Macrophages exist in various tissues,several body cavities,and around mucosal surfaces and are a vital part of the innate immune system for host defense against many pathogens and cancers.Macrophages possess binary M1...Macrophages exist in various tissues,several body cavities,and around mucosal surfaces and are a vital part of the innate immune system for host defense against many pathogens and cancers.Macrophages possess binary M1/M2 macrophage polarization settings,which perform a central role in an array of immune tasks via intrinsic signal cascades and,therefore,must be precisely regulated.Many crucial questions about macrophage signaling and immune modulation are yet to be uncovered.In addition,the clinical importance of tumor-associated macrophages is becoming more widely recognized as significant progress has been made in understanding their biology.Moreover,they are an integral part of the tumor microenvironment,playing a part in the regulation of a wide variety of processes including angiogenesis,extracellular matrix transformation,cancer cell proliferation,metastasis,immunosuppression,and resistance to chemotherapeutic and checkpoint blockade immunotherapies.Herein,we discuss immune regulation in macrophage polarization and signaling,mechanical stresses and modulation,metabolic signaling pathways,mitochondrial and transcriptional,and epigenetic regulation.Furthermore,we have broadly extended the understanding of macrophages in extracellular traps and the essential roles of autophagy and aging in regulating macrophage functions.Moreover,we discussed recent advances in macrophages-mediated immune regulation of autoimmune diseases and tumorigenesis.Lastly,we discussed targeted macrophage therapy to portray prospective targets for therapeutic strategies in health and diseases.展开更多
What is already known about this topic?Mushroom poisoning is becoming one of the most serious food safety issues in China,which is responsible for nearly a half of all oral poisoning deaths.What is added by this repor...What is already known about this topic?Mushroom poisoning is becoming one of the most serious food safety issues in China,which is responsible for nearly a half of all oral poisoning deaths.What is added by this report?In China,many mushrooms were previously“recorded”as poisonous.In this study,about 70 species obtained from mushroom poisoning incidents including several new records were confirmed accurately by morphological and molecular evidence in 2019,and spatial and temporal distribution characters of 13 lethal mushrooms were summarized systematically.What are the implications for public health practice?Precise and timely species identification is of pivotal importance in mushroom incidents.More efforts and cooperation are continued to be needed urgently for the governments,CDC staff,doctors and mycologists in future.展开更多
In recent years,we have entered the so-called Fourth Paradigm with the regular production of huge amount of observational data.Big data is often characterized by the three‘V's:Volume of data,Variety and Velocity....In recent years,we have entered the so-called Fourth Paradigm with the regular production of huge amount of observational data.Big data is often characterized by the three‘V's:Volume of data,Variety and Velocity.The concept of big data can potentially address some existing issues in areas of geoscience and geoengineering.Large-scale,comprehensive,multidirectional and multifield geotechnical monitoring is becoming a reality in the very near future.展开更多
Osteoarthritis(OA) in China is gradually becoming an important scientific research area that has had a significant impact on research and development(R&D) activities in the OA field worldwide. This article summari...Osteoarthritis(OA) in China is gradually becoming an important scientific research area that has had a significant impact on research and development(R&D) activities in the OA field worldwide. This article summarizes the R&D progress related to OA in China in recent years. The National Natural Science Foundation of China(NSFC) is a national funding institution for basic research and plays a critical role in promoting and supporting Chinese scholars’ R&D activities. We collected and analyzed information on NSFC funding in the field of OA from 2010 to 2019, including the amount, the level and the program categories of the funded projects. The data fully demonstrate the important and positive role of the NSFC in supporting free exploration, cultivating research teams and young talent, and boosting OA R&D. In this article, we outline and discuss hot topics in focused areas, key advances in this field and the prospects for progress in OA research in China.展开更多
Since late 2022, the share of infections caused by the SARS-CoV2 lineage XBB.1.5 has gradually increased in the United States,resulting in XBB.1.5 becoming the dominating SARS-CoV-2lineage in the United States and a s...Since late 2022, the share of infections caused by the SARS-CoV2 lineage XBB.1.5 has gradually increased in the United States,resulting in XBB.1.5 becoming the dominating SARS-CoV-2lineage in the United States and a similar trend is likely to soontake place also in European countries. However, information onthe virological properties of XBB.1.5 is scarce. Here, weconducted an initial virological assessment of the SARS-CoV-2XBB.1.5 lineage.展开更多
Machine learning is becoming a valuable tool for scientific discovery.Particularly attractive is the application of machine learning methods to the field of materials development,which enables innovations by discoveri...Machine learning is becoming a valuable tool for scientific discovery.Particularly attractive is the application of machine learning methods to the field of materials development,which enables innovations by discovering new and better functional materials.To apply machine learning to actual materials development,close collaboration between scientists and machine learning tools is necessary.However,such collaboration has been so far impeded by the black box nature of many machine learning algorithms.It is often difficult for scientists to interpret the data-driven models from the viewpoint of material science and physics.Here,we demonstrate the development of spin-driven thermoelectric materials with anomalous Nernst effect by using an interpretable machine learning method called factorized asymptotic Bayesian inference hierarchical mixture of experts(FAB/HMEs).Based on prior knowledge of material science and physics,we were able to extract from the interpretable machine learning some surprising correlations and new knowledge about spin-driven thermoelectric materials.Guided by this,we carried out an actual material synthesis that led to the identification of a novel spin-driven thermoelectric material.This material shows the largest thermopower to date.展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos:81803183,82272779,82003036,82273236)National Key R&D Program of China(2022YFF0710800,2022YFF0710802)+4 种基金Natural Science Foundation of Sichuan province,China(No.2019YFS0230)Science and Technology Innovation Commission of Shenzhen(Nos:JCYJ20220530141608020,JCYJ20220530141609021)Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong province,China(Nos:2214050008970,2019A1515012079)Guangdong Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation(Nos.2023A1515030182)Science and Technology Innovation Commission of Shenzhen(No.JCYJ20220530141608020)BioRender was used to create the figures.
文摘Macrophages exist in various tissues,several body cavities,and around mucosal surfaces and are a vital part of the innate immune system for host defense against many pathogens and cancers.Macrophages possess binary M1/M2 macrophage polarization settings,which perform a central role in an array of immune tasks via intrinsic signal cascades and,therefore,must be precisely regulated.Many crucial questions about macrophage signaling and immune modulation are yet to be uncovered.In addition,the clinical importance of tumor-associated macrophages is becoming more widely recognized as significant progress has been made in understanding their biology.Moreover,they are an integral part of the tumor microenvironment,playing a part in the regulation of a wide variety of processes including angiogenesis,extracellular matrix transformation,cancer cell proliferation,metastasis,immunosuppression,and resistance to chemotherapeutic and checkpoint blockade immunotherapies.Herein,we discuss immune regulation in macrophage polarization and signaling,mechanical stresses and modulation,metabolic signaling pathways,mitochondrial and transcriptional,and epigenetic regulation.Furthermore,we have broadly extended the understanding of macrophages in extracellular traps and the essential roles of autophagy and aging in regulating macrophage functions.Moreover,we discussed recent advances in macrophages-mediated immune regulation of autoimmune diseases and tumorigenesis.Lastly,we discussed targeted macrophage therapy to portray prospective targets for therapeutic strategies in health and diseases.
基金supported by the National Science Foundation of China(No.31501814)approved by the National Institute of Occupational Health and Poison Control Ethics Committee,Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention(NIOHP201904).
文摘What is already known about this topic?Mushroom poisoning is becoming one of the most serious food safety issues in China,which is responsible for nearly a half of all oral poisoning deaths.What is added by this report?In China,many mushrooms were previously“recorded”as poisonous.In this study,about 70 species obtained from mushroom poisoning incidents including several new records were confirmed accurately by morphological and molecular evidence in 2019,and spatial and temporal distribution characters of 13 lethal mushrooms were summarized systematically.What are the implications for public health practice?Precise and timely species identification is of pivotal importance in mushroom incidents.More efforts and cooperation are continued to be needed urgently for the governments,CDC staff,doctors and mycologists in future.
文摘In recent years,we have entered the so-called Fourth Paradigm with the regular production of huge amount of observational data.Big data is often characterized by the three‘V's:Volume of data,Variety and Velocity.The concept of big data can potentially address some existing issues in areas of geoscience and geoengineering.Large-scale,comprehensive,multidirectional and multifield geotechnical monitoring is becoming a reality in the very near future.
文摘Osteoarthritis(OA) in China is gradually becoming an important scientific research area that has had a significant impact on research and development(R&D) activities in the OA field worldwide. This article summarizes the R&D progress related to OA in China in recent years. The National Natural Science Foundation of China(NSFC) is a national funding institution for basic research and plays a critical role in promoting and supporting Chinese scholars’ R&D activities. We collected and analyzed information on NSFC funding in the field of OA from 2010 to 2019, including the amount, the level and the program categories of the funded projects. The data fully demonstrate the important and positive role of the NSFC in supporting free exploration, cultivating research teams and young talent, and boosting OA R&D. In this article, we outline and discuss hot topics in focused areas, key advances in this field and the prospects for progress in OA research in China.
基金BMBF(01KI2006D,01KI20328A,01KX2021)the Ministry for Science and Culture of Lower Saxony(14-76103-184,COFONI Network,including projects 7FF22,6FF22,10FF22)+7 种基金EU(project UNDINE)and the German Research Foundation(DFGPO 716/11-1,PO 716/14-1)H.-M.J.received funding from BMBF(01KI2043,NaFoUniMedCovid19-COVIM:01KX2021)Bavarian State Ministry for Science and the Arts(Bayerisches Staatsministerium für Wissenschaft und Kunst)DFG through the research training groups RTG1660 and TRR130,the Bayerische Forschungsstiftung(Project CORAd)the Kastner Foundation.G.M.N.B.acknowledges funding by the German Center for Infection Research(Deutsches Zentrum für Infektionsforschung,DZIFgrant no 80018019238)a European Regional Development Fund(Defeat Corona,ZW7-8515131).
文摘Since late 2022, the share of infections caused by the SARS-CoV2 lineage XBB.1.5 has gradually increased in the United States,resulting in XBB.1.5 becoming the dominating SARS-CoV-2lineage in the United States and a similar trend is likely to soontake place also in European countries. However, information onthe virological properties of XBB.1.5 is scarce. Here, weconducted an initial virological assessment of the SARS-CoV-2XBB.1.5 lineage.
基金This work was supported by JST-PRESTO“Advanced Materials Informatics through Comprehensive Integration among Theoretical,Experimental,Computational and Data-Centric Sciences”(Grant No.JPMJPR17N4)JST-ERATO“Spin Quantum Rectification Project”(Grant No.JPMJER1402)I.T.is supported in part by C-SPIN,one of six centers of STARnet,a Semiconductor Research Corporation program,sponsored by MARCO and DARPA.
文摘Machine learning is becoming a valuable tool for scientific discovery.Particularly attractive is the application of machine learning methods to the field of materials development,which enables innovations by discovering new and better functional materials.To apply machine learning to actual materials development,close collaboration between scientists and machine learning tools is necessary.However,such collaboration has been so far impeded by the black box nature of many machine learning algorithms.It is often difficult for scientists to interpret the data-driven models from the viewpoint of material science and physics.Here,we demonstrate the development of spin-driven thermoelectric materials with anomalous Nernst effect by using an interpretable machine learning method called factorized asymptotic Bayesian inference hierarchical mixture of experts(FAB/HMEs).Based on prior knowledge of material science and physics,we were able to extract from the interpretable machine learning some surprising correlations and new knowledge about spin-driven thermoelectric materials.Guided by this,we carried out an actual material synthesis that led to the identification of a novel spin-driven thermoelectric material.This material shows the largest thermopower to date.
