In China, acupuncture has been considered an effective method for treating gastrointestinal(GI) dysfunction diseases for thousands of years. In fact, acupuncture has gained progressive acceptance from both practitione...In China, acupuncture has been considered an effective method for treating gastrointestinal(GI) dysfunction diseases for thousands of years. In fact, acupuncture has gained progressive acceptance from both practitioners and patients worldwide. However, the therapeutic effects and underlying mechanisms in treating GI dysfunction have not yet been established due to a lack of systematic and comprehensive review articles. Therefore, the aim of this review is to discuss the efficacy of acupuncture as a treatment for GI dysfunction and the associated underlying mechanisms. A search of Pub Med was conducted for articles that were published over the past 10 years using the terms "acupuncture", "gastrointestine", and other relevant keywords. In the following review, we describe the effect and underlying mechanisms of acupuncture on GI function from the perspectives of GI motility, visceral sensitivity, the GI barrier, and the brain-gut axis. The dual regulatory effects of acupuncture may manifest by promoting gastric peristalsis in subjects with low initial gastric motility, and suppressing peristalsis in subjects with active initial motility. In addition, the regulation of acupuncture on gastric motility may be intensitydependent. Our findings suggest that further studies are needed to investigate the effects and more systematic mechanisms in treating GI dysfunction, and to promote the application of acupuncture for the treatment of GI diseases.展开更多
Fecal microbiota transplantation(FMT)is a promising strategy that involves reconstruction of gut microbiota.Recently,it has been considered as a treatment of Crohn’s disease(CD)and certain neurological diseases.Here,...Fecal microbiota transplantation(FMT)is a promising strategy that involves reconstruction of gut microbiota.Recently,it has been considered as a treatment of Crohn’s disease(CD)and certain neurological diseases.Here,to the best of our knowledge,we report the first case that used FMT to achieve remission of intestinal and neurological symptoms in a girl with CD and a 17-year history of epilepsy.During the 20 mo of follow-up,FMT has proved its efficacy in preventing relapse of seizures after withdrawing the antiepileptic drugs.Furthermore,this finding highlights the role of microbiota-gut-brain axis and inspires a novel treatment for epilepsy through remodeling gut microbiota.展开更多
功能性消化不良(functional dyspepsia,FD)发病与脑-肠轴(brain-gut axis,BGA)的功能失调紧密相关。脑肠肽(brain gut peptide,BGP)作为脑和胃肠道中双重分布的肽类,是BGA的重要因子。FD在中医学归属“胃脘痛”“痞满”等范畴,中医学认...功能性消化不良(functional dyspepsia,FD)发病与脑-肠轴(brain-gut axis,BGA)的功能失调紧密相关。脑肠肽(brain gut peptide,BGP)作为脑和胃肠道中双重分布的肽类,是BGA的重要因子。FD在中医学归属“胃脘痛”“痞满”等范畴,中医学认为脑肠上下相通、互相联系形成脑肠互动,因而肠功能受到脑的调控,与西医的BGA理论相吻合。中医学者通过实验研究、临床方药治疗和临床非药物疗法证实调节BGP和/或BGA可减缓FD的临床症状。尽管中医在治疗FD方面具有独特疗效,尚不能验证中医对FD具有显著临床疗效,仍需高质量的循证医学证据验证。展开更多
Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is a functional intestinal disease characterized by abdominal pain or discomfort and altered bowel habits. It has drawn great attention because of its high prevalence, reoccurring sympto...Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is a functional intestinal disease characterized by abdominal pain or discomfort and altered bowel habits. It has drawn great attention because of its high prevalence, reoccurring symptoms, and severe influence on patients’ lives. Many clinical studies have demonstrated the efficacy of acupuncture-moxibustion in treating IBS. Increasing attention has been paid to research regarding the action mechanisms of acupuncture-moxibustion for IBS, and the adoption of modern techniques has achieved some progress. This article reviews the latest advances among action mechanism studies from the perspectives of gastrointestinal motility, visceral hypersensitivity, the brain-gut axis, the neuroendocrine system, and the immune system. It is shown that acupuncture-moxibustion can effectively regulate the above items, and thus, this treatment should have a high efficacy in the treatment of IBS. This article also identifies existing problems in current mechanism research and raises several ideas for future studies. Further revelations regarding these action mechanisms will promote the application of acupuncture-moxibustion in treating IBS.展开更多
Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection is the main pathogenic factor for upper digestive tract organic diseases. In addition to direct cytotoxic and proinflammatory effects, H. pylori infection may also induce abno...Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection is the main pathogenic factor for upper digestive tract organic diseases. In addition to direct cytotoxic and proinflammatory effects, H. pylori infection may also induce abnormalities indirectly by affecting the brain-gut axis, similar to other microorganisms present in the alimentary tract. The brain-gut axis integrates the central, peripheral, enteric and autonomic nervous systems, as well as the endocrine and immunological systems, with gastrointestinal functions and environmental stimuli, including gastric and intestinal microbiota. The bidirectional relationship between H. pylori infection and the brain-gut axis influences both the contagion process and the host’s neuroendocrine-immunological reaction to it, resulting in alterations in cognitive functions, food intake and appetite, immunological response, and modification of symptom sensitivity thresholds. Furthermore, disturbances in the upper and lower digestive tract permeability, motility and secretion can occur, mainly as a form of irritable bowel syndrome. Many of these abnormalities disappear following H. pylori eradication. H. pylori may have direct neurotoxic effects that lead to alteration of the brain-gut axis through the activation of neurogenic inflammatory processes, or by microelement deficiency secondary to functional and morphological changes in the digestive tract. In digestive tissue, H. pylori can alter signaling in the brain-gut axis by mast cells, the main brain-gut axis effector, as H. pylori infection is associated with decreased mast cell infiltration in the digestive tract. Nevertheless, unequivocal data concerning the direct and immediate effect of H. pylori infection on the brain-gut axis are still lacking. Therefore, further studies evaluating the clinical importance of these host-bacteria interactions will improve our understanding of H. pylori infection pathophysiology and suggest new therapeutic approaches.展开更多
基金Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.81222050 and No.81303122Beijing Natural Science Foundation,No.7144215+1 种基金Beijing Municipal Administration of Hospitals Clinical Medicine Development of Special Funding Support,No.ZYLX201412financially supported by 973 Program under Grant,No.2014CB543203
文摘In China, acupuncture has been considered an effective method for treating gastrointestinal(GI) dysfunction diseases for thousands of years. In fact, acupuncture has gained progressive acceptance from both practitioners and patients worldwide. However, the therapeutic effects and underlying mechanisms in treating GI dysfunction have not yet been established due to a lack of systematic and comprehensive review articles. Therefore, the aim of this review is to discuss the efficacy of acupuncture as a treatment for GI dysfunction and the associated underlying mechanisms. A search of Pub Med was conducted for articles that were published over the past 10 years using the terms "acupuncture", "gastrointestine", and other relevant keywords. In the following review, we describe the effect and underlying mechanisms of acupuncture on GI function from the perspectives of GI motility, visceral sensitivity, the GI barrier, and the brain-gut axis. The dual regulatory effects of acupuncture may manifest by promoting gastric peristalsis in subjects with low initial gastric motility, and suppressing peristalsis in subjects with active initial motility. In addition, the regulation of acupuncture on gastric motility may be intensitydependent. Our findings suggest that further studies are needed to investigate the effects and more systematic mechanisms in treating GI dysfunction, and to promote the application of acupuncture for the treatment of GI diseases.
基金Supported by The Public Donated Grant"Intestine Initiative"National Nature Science Foundation of China,No.81670495
文摘Fecal microbiota transplantation(FMT)is a promising strategy that involves reconstruction of gut microbiota.Recently,it has been considered as a treatment of Crohn’s disease(CD)and certain neurological diseases.Here,to the best of our knowledge,we report the first case that used FMT to achieve remission of intestinal and neurological symptoms in a girl with CD and a 17-year history of epilepsy.During the 20 mo of follow-up,FMT has proved its efficacy in preventing relapse of seizures after withdrawing the antiepileptic drugs.Furthermore,this finding highlights the role of microbiota-gut-brain axis and inspires a novel treatment for epilepsy through remodeling gut microbiota.
文摘功能性消化不良(functional dyspepsia,FD)发病与脑-肠轴(brain-gut axis,BGA)的功能失调紧密相关。脑肠肽(brain gut peptide,BGP)作为脑和胃肠道中双重分布的肽类,是BGA的重要因子。FD在中医学归属“胃脘痛”“痞满”等范畴,中医学认为脑肠上下相通、互相联系形成脑肠互动,因而肠功能受到脑的调控,与西医的BGA理论相吻合。中医学者通过实验研究、临床方药治疗和临床非药物疗法证实调节BGP和/或BGA可减缓FD的临床症状。尽管中医在治疗FD方面具有独特疗效,尚不能验证中医对FD具有显著临床疗效,仍需高质量的循证医学证据验证。
基金Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.81273843,No.81072879National Key Basic Research Program of China,No.2009CB522900
文摘Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is a functional intestinal disease characterized by abdominal pain or discomfort and altered bowel habits. It has drawn great attention because of its high prevalence, reoccurring symptoms, and severe influence on patients’ lives. Many clinical studies have demonstrated the efficacy of acupuncture-moxibustion in treating IBS. Increasing attention has been paid to research regarding the action mechanisms of acupuncture-moxibustion for IBS, and the adoption of modern techniques has achieved some progress. This article reviews the latest advances among action mechanism studies from the perspectives of gastrointestinal motility, visceral hypersensitivity, the brain-gut axis, the neuroendocrine system, and the immune system. It is shown that acupuncture-moxibustion can effectively regulate the above items, and thus, this treatment should have a high efficacy in the treatment of IBS. This article also identifies existing problems in current mechanism research and raises several ideas for future studies. Further revelations regarding these action mechanisms will promote the application of acupuncture-moxibustion in treating IBS.
文摘Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection is the main pathogenic factor for upper digestive tract organic diseases. In addition to direct cytotoxic and proinflammatory effects, H. pylori infection may also induce abnormalities indirectly by affecting the brain-gut axis, similar to other microorganisms present in the alimentary tract. The brain-gut axis integrates the central, peripheral, enteric and autonomic nervous systems, as well as the endocrine and immunological systems, with gastrointestinal functions and environmental stimuli, including gastric and intestinal microbiota. The bidirectional relationship between H. pylori infection and the brain-gut axis influences both the contagion process and the host’s neuroendocrine-immunological reaction to it, resulting in alterations in cognitive functions, food intake and appetite, immunological response, and modification of symptom sensitivity thresholds. Furthermore, disturbances in the upper and lower digestive tract permeability, motility and secretion can occur, mainly as a form of irritable bowel syndrome. Many of these abnormalities disappear following H. pylori eradication. H. pylori may have direct neurotoxic effects that lead to alteration of the brain-gut axis through the activation of neurogenic inflammatory processes, or by microelement deficiency secondary to functional and morphological changes in the digestive tract. In digestive tissue, H. pylori can alter signaling in the brain-gut axis by mast cells, the main brain-gut axis effector, as H. pylori infection is associated with decreased mast cell infiltration in the digestive tract. Nevertheless, unequivocal data concerning the direct and immediate effect of H. pylori infection on the brain-gut axis are still lacking. Therefore, further studies evaluating the clinical importance of these host-bacteria interactions will improve our understanding of H. pylori infection pathophysiology and suggest new therapeutic approaches.
