Gastric cancer(GC) remains an important cause of cancer death worldwide with a high mortality rate due to the fact that the majority of GC cases are diagnosed at an advanced stage when the prognosis is poor and the tr...Gastric cancer(GC) remains an important cause of cancer death worldwide with a high mortality rate due to the fact that the majority of GC cases are diagnosed at an advanced stage when the prognosis is poor and the treatment options are limited. Unfortunately, the existing circulating biomarkers for GC diagnosis and prognosis display low sensitivity and specificity and the GC diagnosis is based only on the invasive procedures such as upper digestive endoscopy. There is a huge need for less invasive or non-invasive tests but also highly specific biomarkers in case of GC. Body fluids such as peripheral blood, urine or saliva,stomach wash/gastric juice could be a source of specific biomarkers, providing important data for screening and diagnosis in GC. This review summarized the recently discovered circulating molecules such as microRNAs, long non-coding RNAs, circular RNAs, which hold the promise to develop new strategies for early diagnosis of GC.展开更多
Gastric cancer(GC) is one of the most prevalent malignant types in the world and an aggressive disease with a poor 5-year survival. This cancer is biologically and genetically heterogeneous with a poorly understood ca...Gastric cancer(GC) is one of the most prevalent malignant types in the world and an aggressive disease with a poor 5-year survival. This cancer is biologically and genetically heterogeneous with a poorly understood carcinogenesis at the molecular level. Although the incidence is declining, the outcome of patients with GC remains dismal. Thus, the detection at an early stage utilizing useful screening approaches, selection of an appropriate treatment plan, and effective monitoring is pivotal to reduce GC mortalities. Identification of biomarkers in a basis of clinical information and comprehensive genome analysis could improve diagnosis, prognosis, prediction of recurrence and treatment response. This review summarized the current status and approaches in GC biomarker, which could be potentially used for early diagnosis, accurate prediction of therapeutic approaches and discussed the future perspective based on the molecular classification and profiling.展开更多
证候和方剂是中医学的2个关键科学问题,直接关系到中医疾病的诊断和临床治疗的有效性。方剂是中医临床用药的主要形式和手段,其配伍的科学性和临床的有效性是中医药科学价值的具体体现。然而,中医证候的模糊性及方剂的复杂性极大地限制...证候和方剂是中医学的2个关键科学问题,直接关系到中医疾病的诊断和临床治疗的有效性。方剂是中医临床用药的主要形式和手段,其配伍的科学性和临床的有效性是中医药科学价值的具体体现。然而,中医证候的模糊性及方剂的复杂性极大地限制了方剂的效应评价及中药药效物质基础的确认。如何解决证候的诊断标准,以及相关的方剂药效物质基础的确认是国际关注的热点问题,迫切需要建立符合其自身特点的研究方法和技术体系。中医方证代谢组学(chinmedomics)是将中药血清药物化学和代谢组学有机结合,在解决证候生物标记物的基础上,建立方剂药效生物评价体系,进而发现与临床疗效直接相关的药效物质基础,阐明作用机制的方法学体系。中医方证代谢组学将"中医证候生物标记物-方剂体内直接作用物质-药效生物标记物"研究有机结合,建立血清中外源性中药成分与内源性标记物群2组变量相关(plotting of correlation between marker metabolites and serum constituents,PCMS)分析方法,评价方剂整体效应及方证相应关系,揭示方剂的药效物质基础及其配伍规律的应用研究策略;该策略的实施将促进方剂向化学成分明确化、作用机制清晰化的方向发展,为方剂关键科学问题研究带来方法学创新,有助推动中医方-证相关研究,揭示生命本质并为人类健康做出有益贡献。展开更多
As a multi-factorial degenerative disease, Parkinson＇s disease （PD） leads to tremor, gait rigidity, and hypokinesia, thus hampering normal living. As this disease is usually detected in the later stages when neuron...As a multi-factorial degenerative disease, Parkinson＇s disease （PD） leads to tremor, gait rigidity, and hypokinesia, thus hampering normal living. As this disease is usually detected in the later stages when neurons have degenerated completely, cure is on hold, ultimately leading to death due to the lack of early diagnostic techniques. Thus, biomarkers are required to detect the disease in the early stages when prevention is possible. Various biomarkers providing early diagnosis of the disease include those of imaging, cerebrospinal fluid, oxidative stress, neuroprotection, and inflammation. Also, biomarkers, alone or in combination, are used in the diagnosis and evolution of PD. This review encompasses various biomarkers available for PD and discusses recent advances in their development.展开更多
目的研究缺血修饰蛋白(IMA)、髓过氧化物酶(MPO)联合24 h动态心电图(DEG)检测对老年冠心病并发无症状心肌缺血的诊断价值。方法选取我院2018年1月~2019年6月收治的150例疑似老年冠心病无症状心肌缺血患者作为研究对象,均行24 h DEG检查...目的研究缺血修饰蛋白(IMA)、髓过氧化物酶(MPO)联合24 h动态心电图(DEG)检测对老年冠心病并发无症状心肌缺血的诊断价值。方法选取我院2018年1月~2019年6月收治的150例疑似老年冠心病无症状心肌缺血患者作为研究对象,均行24 h DEG检查,同时检测患者血清IMA、MPO水平,以冠状动脉造影(CAG)结果为诊断金标准,根据检测结果分为CAG阳性组(96例)、CAG阴性组(54例)。比较2组患者血清IMA、MPO水平,并评估IMA、MPO、24 h DEG单项或联合检测在诊断中的效能。结果 CAG显示阴性患者为36.0%,阳性患者为64.0%。CAG阳性组患者血清IMA、MPO水平及心肌缺血发作持续时间显著高于CAG阴性组,有显著差异(P<0.05,P<0.01)。CAG阴性组ST段压低980阵次,CAG阳性组ST段压低249阵次,心肌缺血发作时间主要集中在06?01~12?00。ROC曲线分析显示,IMA、MPO的截断值分别为135.39×10^3 U/L、589.25 ng/L,曲线下面积分别为0.760(95%CI:0.712~0.806)、0.757(95%CI:0.684~0.793),两者联合诊断的曲线下面积为0.926(95%CI:0.858~0.987)。IMA、MPO、24 h DEG三者联合检测特异性、准确率高于单项检测(98.15%vs 59.26%、70.37%、74.07%,均P=0.000;91.33%vs 82.00%、84.00%、80.00%,P=0.017、0.037、0.005)。结论IMA、MPO联合24 h DEG检测可有效提高老年冠心病并发无症状心肌缺血临床诊断的特异性及准确率,同时保持了较高的敏感性,对于患者的早期筛查和诊断具有重要的临床应用价值。展开更多
Pancreatic cancer is a growing source of cancer related death, yet has poor survival rates which have not improved in the last few decades. Its high mortality rate is attributed to pancreatic cancer biology, difficult...Pancreatic cancer is a growing source of cancer related death, yet has poor survival rates which have not improved in the last few decades. Its high mortality rate is attributed to pancreatic cancer biology, difficulty in early diagnosis and the lack of standardised international guidelines in assessing suspicious pancreatic masses. This review aims to provide an update in the current state of play in pancreatic cancer diagnosis and to evaluate the benefits and limitations of available diagnostic technology. The main modalities discussed are imaging with computed tomography, magnetic resonance imaging, endoscopic ultrasound and positron emission tomography and tissue acquisition with fine needle aspiration. We also review the improvements in the techniques used for tissue acquisition and the opportunity for personalised cancer medicine. Screening of high risk individuals, promising biomarkers and common mimickers of pancreatic cancer are also explored, as well as suggestions for future research directions to allow for earlier detection of pancreatic cancer. Timely and accurate diagnosis of pancreatic cancer can lead to improvements in the current poor outcome of this disease.展开更多
基金Supported by a grant of the Romanian National Authority for Scientific Research and Innovation,CNCS-UEFISCDI,No.PN-Ⅲ-P4-ID-PCCF2016-0158(contract PCCF17/2018)within PNCDI Ⅲ
文摘Gastric cancer(GC) remains an important cause of cancer death worldwide with a high mortality rate due to the fact that the majority of GC cases are diagnosed at an advanced stage when the prognosis is poor and the treatment options are limited. Unfortunately, the existing circulating biomarkers for GC diagnosis and prognosis display low sensitivity and specificity and the GC diagnosis is based only on the invasive procedures such as upper digestive endoscopy. There is a huge need for less invasive or non-invasive tests but also highly specific biomarkers in case of GC. Body fluids such as peripheral blood, urine or saliva,stomach wash/gastric juice could be a source of specific biomarkers, providing important data for screening and diagnosis in GC. This review summarized the recently discovered circulating molecules such as microRNAs, long non-coding RNAs, circular RNAs, which hold the promise to develop new strategies for early diagnosis of GC.
文摘Gastric cancer(GC) is one of the most prevalent malignant types in the world and an aggressive disease with a poor 5-year survival. This cancer is biologically and genetically heterogeneous with a poorly understood carcinogenesis at the molecular level. Although the incidence is declining, the outcome of patients with GC remains dismal. Thus, the detection at an early stage utilizing useful screening approaches, selection of an appropriate treatment plan, and effective monitoring is pivotal to reduce GC mortalities. Identification of biomarkers in a basis of clinical information and comprehensive genome analysis could improve diagnosis, prognosis, prediction of recurrence and treatment response. This review summarized the current status and approaches in GC biomarker, which could be potentially used for early diagnosis, accurate prediction of therapeutic approaches and discussed the future perspective based on the molecular classification and profiling.
文摘证候和方剂是中医学的2个关键科学问题,直接关系到中医疾病的诊断和临床治疗的有效性。方剂是中医临床用药的主要形式和手段,其配伍的科学性和临床的有效性是中医药科学价值的具体体现。然而,中医证候的模糊性及方剂的复杂性极大地限制了方剂的效应评价及中药药效物质基础的确认。如何解决证候的诊断标准,以及相关的方剂药效物质基础的确认是国际关注的热点问题,迫切需要建立符合其自身特点的研究方法和技术体系。中医方证代谢组学(chinmedomics)是将中药血清药物化学和代谢组学有机结合,在解决证候生物标记物的基础上,建立方剂药效生物评价体系,进而发现与临床疗效直接相关的药效物质基础,阐明作用机制的方法学体系。中医方证代谢组学将"中医证候生物标记物-方剂体内直接作用物质-药效生物标记物"研究有机结合,建立血清中外源性中药成分与内源性标记物群2组变量相关(plotting of correlation between marker metabolites and serum constituents,PCMS)分析方法,评价方剂整体效应及方证相应关系,揭示方剂的药效物质基础及其配伍规律的应用研究策略;该策略的实施将促进方剂向化学成分明确化、作用机制清晰化的方向发展,为方剂关键科学问题研究带来方法学创新,有助推动中医方-证相关研究,揭示生命本质并为人类健康做出有益贡献。
文摘As a multi-factorial degenerative disease, Parkinson＇s disease （PD） leads to tremor, gait rigidity, and hypokinesia, thus hampering normal living. As this disease is usually detected in the later stages when neurons have degenerated completely, cure is on hold, ultimately leading to death due to the lack of early diagnostic techniques. Thus, biomarkers are required to detect the disease in the early stages when prevention is possible. Various biomarkers providing early diagnosis of the disease include those of imaging, cerebrospinal fluid, oxidative stress, neuroprotection, and inflammation. Also, biomarkers, alone or in combination, are used in the diagnosis and evolution of PD. This review encompasses various biomarkers available for PD and discusses recent advances in their development.
文摘目的研究缺血修饰蛋白(IMA)、髓过氧化物酶(MPO)联合24 h动态心电图(DEG)检测对老年冠心病并发无症状心肌缺血的诊断价值。方法选取我院2018年1月~2019年6月收治的150例疑似老年冠心病无症状心肌缺血患者作为研究对象,均行24 h DEG检查,同时检测患者血清IMA、MPO水平,以冠状动脉造影(CAG)结果为诊断金标准,根据检测结果分为CAG阳性组(96例)、CAG阴性组(54例)。比较2组患者血清IMA、MPO水平,并评估IMA、MPO、24 h DEG单项或联合检测在诊断中的效能。结果 CAG显示阴性患者为36.0%,阳性患者为64.0%。CAG阳性组患者血清IMA、MPO水平及心肌缺血发作持续时间显著高于CAG阴性组,有显著差异(P<0.05,P<0.01)。CAG阴性组ST段压低980阵次,CAG阳性组ST段压低249阵次,心肌缺血发作时间主要集中在06?01~12?00。ROC曲线分析显示,IMA、MPO的截断值分别为135.39×10^3 U/L、589.25 ng/L,曲线下面积分别为0.760(95%CI:0.712~0.806)、0.757(95%CI:0.684~0.793),两者联合诊断的曲线下面积为0.926(95%CI:0.858~0.987)。IMA、MPO、24 h DEG三者联合检测特异性、准确率高于单项检测(98.15%vs 59.26%、70.37%、74.07%,均P=0.000;91.33%vs 82.00%、84.00%、80.00%,P=0.017、0.037、0.005)。结论IMA、MPO联合24 h DEG检测可有效提高老年冠心病并发无症状心肌缺血临床诊断的特异性及准确率,同时保持了较高的敏感性,对于患者的早期筛查和诊断具有重要的临床应用价值。
文摘Pancreatic cancer is a growing source of cancer related death, yet has poor survival rates which have not improved in the last few decades. Its high mortality rate is attributed to pancreatic cancer biology, difficulty in early diagnosis and the lack of standardised international guidelines in assessing suspicious pancreatic masses. This review aims to provide an update in the current state of play in pancreatic cancer diagnosis and to evaluate the benefits and limitations of available diagnostic technology. The main modalities discussed are imaging with computed tomography, magnetic resonance imaging, endoscopic ultrasound and positron emission tomography and tissue acquisition with fine needle aspiration. We also review the improvements in the techniques used for tissue acquisition and the opportunity for personalised cancer medicine. Screening of high risk individuals, promising biomarkers and common mimickers of pancreatic cancer are also explored, as well as suggestions for future research directions to allow for earlier detection of pancreatic cancer. Timely and accurate diagnosis of pancreatic cancer can lead to improvements in the current poor outcome of this disease.
基金Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(81570406,81400302,81500219)Science and Technology Research and Development Program of Shaanxi Province(2016SF-217)~~
