Dominance hierarchy reflects resource competition in male primates as well as females.In this study,we collected data on the social rank and mating competition of female Sichuan snub-nosed monkeys from September 2009 ...Dominance hierarchy reflects resource competition in male primates as well as females.In this study,we collected data on the social rank and mating competition of female Sichuan snub-nosed monkeys from September 2009 to June 2010 in the Qinling Mountains,Shaanxi,China.Displacement was used to determine social hierarchy of the studied wild females.A total of 1223 displacement bouts between adult females and 316 mating behaviors within one-male units(OMUs) were recorded.Competitive displacement among females was very low(0.22 displacements per observation hour).The dominant ranks of females in target OMUs were determined by displacement,from one OMU to another:JB unit:YL > DBC > YCM >XBC > BD;JZT unit:XHW > JG > DT;PK unit:QQ > TM > HF;LP unit:SK > TH > WM.Higher-ranking females performed significantly more sexual behavior than lower-ranking females in this rare monkey.High-ranking females were more likely to win mating contests within those OMUs.Based on these studies,we assessed the social relationships among adult females and clarified possible explanations for the strategies of female mating competition in the OMUs.Furthermore,the notion that reproductive success may also be related to female dominance hierarchies in this polygynous species should be considered in future research.展开更多
The cost of reproduction is the core driver of life history evolution in animals.This paper demonstrates that the cumulative distance moved and the duration of movement of sexually immature abalones,Haliotis discus ha...The cost of reproduction is the core driver of life history evolution in animals.This paper demonstrates that the cumulative distance moved and the duration of movement of sexually immature abalones,Haliotis discus hannai,kept in various male and female groups,were significantly higher than those of sexually mature individuals,except when kept in mixed cultures of mature males and females.After mixed-culture,sexually mature males moved significantly further and for a longer duration than mature female abalones,and even more so than mature male abalones of any other group.Examination of the LC-MS metabolomics of mature males cultured with sexually mature females(AM)and those cultured with sexually immature females(JM)showed that cyclic adenosine monophosphate(cAMP)acted as a differential metabolic biomarker.After 24-h uninterrupted sampling,the concentration of 5-HT and the expression levels of the 5-HT2 and 5-HT6 receptors in AM were significantly higher than those in JM.After further injection of 5-HT2 and 5-HT6 receptor antagonists,the concentrations of cAMP and PKA rose again,but the cumulative movement duration and distance of male abalones decreased significantly,showing that 5-HT was involved in the regulation of movement behavior of male abalones through the 5-HT2 and 5-HT6 receptor-activated cAMP-PKA pathways.The results demonstrated a significant increase in the movement endurance of mature male abalones cultured with mature females,providing a theoretical basis for understanding the adaptive life history strategies of abalones and suggesting ways to protect diverse benthic resources for abalones during the reproductive stage.展开更多
Green-lipped mussel, Perna viridis is a warm water mussel species that is distributed widely in the Indo-Pacific regions. It is a commercially important species and has demonstrated a great culture potential in tropic...Green-lipped mussel, Perna viridis is a warm water mussel species that is distributed widely in the Indo-Pacific regions. It is a commercially important species and has demonstrated a great culture potential in tropical countries. The feeding behavior of P. viridis is influenced by both seston concentration and its nutritional values. It is shown the mussels exhibit higher ingestion rate when the organic content of the seston is higher. Interestingly, several studies have reported that P. viridis can demonstrate selective feeding behavior towards phytoplankton. Short term studies have shown that the P. viridis exhibits preferentially ingestion of dinoflagellates, while long term studies show that the P. viridis has a higher growth rate during diatom blooms. Nevertheless, spawning of P. viridis is induced by high primary productivity at relatively high sea water temperature. In the temperate countries, spawning is seasonal but normally occurs in summer. In the tropical countries, however, the P. viridis has been shown to spawn all year-round with two peaks which coincide with monsoon seasons. The site selection is critically important when considering the green mussel culture. Feasibility study for P. viridis farming is normally carried out first in order to evaluate the environmental conditions of the site. This paper attempts to review the current knowledge of biology, selective feeding behaviour, growth, reproductive and the aquaculture site selection methods for green-lipped mussel.展开更多
基金supported by the Key Program of National Natural Science Foundation of China (31130061)National Natural Science Foundation of China (30970444,30970168,30970379)+4 种基金Special Foundation of Shaanxi Academy of Sciences,China (2010K-01)Western Light Talent Culture Project (2011DF05)Research Fund for the Doctoral Program of Higher Education of China (20106101110005)Natural Science Foundation of Shaanxi Province China (2010JM3006)Cosmo Oil Eco Card Fund of Japan (2005-2012)
文摘Dominance hierarchy reflects resource competition in male primates as well as females.In this study,we collected data on the social rank and mating competition of female Sichuan snub-nosed monkeys from September 2009 to June 2010 in the Qinling Mountains,Shaanxi,China.Displacement was used to determine social hierarchy of the studied wild females.A total of 1223 displacement bouts between adult females and 316 mating behaviors within one-male units(OMUs) were recorded.Competitive displacement among females was very low(0.22 displacements per observation hour).The dominant ranks of females in target OMUs were determined by displacement,from one OMU to another:JB unit:YL > DBC > YCM >XBC > BD;JZT unit:XHW > JG > DT;PK unit:QQ > TM > HF;LP unit:SK > TH > WM.Higher-ranking females performed significantly more sexual behavior than lower-ranking females in this rare monkey.High-ranking females were more likely to win mating contests within those OMUs.Based on these studies,we assessed the social relationships among adult females and clarified possible explanations for the strategies of female mating competition in the OMUs.Furthermore,the notion that reproductive success may also be related to female dominance hierarchies in this polygynous species should be considered in future research.
基金This study was supported by grants from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.32273105)National Key R&D Program of China(2018YFD0901400),Key S&T Program of Fujian Province(No.2020NZ08003)+2 种基金Special Fund for Ocean and Fisheries of Xiamen(21CZY018HJ01)China Postdoctoral Science Foundation Grant[2019M650153,2021T140393]the Outstanding Postdoctoral Scholarship from the State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science at Xiamen University.Thanks for the support from the Germplasm resources sharing platform of aquatic species in Fujian Province and XMU-MRB Abalone Research Center.
文摘The cost of reproduction is the core driver of life history evolution in animals.This paper demonstrates that the cumulative distance moved and the duration of movement of sexually immature abalones,Haliotis discus hannai,kept in various male and female groups,were significantly higher than those of sexually mature individuals,except when kept in mixed cultures of mature males and females.After mixed-culture,sexually mature males moved significantly further and for a longer duration than mature female abalones,and even more so than mature male abalones of any other group.Examination of the LC-MS metabolomics of mature males cultured with sexually mature females(AM)and those cultured with sexually immature females(JM)showed that cyclic adenosine monophosphate(cAMP)acted as a differential metabolic biomarker.After 24-h uninterrupted sampling,the concentration of 5-HT and the expression levels of the 5-HT2 and 5-HT6 receptors in AM were significantly higher than those in JM.After further injection of 5-HT2 and 5-HT6 receptor antagonists,the concentrations of cAMP and PKA rose again,but the cumulative movement duration and distance of male abalones decreased significantly,showing that 5-HT was involved in the regulation of movement behavior of male abalones through the 5-HT2 and 5-HT6 receptor-activated cAMP-PKA pathways.The results demonstrated a significant increase in the movement endurance of mature male abalones cultured with mature females,providing a theoretical basis for understanding the adaptive life history strategies of abalones and suggesting ways to protect diverse benthic resources for abalones during the reproductive stage.
文摘Green-lipped mussel, Perna viridis is a warm water mussel species that is distributed widely in the Indo-Pacific regions. It is a commercially important species and has demonstrated a great culture potential in tropical countries. The feeding behavior of P. viridis is influenced by both seston concentration and its nutritional values. It is shown the mussels exhibit higher ingestion rate when the organic content of the seston is higher. Interestingly, several studies have reported that P. viridis can demonstrate selective feeding behavior towards phytoplankton. Short term studies have shown that the P. viridis exhibits preferentially ingestion of dinoflagellates, while long term studies show that the P. viridis has a higher growth rate during diatom blooms. Nevertheless, spawning of P. viridis is induced by high primary productivity at relatively high sea water temperature. In the temperate countries, spawning is seasonal but normally occurs in summer. In the tropical countries, however, the P. viridis has been shown to spawn all year-round with two peaks which coincide with monsoon seasons. The site selection is critically important when considering the green mussel culture. Feasibility study for P. viridis farming is normally carried out first in order to evaluate the environmental conditions of the site. This paper attempts to review the current knowledge of biology, selective feeding behaviour, growth, reproductive and the aquaculture site selection methods for green-lipped mussel.