Molybdenum carbide(MoxC)with variable phase structure possesses flexible hydrogen-binding energy(HBE),which is a promising hydrogen evolution reaction(HER)catalyst.Herein,a hybrid multiphase MoxC freestanding film cou...Molybdenum carbide(MoxC)with variable phase structure possesses flexible hydrogen-binding energy(HBE),which is a promising hydrogen evolution reaction(HER)catalyst.Herein,a hybrid multiphase MoxC freestanding film coupled with Co3Mo(CM/MoxC@NC)is synthesized through the electrospinning method supplemented by the heteroatom incorporation.CM/MoxC@NC surpasses its pure phase counterparts and exhibits remarkable catalytic activity at 114mV to deliver a current density of 10mA cm^(−2) in acid,which is among the first-rate level performance reported for MoxC-based catalysts.The subsequent ex situ and in situ characterizations reveal a phase transition mechanism based on self-catalysis that CoOx depletes the coordinated C ofα-MoC via the interaction,which realizes the assembly of weak HBEα-MoC and strong HBEβ-Mo2C,and the enhanced utilization of active materials as well.The multiple structures with optimal HBE are in favor of the stepwise reactions of HER,as the study of the correlation between HBE and phase structure revealed.This study discloses the underlying phase transition mechanism and highlights the HBE–structure relationship that should be considered for catalyst design.展开更多
Changes in ambient temperature profoundly affect plant growth and performance.Therefore,the molecu-larbasis of plant acclimation to temperature fluctuation is of great interest.In this study,we discovered that GLYCINE...Changes in ambient temperature profoundly affect plant growth and performance.Therefore,the molecu-larbasis of plant acclimation to temperature fluctuation is of great interest.In this study,we discovered that GLYCINE-RICH RNA-BINDING PROTEIN 7(GRP7)contributes to cold and heat tolerance in Arabidopsis thaliana.We found that exposure to a warm temperature rapidly induces GRP7 condensates in planta,which can be reversed by transfer to a lower temperature.Cell biology and biochemical assays revealed that GRP7 undergoes liquid-liquid phase separation(LLPS)in vivo and in vitro.LLPS of GRP7 in the cyto-plasm contributes to the formation of stress granules that recruit RNA,along with the translation machinery component eukaryotic initiation factor 4E1(elF4E1)and the mRNA chaperones COLD SHOCK PROTEIN 1(CSP1)and CSP3,to inhibit translation.Moreover,natural variations in GRP7 affecting the residue phos-phorylated by the receptorkinase FERONIA alter its capacity to undergo LLPS and correlate with the adap-tation of some Arabidopsis accessions to a widertemperature range.Taken together,ourfindings illustrate the role of translational control mediated by GRP7 LLPS to confer plants with temperature resilience.展开更多
RNA-binding proteins(RBPs)accompany RNA from synthesis to decay,mediating every aspect of RNA metabolism and impacting diverse cellular and developmental processes in eukaryotes.Many RBPs undergo phase separation alon...RNA-binding proteins(RBPs)accompany RNA from synthesis to decay,mediating every aspect of RNA metabolism and impacting diverse cellular and developmental processes in eukaryotes.Many RBPs undergo phase separation along with their bound RNA to form and function in dynamic membraneless biomolecular condensates for spatiotemporal coordination or regulation of RNA metabolism.Increasing evidence suggests that phase-separating RBPs with RNA-binding domains and intrinsically disordered regions play important roles in plant development and stress adaptation.Here,we summarize the current knowledge about how dynamic partitioning of RBPs into condensates controls plant development and enables sensing of experimental changes to confer growth plasticity under stress conditions,with a focus on the dynamics and functional mechanisms of RBP-rich nuclear condensates and cytoplasmic granules in mediating RNA metabolism.We also discuss roles of multiple factors,such as environmental signals,protein modifications,and N6-methyladenosine RNA methylation,in modulating the phase separation behaviors of RBPs,and highlight the prospects and challenges for future research on phase-separating RBPs in crops.展开更多
It is important to understand the adsorption mechanism of chemicals and active pharmaceu-tical ingredients （API） on sewage sludge since wastewater treatment plants are the last barrier before the release of these co...It is important to understand the adsorption mechanism of chemicals and active pharmaceu-tical ingredients （API） on sewage sludge since wastewater treatment plants are the last barrier before the release of these compounds to the environment. Adsorption models were developed considering mostly hydrophobic API-sludge interaction. They have poor predictive ability, especially with ionisable compounds. This work proposes a solid-phase extraction （SPE） approach to estimate rapidly the API-sludge interaction. Sludge-filled SPE cartridges could not be percolated with API spiked mobile phases so different powders were tested as SPE sludge supports. Polytetrafluoroethylene （PTFE） was selected and tested at different PTFE/sludge ratios under eight different adsorption conditions with three API ionisable compounds. The PTFE/sludge mixtures with 50% or less sludge could be used in SPE mode for API sorption studies with methanol/water liquid phases. The results gave insights into API-sludge interactions. It was found that π-π, hydrogen-bonding and charge-charge interactions were as important as hydrophobicity in the adsorption mechanism of charged APIs on sludge.展开更多
基金This study was supported by the Priority Academic Program Development of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions(PAPD).
文摘Molybdenum carbide(MoxC)with variable phase structure possesses flexible hydrogen-binding energy(HBE),which is a promising hydrogen evolution reaction(HER)catalyst.Herein,a hybrid multiphase MoxC freestanding film coupled with Co3Mo(CM/MoxC@NC)is synthesized through the electrospinning method supplemented by the heteroatom incorporation.CM/MoxC@NC surpasses its pure phase counterparts and exhibits remarkable catalytic activity at 114mV to deliver a current density of 10mA cm^(−2) in acid,which is among the first-rate level performance reported for MoxC-based catalysts.The subsequent ex situ and in situ characterizations reveal a phase transition mechanism based on self-catalysis that CoOx depletes the coordinated C ofα-MoC via the interaction,which realizes the assembly of weak HBEα-MoC and strong HBEβ-Mo2C,and the enhanced utilization of active materials as well.The multiple structures with optimal HBE are in favor of the stepwise reactions of HER,as the study of the correlation between HBE and phase structure revealed.This study discloses the underlying phase transition mechanism and highlights the HBE–structure relationship that should be considered for catalyst design.
基金supported by grants from National Natural Science Foundation of China(NSFC-32000208 and NSFC-32070769)National Key R&D Program of China(2023YFD1401100)+1 种基金China Postdoctoral Science Foundation funded project(2020M672475)the Science and Technology Innovation Program of Hunan Province(Nonos.2021JJ10015,2021JJ40060,2023ZJ1080,and 2021JJ40056).
文摘Changes in ambient temperature profoundly affect plant growth and performance.Therefore,the molecu-larbasis of plant acclimation to temperature fluctuation is of great interest.In this study,we discovered that GLYCINE-RICH RNA-BINDING PROTEIN 7(GRP7)contributes to cold and heat tolerance in Arabidopsis thaliana.We found that exposure to a warm temperature rapidly induces GRP7 condensates in planta,which can be reversed by transfer to a lower temperature.Cell biology and biochemical assays revealed that GRP7 undergoes liquid-liquid phase separation(LLPS)in vivo and in vitro.LLPS of GRP7 in the cyto-plasm contributes to the formation of stress granules that recruit RNA,along with the translation machinery component eukaryotic initiation factor 4E1(elF4E1)and the mRNA chaperones COLD SHOCK PROTEIN 1(CSP1)and CSP3,to inhibit translation.Moreover,natural variations in GRP7 affecting the residue phos-phorylated by the receptorkinase FERONIA alter its capacity to undergo LLPS and correlate with the adap-tation of some Arabidopsis accessions to a widertemperature range.Taken together,ourfindings illustrate the role of translational control mediated by GRP7 LLPS to confer plants with temperature resilience.
基金supported by the National Research Foundation Competitive Research Programme(NRF-CRP22-2019-0001)the intramural funding from Temasek Life Sciences Laboratory。
文摘RNA-binding proteins(RBPs)accompany RNA from synthesis to decay,mediating every aspect of RNA metabolism and impacting diverse cellular and developmental processes in eukaryotes.Many RBPs undergo phase separation along with their bound RNA to form and function in dynamic membraneless biomolecular condensates for spatiotemporal coordination or regulation of RNA metabolism.Increasing evidence suggests that phase-separating RBPs with RNA-binding domains and intrinsically disordered regions play important roles in plant development and stress adaptation.Here,we summarize the current knowledge about how dynamic partitioning of RBPs into condensates controls plant development and enables sensing of experimental changes to confer growth plasticity under stress conditions,with a focus on the dynamics and functional mechanisms of RBP-rich nuclear condensates and cytoplasmic granules in mediating RNA metabolism.We also discuss roles of multiple factors,such as environmental signals,protein modifications,and N6-methyladenosine RNA methylation,in modulating the phase separation behaviors of RBPs,and highlight the prospects and challenges for future research on phase-separating RBPs in crops.
基金funded by the Biothechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council (BBSRC),as part of an industrial Collaboration Award in Science and Engineering between University of Portsmouth and AstraZeneca's Brixham Environmental Laboratory,Devon,UK
文摘It is important to understand the adsorption mechanism of chemicals and active pharmaceu-tical ingredients （API） on sewage sludge since wastewater treatment plants are the last barrier before the release of these compounds to the environment. Adsorption models were developed considering mostly hydrophobic API-sludge interaction. They have poor predictive ability, especially with ionisable compounds. This work proposes a solid-phase extraction （SPE） approach to estimate rapidly the API-sludge interaction. Sludge-filled SPE cartridges could not be percolated with API spiked mobile phases so different powders were tested as SPE sludge supports. Polytetrafluoroethylene （PTFE） was selected and tested at different PTFE/sludge ratios under eight different adsorption conditions with three API ionisable compounds. The PTFE/sludge mixtures with 50% or less sludge could be used in SPE mode for API sorption studies with methanol/water liquid phases. The results gave insights into API-sludge interactions. It was found that π-π, hydrogen-bonding and charge-charge interactions were as important as hydrophobicity in the adsorption mechanism of charged APIs on sludge.
