Through the research on several carbonate reservoirs developed in the Middle East, the basic characteristics of different types of carbonate reservoirs are determined, and a set of high-efficiency water injection deve...Through the research on several carbonate reservoirs developed in the Middle East, the basic characteristics of different types of carbonate reservoirs are determined, and a set of high-efficiency water injection development options and strategies are presented. Hidden baffles and barriers exist in carbonate reservoirs in the Middle East, so the reservoirs could be divided into different separated development units based on the baffles and barriers characteristics. Flexible and diverse profile control techniques such as high angle wells and simple and applicative zonal water injection have been introduced to improve the control and development degree of reservoirs. Three principal water injection development methods suitable for different carbonate reservoirs in the Middle East are proposed, including the combination of crestal gas injection and peripheral water injection, bottom interval injection and top interval production(buoyancy underpinning), and "weak point and strong plane" area well pattern. Based on the characteristics of very low shale content, fast and far pressure transmission in the Middle East carbonate reservoirs, a large well-spacing flood pattern is recommended, and reasonable development strategies have been made such as moderate water injection rate and maintaining reasonable production pressure drawdown and voidage replacement ratio, so as to maximize the recovery of reservoirs in the none or low water cut period.展开更多
In order to study the thermal insulation and cooling properties of thermal barrier coatings of a flame baffle,several ZrO2 thermal barrier coatings with different thicknesses were prepared on the surface of aluminium-...In order to study the thermal insulation and cooling properties of thermal barrier coatings of a flame baffle,several ZrO2 thermal barrier coatings with different thicknesses were prepared on the surface of aluminium-alloy flame-baffle samples by plasma spraying.The relations between temperature and time of these samples were tested when they were heated by combustion flame.The relations between temperature of the coatings and the sample bodies and time were also tested when the samples at high temperatures were cooled by water.The experimental results indicated that ① the thicker the thermal barrier coatings,the better the thermal insulation effect of the thermal barrier;② the higher the temperature,the more significant of the thermal insulation of the thermal barrier.Also,in the case of water-cooling,the cooling rate of the coatings was greatly subject to the plate body and the cooling rate of coatings below 1.0mm was equivalent to that of the plate body.展开更多
文摘Through the research on several carbonate reservoirs developed in the Middle East, the basic characteristics of different types of carbonate reservoirs are determined, and a set of high-efficiency water injection development options and strategies are presented. Hidden baffles and barriers exist in carbonate reservoirs in the Middle East, so the reservoirs could be divided into different separated development units based on the baffles and barriers characteristics. Flexible and diverse profile control techniques such as high angle wells and simple and applicative zonal water injection have been introduced to improve the control and development degree of reservoirs. Three principal water injection development methods suitable for different carbonate reservoirs in the Middle East are proposed, including the combination of crestal gas injection and peripheral water injection, bottom interval injection and top interval production(buoyancy underpinning), and "weak point and strong plane" area well pattern. Based on the characteristics of very low shale content, fast and far pressure transmission in the Middle East carbonate reservoirs, a large well-spacing flood pattern is recommended, and reasonable development strategies have been made such as moderate water injection rate and maintaining reasonable production pressure drawdown and voidage replacement ratio, so as to maximize the recovery of reservoirs in the none or low water cut period.
文摘In order to study the thermal insulation and cooling properties of thermal barrier coatings of a flame baffle,several ZrO2 thermal barrier coatings with different thicknesses were prepared on the surface of aluminium-alloy flame-baffle samples by plasma spraying.The relations between temperature and time of these samples were tested when they were heated by combustion flame.The relations between temperature of the coatings and the sample bodies and time were also tested when the samples at high temperatures were cooled by water.The experimental results indicated that ① the thicker the thermal barrier coatings,the better the thermal insulation effect of the thermal barrier;② the higher the temperature,the more significant of the thermal insulation of the thermal barrier.Also,in the case of water-cooling,the cooling rate of the coatings was greatly subject to the plate body and the cooling rate of coatings below 1.0mm was equivalent to that of the plate body.
