We study the sound perturbation of a rotating acoustic black hole in the presence of a disclination. The radial part of the massless Klein-Gordon equation is written into a Heun form, and its analytical solution is ob...We study the sound perturbation of a rotating acoustic black hole in the presence of a disclination. The radial part of the massless Klein-Gordon equation is written into a Heun form, and its analytical solution is obtained. These solutions have an explicit dependence on the parameter of the disclination. We obtain the exact Hawking-Unruh radiation spectrum.展开更多
Aims: Bathing in deep, Japanese-style bathtubs is associated with high rates of sudden death in the elderly in Japan. The predominant causes of death in such cases are cardiovascular events and drowning. Blood pressur...Aims: Bathing in deep, Japanese-style bathtubs is associated with high rates of sudden death in the elderly in Japan. The predominant causes of death in such cases are cardiovascular events and drowning. Blood pressure changes induced by water pressure and high temperature during bathing may be an important cause of these accidents. Therefore, we investigated the changes in blood pressure, heart rate, and oxygen saturation (SpO2) before and after bathing in elderly Japanese individuals. Methods: Forty-eight elderly (average age, 86.4 ± 7.5 years) persons were enrolled in this study. Results: Changes in systolic blood pressure after bathing correlated negatively with baseline blood pressure before bathing, and participants with baseline systolic blood pressures of <125 mmHg experienced a greater elevation in blood pressure while bathing. Pulse rate was significantly increased after bathing, and the change in pulse rate correlated negatively with the baseline values. SpO2 did not differ significantly during bathing, but changes in SpO2 correlated negatively with baseline values. Lean participants showed a more marked elevation of SpO2, and those with hypertension showed reduced SpO2. Conclusion: These data suggest that the disabled elderly with low blood pressure experience trends in cardiovascular response during bathing which differ from those of young persons.展开更多
Frequent bathtub bathing (BB) improves the mental health of middle-aged and older Japanese in-dividuals. This study investigated the chronic mental health effects of BB, maintaining warmth using an insulating sheet an...Frequent bathtub bathing (BB) improves the mental health of middle-aged and older Japanese in-dividuals. This study investigated the chronic mental health effects of BB, maintaining warmth using an insulating sheet and sleeping bag after bathtub bathing (BBW), and bathtub bathing with herbal extracts (BBH) in healthy young adults. The study involved healthy young adults who habitually showered, as opposed to bathing. In the first experiment, 18 participants were randomly assigned to either the BB or BBW groups for 14 consecutive nights. After a 2-week washout period, the participants were asked to switch their bathing styles (a cross-over design). In the second experiment, 20 participants were randomly assigned to the BB or BBH group. The herbal extracts for the BBH group contained angelicae radix, aurantii nobilis pericarpium, chamomile, and zingiberis rhizoma. After a 2-week washout period, these participants also switched to the other bathing style. The participants’ mental conditions pre- and post-intervention were assessed using the Profile of Mood States-Brief Form questionnaire, Japanese version, and were statistically analyzed. The participants’ Anger-Hostility score converged to an average (50 points) in the post-BBW and post-BBH participants, and there were no significant differences in BB. The Confusion change rate was significantly different in the first experiment (BB versus BBW). The Depression-Dejection and Fatigue change rates were significantly different in the second experiment (BB versus BBH). Our findings suggest that changing bathing style from showering to BBW or BBH improves the POMS Anger-Hostility scores of healthy young adults.展开更多
In Japan, most sudden deaths occurring during bathing happen in the winter, and predominantly to elderly people. One can infer a relation to physical conditions that are specific to aging. Atrial fibrillation, an arrh...In Japan, most sudden deaths occurring during bathing happen in the winter, and predominantly to elderly people. One can infer a relation to physical conditions that are specific to aging. Atrial fibrillation, an arrhythmia, increases with age. This study examined histological changes in the pulmonary vein myocardial sleeves of sudden bathtub death victims and compared them with those of control individuals. We investigated 35 sudden deaths that occurred during bathing and 34 accidental deaths or deaths caused by diseases unrelated to cardiopathies. Pulmonary veins were excised cross-sectionally from the hilar side to the venoatrial junction. Then they were stained with hematoxylin and eosin, resorcin-fuchsin van Gieson, and Congo-red stains. Amyloid deposits in the pulmonary vein myocardial sleeves, as well as the range and severity of scarring, were graded microscopically on a scale of 0-3. In the sudden bathtub death victims, severe scarring was found in the myocardial sleeves of the four pulmonary veins (mean score, 2.0), which was significantly different (p < 0.05) from the control subjects (mean score, 1.4). Cardiomegaly was found in 28 out of the autopsied individuals. In subjects with cardiomegaly, the mean value of pulmonary vein myocardial sleeve scarring was 2.1. In subjects without cardiomegaly, the mean value was 1.8. Comparison revealed that cardiomegaly was associated significantly with scarring progression and degeneration of the myocardial sleeves. Scarring of the pulmonary vein myocardial sleeves was more advanced in victims of sudden bathtub death than in controls without heart disease. Elderly people with scarring of the pulmonary vein myocardial sleeves are likely to develop degenerative variations in their intra-atrial excitation conduction. These results demonstrate that taking hot baths might induce supraventricular arrhythmias such as atrial fibrillation.展开更多
基金Supported by Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico(140612/2014-9)
文摘We study the sound perturbation of a rotating acoustic black hole in the presence of a disclination. The radial part of the massless Klein-Gordon equation is written into a Heun form, and its analytical solution is obtained. These solutions have an explicit dependence on the parameter of the disclination. We obtain the exact Hawking-Unruh radiation spectrum.
文摘Aims: Bathing in deep, Japanese-style bathtubs is associated with high rates of sudden death in the elderly in Japan. The predominant causes of death in such cases are cardiovascular events and drowning. Blood pressure changes induced by water pressure and high temperature during bathing may be an important cause of these accidents. Therefore, we investigated the changes in blood pressure, heart rate, and oxygen saturation (SpO2) before and after bathing in elderly Japanese individuals. Methods: Forty-eight elderly (average age, 86.4 ± 7.5 years) persons were enrolled in this study. Results: Changes in systolic blood pressure after bathing correlated negatively with baseline blood pressure before bathing, and participants with baseline systolic blood pressures of <125 mmHg experienced a greater elevation in blood pressure while bathing. Pulse rate was significantly increased after bathing, and the change in pulse rate correlated negatively with the baseline values. SpO2 did not differ significantly during bathing, but changes in SpO2 correlated negatively with baseline values. Lean participants showed a more marked elevation of SpO2, and those with hypertension showed reduced SpO2. Conclusion: These data suggest that the disabled elderly with low blood pressure experience trends in cardiovascular response during bathing which differ from those of young persons.
文摘Frequent bathtub bathing (BB) improves the mental health of middle-aged and older Japanese in-dividuals. This study investigated the chronic mental health effects of BB, maintaining warmth using an insulating sheet and sleeping bag after bathtub bathing (BBW), and bathtub bathing with herbal extracts (BBH) in healthy young adults. The study involved healthy young adults who habitually showered, as opposed to bathing. In the first experiment, 18 participants were randomly assigned to either the BB or BBW groups for 14 consecutive nights. After a 2-week washout period, the participants were asked to switch their bathing styles (a cross-over design). In the second experiment, 20 participants were randomly assigned to the BB or BBH group. The herbal extracts for the BBH group contained angelicae radix, aurantii nobilis pericarpium, chamomile, and zingiberis rhizoma. After a 2-week washout period, these participants also switched to the other bathing style. The participants’ mental conditions pre- and post-intervention were assessed using the Profile of Mood States-Brief Form questionnaire, Japanese version, and were statistically analyzed. The participants’ Anger-Hostility score converged to an average (50 points) in the post-BBW and post-BBH participants, and there were no significant differences in BB. The Confusion change rate was significantly different in the first experiment (BB versus BBW). The Depression-Dejection and Fatigue change rates were significantly different in the second experiment (BB versus BBH). Our findings suggest that changing bathing style from showering to BBW or BBH improves the POMS Anger-Hostility scores of healthy young adults.
文摘In Japan, most sudden deaths occurring during bathing happen in the winter, and predominantly to elderly people. One can infer a relation to physical conditions that are specific to aging. Atrial fibrillation, an arrhythmia, increases with age. This study examined histological changes in the pulmonary vein myocardial sleeves of sudden bathtub death victims and compared them with those of control individuals. We investigated 35 sudden deaths that occurred during bathing and 34 accidental deaths or deaths caused by diseases unrelated to cardiopathies. Pulmonary veins were excised cross-sectionally from the hilar side to the venoatrial junction. Then they were stained with hematoxylin and eosin, resorcin-fuchsin van Gieson, and Congo-red stains. Amyloid deposits in the pulmonary vein myocardial sleeves, as well as the range and severity of scarring, were graded microscopically on a scale of 0-3. In the sudden bathtub death victims, severe scarring was found in the myocardial sleeves of the four pulmonary veins (mean score, 2.0), which was significantly different (p < 0.05) from the control subjects (mean score, 1.4). Cardiomegaly was found in 28 out of the autopsied individuals. In subjects with cardiomegaly, the mean value of pulmonary vein myocardial sleeve scarring was 2.1. In subjects without cardiomegaly, the mean value was 1.8. Comparison revealed that cardiomegaly was associated significantly with scarring progression and degeneration of the myocardial sleeves. Scarring of the pulmonary vein myocardial sleeves was more advanced in victims of sudden bathtub death than in controls without heart disease. Elderly people with scarring of the pulmonary vein myocardial sleeves are likely to develop degenerative variations in their intra-atrial excitation conduction. These results demonstrate that taking hot baths might induce supraventricular arrhythmias such as atrial fibrillation.
