Backscattering of gamma photons from a material is of fundamental importance in radiation shielding,industrial and medical applications, radiation dosimetry,and non-destructive testing. In Compton scattering, incident...Backscattering of gamma photons from a material is of fundamental importance in radiation shielding,industrial and medical applications, radiation dosimetry,and non-destructive testing. In Compton scattering, incident photons undergo multiple scatterings within the material(target) before exiting. Gamma photons continue to soften in energy as the number of scatterings increases in a thick target; in other words, the energy of gamma photons decreases as the scatterings increase in case of a thick target and results in the generation of singly and multiply scattered events. In this work, the energy distribution of backscattered gamma photons with backscattering intensity and energy probabilities were calculated by using the Monte Carlo method for metallic, biological, and shielding materials with various thicknesses of slab geometry. The materials under study were targeted with gamma photons of 0.279, 0.662, 1.250, and 2.100 Me V energies. In addition, the energy distributions of multiply scattered gamma photons were studied for materials with infinite geometry.The results are presented and discussed in detail by comparing with other Monte Carlo calculations.展开更多
低成本、低功耗是无线传感网络得到普遍应用的重要原因。基于软件无线电技术、Lab VIEW和USRP(Universal Software Radio Peripheral)平台,提出并实现了一种面向多传感应用、无干扰可配置的后向散射无线传感网络架构原型,架构由可配置...低成本、低功耗是无线传感网络得到普遍应用的重要原因。基于软件无线电技术、Lab VIEW和USRP(Universal Software Radio Peripheral)平台,提出并实现了一种面向多传感应用、无干扰可配置的后向散射无线传感网络架构原型,架构由可配置零中频接收的后向散射无线传感收发器和传感节点组成,通过无线射频能量获取和传感节点的射频唤醒,有效地降低了系统功耗。论述副载波可配置的频分多址接入方法,给出并证明了避免多传感器接入碰撞的传感数据脉冲周期约束条件。实验和仿真验证了提出架构的有效性和可行性,实验测试误差矢量幅度EVM值小于2.8%,且数值分析和Monte Carlo仿真验证间的中断率误差小于1.86%。展开更多
文摘Backscattering of gamma photons from a material is of fundamental importance in radiation shielding,industrial and medical applications, radiation dosimetry,and non-destructive testing. In Compton scattering, incident photons undergo multiple scatterings within the material(target) before exiting. Gamma photons continue to soften in energy as the number of scatterings increases in a thick target; in other words, the energy of gamma photons decreases as the scatterings increase in case of a thick target and results in the generation of singly and multiply scattered events. In this work, the energy distribution of backscattered gamma photons with backscattering intensity and energy probabilities were calculated by using the Monte Carlo method for metallic, biological, and shielding materials with various thicknesses of slab geometry. The materials under study were targeted with gamma photons of 0.279, 0.662, 1.250, and 2.100 Me V energies. In addition, the energy distributions of multiply scattered gamma photons were studied for materials with infinite geometry.The results are presented and discussed in detail by comparing with other Monte Carlo calculations.
