys. In addition, they significantly reduced malondialdehyde levels in the liver, brain and kidney and lipofuscin levels in the brain. They also significantly improved the neuronal ultrastructure. The 40 mg/kg dose of orientin and vitexin had the same antioxidant capacity as vitamin E. These experimental findings indicate that orientin and vitexin engender anti-aging effects through their antioxidant capacities.展开更多
As a renewable energy, biomass energy has aroused wide attention and studies of this issue have become a hot topic throughout the world. Pistacia chinensis Bunge （Anacardiaceae） is a superior species for biomass ene...As a renewable energy, biomass energy has aroused wide attention and studies of this issue have become a hot topic throughout the world. Pistacia chinensis Bunge （Anacardiaceae） is a superior species for biomass energy with high oil content in seeds and wide geographic distribution. It is a dioeciously, deciduous arbor, flowering from March to April and bearing fruits from September to November. The classification, regional distribution and biological characteristics ofP chinensis are stated in this paper, then, research advances in the growth, breeding and physiology of this species are summarized. The problems in present studies are broached. Finally, a future direction for research is proposed.展开更多
Oil content from seed kernels of Xanthoceras sorbifolia from 13 areas in China was analyzed by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry to determine oil characteristics and biodiesel properties. The seeds had a high kern...Oil content from seed kernels of Xanthoceras sorbifolia from 13 areas in China was analyzed by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry to determine oil characteristics and biodiesel properties. The seeds had a high kernel percentage (53.67%± 7.51), oil content (52.21%± 4.01), and biodiesel yield (99.77%± 0.21). Among the fatty acids in the oil were high percentages of linoleic acid (41.66 ± 2.26)% and oleic acid (28.44%± 2.03). Most of the fuel properties complied well with the ASTM D6751-10, EN 14214-08, and GB/T 20828-2014 standards. The 13 sampling areas were grouped into four clusters based on different kernel percentage, oil content, biodiesel yield, and fatty acid composition. The results showed that the quality of kernel oils from seeds from Ar Horqin Banner was the best, although kernel oils from seeds in all 13 areas were suitable for biodiesel production. This study provides a basis for selecting optimal sites to harvest seeds from X. sorbifolia.展开更多
Objective:Salvia miltiorrhiza is a valuable herbal medicine with tanshinone and phenolic acid as the main biological active ingredients.The biosynthetic regulation of these bioactive compounds is controlled by a set o...Objective:Salvia miltiorrhiza is a valuable herbal medicine with tanshinone and phenolic acid as the main biological active ingredients.The biosynthetic regulation of these bioactive compounds is controlled by a set of transcription factors(TFs).The basic helix-loop-helix(bHLH)transcription factor plays an important role in various physiological and biochemical processes in plants.However,research on bHLH TFs regulating phenolic acid or tanshinone biosynthesis in S.miltiorrhiza is limited.Methods:qRT-PCR was used for gene expression analysis.The subcellular localization of SmbHLH92 was detected by SmbHLHg2-GFP transient transformation into tobacco leaves,and its fluorescence was observed using a confocal laser scanning microscope.The transcriptional activity of SmbHLH92 was confirmed in the AH109 yeast strain.RNA interference hairy roots of SmbHLH92-RNAi transgenic lines were obtained through Agrobacterium-mediated genetic transformation.Ultra performance liquid chromatography(UPLC)was used to detect the changes of phenolic acids and tanshinones.Results:SmbHLH92 is a bHLH transcription factor that is highly expressed in the root and phloem of S.miltiorrhiza.The subcellular localization and transcriptional activity of SmbHLH92 indicated that SmbHLH92 was located in the nucleus and may be a transcription factor.RNA interference(RNAi)of SmbHLH92 in hairy roots of S.miltiorrhiza significantly increased the accumulation of phenolic acid and tanshinone.Quantitative RT-PCR(RT-qPCR)analysis showed the transcription level of genes encoding the key enzymes involved in the phenolic acid and tanshinone biosynthetic pathways was increased in the hairy roots of the SmbHLH92-RNAi transgenic line,comparing with the control line.Conclusion:These data indicate that SmbHLH92 is a negative regulator involved in the regulation of phenolic acid and tanshinone biosynthesis in S.miltiorrhiza.展开更多
Objective To investigate the effects of saponins from Anemarrhena asphodeloides Bunge （SAaB） （Botanical Name： Anemarrhena Asphodeloidis Rhizoma） on the growth of vascular smooth muscle cells （VSMCs）. Methods Ce...Objective To investigate the effects of saponins from Anemarrhena asphodeloides Bunge （SAaB） （Botanical Name： Anemarrhena Asphodeloidis Rhizoma） on the growth of vascular smooth muscle cells （VSMCs）. Methods Cell proliferation was measured by a newly developed cell proliferation reagent, WST-1. Cell apoptosis was assayed by flow cytometry through detecting annexin V. Nitric oxide production was evaluated using confocal laser scanning microscopy with diaminofluorescein diacetate （DAF-2, DA）. Cell aldose reductase （AR） activity, as well as the effect of Epalrestat and interleukin-1β were also explored. Results WST assay showed that cell proliferation induced by serum was significantly inhibited by SAaB （P〈0.01）. Flow cytometry analysis revealed that SAaB could enhance apoptotic rate of VSMCs （P〈0.01）. Nitric oxide production was significantly enhanced after administration of SAaB and interleukin-Iβ Moreover, AR activity of VSMCs was also remarkably inhibited by both SAaB and Epalrestat （P〈 0.01）. Conclusion SAaB can inhibit proliferation and enhance apoptosis of VSMCs. It may protect vascular cells by inhibiting VSMC proliferation and augmenting apoptotic rate of VSMCs via NO-dependent pathway.展开更多
Antioxidant enzyme activity, photosynthetic pigment content, and free malondialdehyde （MDA）, as well as flavonoid content and the key enzyme activity in the flavonoid pathway were determined in two desert shrubs, Ca...Antioxidant enzyme activity, photosynthetic pigment content, and free malondialdehyde （MDA）, as well as flavonoid content and the key enzyme activity in the flavonoid pathway were determined in two desert shrubs, Caryopteris mongolica Bunge and Reaumuria soongorica （Pall.） Maxim. under drought stress. The free MDA content was enhanced during the experimental period, which may be an indicator of oxidative stress. Superoxide dismutase （SOD）, peroxidase （POD）, and ascorbate peroxidase （APX） activities in C. mongholica showed a significant increase during the experiment, but catalase （CAT） activity was slightly decreased. On the other hand, POD and APX activities showed a significant increase and SOD and CAT activity data had no significant changes in R. soongorica. APX, SOD, and CAT activities were higher in R. soongorica than in C. mongholica, but MDA content was lower, indicating that the lower values of MDA were attributed to higher activities of antioxidant enzyme in R. soongorica. Chlorophyll content decreased significantly in the two shrubs during the experiment, which indicated that there was a photoprotection mechanism through reducing light absorbance by decreasing pigments content. Caretonoids content increased in C. mongholica and decreased in R. soongorica. The ratio of Chla/Chlb decreased significantly but caretonoids/Chl revealed a significant increase in the two shrubs, which could be explained as no decrease of peripheral light-harvesting complexes and a higher tolerance to drought. Total flavonoid content and the activities of phenylalanine ammonialyase （PAL） and chalcone isomerase （CHI） showed different changes between C. mongholica and R. soongorica after treatment. These values decreased in R. soongorica and increased in C. mongholica except for PAL activity. However, anthocyanin content increased in the two shrubs, indicating that there was a different regulation response in the ftavonoid pathway in the two shrubs under drought stress, and anthocyanin should be an展开更多
Objective: To study the coumarin from the seeds oil leavings of Xanthoceras sorbifolia.Methods: The chemical constituents were isolated and purified by combination of silica gel, macroporous resin, Sephadex LH-20, and...Objective: To study the coumarin from the seeds oil leavings of Xanthoceras sorbifolia.Methods: The chemical constituents were isolated and purified by combination of silica gel, macroporous resin, Sephadex LH-20, and ODS column chromatography. Their structures were elucidated by spectral and chemical methods. The cytotoxicity of the new compound against 10 selected human cancer cell lines was assayed.Results: Five comarins were isolated and identified as fraxetin-7-O-β-D-[6'-(3"–hydroxyl–3"-methylglutaryl)] glucopyranoside(1), fraxoside(2), fraxetin(3), scopoline(4), and esculetin(5), respectively.Conclusion: Compound 1 is a new compound. Unfortunately, this compound exhibited no cytotoxicity with tested cell lines.展开更多
文摘To evaluate the antioxidant activities of different chemical constituents from Astragalus mongholicus Bunge and their protection against xanthine （XA）/xanthine oxidase （XO）-induced toxicity in PC12 cells. Methods The compounds of Astragalus mongholicus Bunge were isolated by chromatography and the structures were elucidated on the basis of spectral data interpretation. Their antioxidant activities were detected by 1, 1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl （DPPH） radical scavenging activities in a cell-free system. Meanwhile, the effects against XA/XO-induced toxicity were assessed using MTT assay in PC12 cells. Results Ten principal constituents were isolated and identified as formononetin （Ⅰ）, ononin （Ⅱ）, calycosin （Ⅲ）, calycosin-7-O-β-D-glucoside （Ⅳ）, 9,10-dimethoxypterocarpan-3-O-β-D-glucoside （Ⅴ）, adenosine （Ⅵ）, pinitol （Ⅶ）, daucosterol （Ⅷ）, β-sitoster （Ⅸ） and saccharose （Ⅹ） from Astragalus mongholicus Bunge. The compounds Ⅰ, Ⅲ, and Ⅳ scavenged DPPH free radicals in vitro. Formononetin and calycosin were found to inhibit XA/XO-induced cell injury significantly, with an estimated EC50 of 50 ng/mL. Conclusion Compound Ⅲ, Ⅵ, and Ⅶ are first reported in this plant. Calycosin exhibits the most potent antioxidant activity both in the cell-free system and in the cell system.
基金supported by the Foundation of Zhangjiakou Science and Technology Committee, No.0711046D-9 and No.11110015D
文摘Total flavonoids are the main pharmaceutical components of Trollius chinensis Bunge, and orientin and vitexin are the monomer components of total flavonoids in Trollius chinensis Bunge. In this study, an aged mouse model was established through intraperitoneal injection of D-galactose for 8 weeks, followed by treatment with 40, 20, or 10 mg/kg orientin, vitexin, or a positive control （vitamin E） via intragastric administration for an additional 8 weeks. Orientin, vitexin, and vitamin E improved the general medical status of the aging mice and significantly increased their brain weights. They also produced an obvious rise in total antioxidant capacity, superoxide dismutase, catalase, and glutathione peroxidase levels in the serum, and the levels of superoxide dismutase, catalase and glutathione peroxidase, Na＋-K＋-ATP enzyme, and Ca2＋-Mg2＋-ATP enzyme in the liver, brain and kidneys. In addition, they significantly reduced malondialdehyde levels in the liver, brain and kidney and lipofuscin levels in the brain. They also significantly improved the neuronal ultrastructure. The 40 mg/kg dose of orientin and vitexin had the same antioxidant capacity as vitamin E. These experimental findings indicate that orientin and vitexin engender anti-aging effects through their antioxidant capacities.
文摘As a renewable energy, biomass energy has aroused wide attention and studies of this issue have become a hot topic throughout the world. Pistacia chinensis Bunge （Anacardiaceae） is a superior species for biomass energy with high oil content in seeds and wide geographic distribution. It is a dioeciously, deciduous arbor, flowering from March to April and bearing fruits from September to November. The classification, regional distribution and biological characteristics ofP chinensis are stated in this paper, then, research advances in the growth, breeding and physiology of this species are summarized. The problems in present studies are broached. Finally, a future direction for research is proposed.
基金financially supported by the International S&T Cooperation Program of China(2014DFA31140)
文摘Oil content from seed kernels of Xanthoceras sorbifolia from 13 areas in China was analyzed by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry to determine oil characteristics and biodiesel properties. The seeds had a high kernel percentage (53.67%± 7.51), oil content (52.21%± 4.01), and biodiesel yield (99.77%± 0.21). Among the fatty acids in the oil were high percentages of linoleic acid (41.66 ± 2.26)% and oleic acid (28.44%± 2.03). Most of the fuel properties complied well with the ASTM D6751-10, EN 14214-08, and GB/T 20828-2014 standards. The 13 sampling areas were grouped into four clusters based on different kernel percentage, oil content, biodiesel yield, and fatty acid composition. The results showed that the quality of kernel oils from seeds from Ar Horqin Banner was the best, although kernel oils from seeds in all 13 areas were suitable for biodiesel production. This study provides a basis for selecting optimal sites to harvest seeds from X. sorbifolia.
基金This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation(Grant No.31570302,81973422)Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences(CAMS)Innovation Fund for Medical Sciences(CIFMS,2016-I2M-3-016).
文摘Objective:Salvia miltiorrhiza is a valuable herbal medicine with tanshinone and phenolic acid as the main biological active ingredients.The biosynthetic regulation of these bioactive compounds is controlled by a set of transcription factors(TFs).The basic helix-loop-helix(bHLH)transcription factor plays an important role in various physiological and biochemical processes in plants.However,research on bHLH TFs regulating phenolic acid or tanshinone biosynthesis in S.miltiorrhiza is limited.Methods:qRT-PCR was used for gene expression analysis.The subcellular localization of SmbHLH92 was detected by SmbHLHg2-GFP transient transformation into tobacco leaves,and its fluorescence was observed using a confocal laser scanning microscope.The transcriptional activity of SmbHLH92 was confirmed in the AH109 yeast strain.RNA interference hairy roots of SmbHLH92-RNAi transgenic lines were obtained through Agrobacterium-mediated genetic transformation.Ultra performance liquid chromatography(UPLC)was used to detect the changes of phenolic acids and tanshinones.Results:SmbHLH92 is a bHLH transcription factor that is highly expressed in the root and phloem of S.miltiorrhiza.The subcellular localization and transcriptional activity of SmbHLH92 indicated that SmbHLH92 was located in the nucleus and may be a transcription factor.RNA interference(RNAi)of SmbHLH92 in hairy roots of S.miltiorrhiza significantly increased the accumulation of phenolic acid and tanshinone.Quantitative RT-PCR(RT-qPCR)analysis showed the transcription level of genes encoding the key enzymes involved in the phenolic acid and tanshinone biosynthetic pathways was increased in the hairy roots of the SmbHLH92-RNAi transgenic line,comparing with the control line.Conclusion:These data indicate that SmbHLH92 is a negative regulator involved in the regulation of phenolic acid and tanshinone biosynthesis in S.miltiorrhiza.
基金This research was supported by Economic & Trade Commission of Zhejiang Province, the Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Screening, Exploitation & Medicinal Effectiveness Appraisal for Cardio-cerebral Vascular & Nervous System of Zhejiang Province and the Key Laboratory for Biomedical Engineering of the National Ministry of Education, China.
文摘Objective To investigate the effects of saponins from Anemarrhena asphodeloides Bunge （SAaB） （Botanical Name： Anemarrhena Asphodeloidis Rhizoma） on the growth of vascular smooth muscle cells （VSMCs）. Methods Cell proliferation was measured by a newly developed cell proliferation reagent, WST-1. Cell apoptosis was assayed by flow cytometry through detecting annexin V. Nitric oxide production was evaluated using confocal laser scanning microscopy with diaminofluorescein diacetate （DAF-2, DA）. Cell aldose reductase （AR） activity, as well as the effect of Epalrestat and interleukin-1β were also explored. Results WST assay showed that cell proliferation induced by serum was significantly inhibited by SAaB （P〈0.01）. Flow cytometry analysis revealed that SAaB could enhance apoptotic rate of VSMCs （P〈0.01）. Nitric oxide production was significantly enhanced after administration of SAaB and interleukin-Iβ Moreover, AR activity of VSMCs was also remarkably inhibited by both SAaB and Epalrestat （P〈 0.01）. Conclusion SAaB can inhibit proliferation and enhance apoptosis of VSMCs. It may protect vascular cells by inhibiting VSMC proliferation and augmenting apoptotic rate of VSMCs via NO-dependent pathway.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No.30800122,31070358 and 30960065)the West Light Foundation of the Chinese Academy of Sciences
文摘Antioxidant enzyme activity, photosynthetic pigment content, and free malondialdehyde （MDA）, as well as flavonoid content and the key enzyme activity in the flavonoid pathway were determined in two desert shrubs, Caryopteris mongolica Bunge and Reaumuria soongorica （Pall.） Maxim. under drought stress. The free MDA content was enhanced during the experimental period, which may be an indicator of oxidative stress. Superoxide dismutase （SOD）, peroxidase （POD）, and ascorbate peroxidase （APX） activities in C. mongholica showed a significant increase during the experiment, but catalase （CAT） activity was slightly decreased. On the other hand, POD and APX activities showed a significant increase and SOD and CAT activity data had no significant changes in R. soongorica. APX, SOD, and CAT activities were higher in R. soongorica than in C. mongholica, but MDA content was lower, indicating that the lower values of MDA were attributed to higher activities of antioxidant enzyme in R. soongorica. Chlorophyll content decreased significantly in the two shrubs during the experiment, which indicated that there was a photoprotection mechanism through reducing light absorbance by decreasing pigments content. Caretonoids content increased in C. mongholica and decreased in R. soongorica. The ratio of Chla/Chlb decreased significantly but caretonoids/Chl revealed a significant increase in the two shrubs, which could be explained as no decrease of peripheral light-harvesting complexes and a higher tolerance to drought. Total flavonoid content and the activities of phenylalanine ammonialyase （PAL） and chalcone isomerase （CHI） showed different changes between C. mongholica and R. soongorica after treatment. These values decreased in R. soongorica and increased in C. mongholica except for PAL activity. However, anthocyanin content increased in the two shrubs, indicating that there was a different regulation response in the ftavonoid pathway in the two shrubs under drought stress, and anthocyanin should be an
基金financially supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Liaoning Province(No.2015020720)Teaching Reform Project of Jinzhou Medical University(No.YA2016044)Student Innovation Training Program of Jinzhou Medical University(No.201710160000082)
文摘Objective: To study the coumarin from the seeds oil leavings of Xanthoceras sorbifolia.Methods: The chemical constituents were isolated and purified by combination of silica gel, macroporous resin, Sephadex LH-20, and ODS column chromatography. Their structures were elucidated by spectral and chemical methods. The cytotoxicity of the new compound against 10 selected human cancer cell lines was assayed.Results: Five comarins were isolated and identified as fraxetin-7-O-β-D-[6'-(3"–hydroxyl–3"-methylglutaryl)] glucopyranoside(1), fraxoside(2), fraxetin(3), scopoline(4), and esculetin(5), respectively.Conclusion: Compound 1 is a new compound. Unfortunately, this compound exhibited no cytotoxicity with tested cell lines.
