P-and SV-wave dispersion and attenuation have been extensively investigated in saturated poroelastic media with aligned fractures.However,there are few existing models that incorporate the multiple wave attenuation me...P-and SV-wave dispersion and attenuation have been extensively investigated in saturated poroelastic media with aligned fractures.However,there are few existing models that incorporate the multiple wave attenuation mechanisms from the microscopic scale to the macroscopic scale.Hence,in this work,we developed a unified model to incorporate the wave attenuation mechanisms at different scales,which includes the microscopic squirt flow between the microcracks and pores,the mesoscopic wave-induced fluid flow between fractures and background(FB-WIFF),and the macroscopic Biot's global flow and elastic scattering(ES)from the fractures.Using Tang's modified Biot's theory and the mixed-boundary conditions,we derived the exact frequency-dependent solutions of the scattering problem for a single penny-shaped fracture with oblique incident P-and SV-waves.We then developed theoretical models for a set of aligned fractures and randomly oriented fractures using the Foldy approximation.The results indicated that microcrack squirt flow considerably influences the dispersion and attenuation of P-and SV-wave velocities.The coupling effects of microcrack squirt flow with the FB-WIFF and ES of fractures cause much higher velocity dispersion and attenuation for P waves than for SV waves.Randomly oriented fractures substantially reduce the attenuation caused by the FB-WIFF and ES,particularly for the ES attenuation of SV waves.Through a comparison with existing models in the limiting cases and previous experimental measurements,we validated our model.展开更多
A SIMO(single input and multiple output) system of a step-frequency(SF) radar is used.It works in downward-looking spotlight mode and moves within a 2D synthetic plane array.A 3D(three-dimensional) matrix of bistatic ...A SIMO(single input and multiple output) system of a step-frequency(SF) radar is used.It works in downward-looking spotlight mode and moves within a 2D synthetic plane array.A 3D(three-dimensional) matrix of bistatic scattering fields is produced in both the amplitude and phase from a 3D complex-shaped electric-large target above background surface.In numerical simulation,the bidirectional analytic ray tracing(BART) method is applied to calculate bistatic scattering in the SIMO observations from a volumetric target above background rough surface.An improved 3D RMA(range migration algorithm) is then utilized to make the imaging.Its 3D imaging is applied to reconstruct the target profile.As validation and comparison,the scattering fields of some simple targets are computed with comparisons of the BART and FEKO software.The SIMO techniques of imaging and reconstruction for a 3D target,such as a tank-like model over rough surface,are presented.展开更多
The accelerator-generating 6.13 MeV pulsed Gamma by 19F（p, αγ）160 reaction usually synchronizes with an intense bremsstrahlung x-ray which has a maximum energy of 1 MeV. This paper proposes a new method, named the...The accelerator-generating 6.13 MeV pulsed Gamma by 19F（p, αγ）160 reaction usually synchronizes with an intense bremsstrahlung x-ray which has a maximum energy of 1 MeV. This paper proposes a new method, named the scattering and absorbing method, to diagnose the 6.13 MeV Gamma. This method includes two parts： the detector and a scatterer placed in front of the detector. The detector converts the Gamma to electrons and then collects the electrons by a scintillator. In order to restrain the interference of the low-energy background, the scintillator collects the electrons at a small angle. The scintillator is wrapped with electro-absorbing material to absorb the low-energy electrons generated by background x-rays. The theoretical sensitivity ratio of 6.13 MeV Gamma to 1 MeV x-rays is greater than 150. The scatterer is a pretreatment tool to scatter some background x-rays away from the radial beam before they enter the detector. By varying the length, the scatterer can reduce the background x-rays to an acceptable level for the detector.展开更多
本工作以有序Ni3Fe样品的电子能量损失谱EELS(electron energy loss spectroscopy)的采集、处理和分析为例,叙述了内置(Ω型)与后置能量过滤器在采集和处理电子能量损失谱的工作原理、处理步骤及注意要点。实验结果表明:在采集谱图过程...本工作以有序Ni3Fe样品的电子能量损失谱EELS(electron energy loss spectroscopy)的采集、处理和分析为例,叙述了内置(Ω型)与后置能量过滤器在采集和处理电子能量损失谱的工作原理、处理步骤及注意要点。实验结果表明:在采集谱图过程中,内置Ω型能量过滤器零峰非常稳定,后置GIF(gatan image filter)能量过滤器可以节约采集过程中处理谱图的时间。在处理谱图时发现,利用Ω型能量过滤器采集的电子能量损失谱中谱图的背底曲线与理论拟合结果偏差很大;本文提出了通过数据处理给出的校正因子可以很好地弥补这一偏差。由于Ω型能量过滤器的物距较小,在零峰附近常伴随有衍射点,所以无论样品厚度如何,由Ω型能量过滤器采集的电子能量损失谱必须扣除多重散射的影响。展开更多
Neutron-induced nuclear recoil background is critical to dark matter searches in the PandaX-4T liquid xenon experiment.In this study,we investigate the features of neutron background in liquid xenon and evaluate its c...Neutron-induced nuclear recoil background is critical to dark matter searches in the PandaX-4T liquid xenon experiment.In this study,we investigate the features of neutron background in liquid xenon and evaluate its contribution in single scattering nuclear recoil events using three methods.The first method is fully based on Monte Carlo simulations.The last two are data-driven methods that also use multiple scattering signals and high energy signals in the data.In the PandaX-4T commissioning data with an exposure of 0.63 tonne-year,all these methods give a consistent result,i.e.,there are 1.15±0.57 neutron-induced backgrounds in the dark matter signal region within an approximated nuclear recoil energy window between 5 and 100 keV.展开更多
提出下视频率步进雷达对电大复杂三维体目标电磁散射数值模拟、成像,以及几何特征的重构.采用双向射线解析跟踪BART方法(bidirectional analytic ray tracing method),数值计算随机粗糙面上电大复杂三维目标的极化散射场;基于下视聚束...提出下视频率步进雷达对电大复杂三维体目标电磁散射数值模拟、成像,以及几何特征的重构.采用双向射线解析跟踪BART方法(bidirectional analytic ray tracing method),数值计算随机粗糙面上电大复杂三维目标的极化散射场;基于下视聚束模式的频率步进雷达合成二维圆弧形孔径,获取包含幅度与相位的三维后向散射矩阵;通过波数域的三维插值,获取在XYZ坐标系中的均匀重采样数据;再对重采样数据进行三维快速Fourier变换(3D-FFT)快速获得三维聚焦图像,实现三维目标几何特征的重构.同时,采用基于物理光学(physical optics,PO)的FEKO软件计算简单体目标的散射场及其成像与重构,作为验证与比较.论证了本文对于地面背景上三维复杂体目标散射、成像与重构的可行、准确、高效的良好性能.展开更多
基金This work was supported by the Laoshan National Laboratory Science and Technology Innovation Project(No.LSKJ202203407)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.42174145,41821002,42274146)+1 种基金Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Geophysical High-resolution Imaging Technology(2022B1212010002)Shenzhen Stable Support Plan Program for Higher Education Institutions(20220815110144003).
文摘P-and SV-wave dispersion and attenuation have been extensively investigated in saturated poroelastic media with aligned fractures.However,there are few existing models that incorporate the multiple wave attenuation mechanisms from the microscopic scale to the macroscopic scale.Hence,in this work,we developed a unified model to incorporate the wave attenuation mechanisms at different scales,which includes the microscopic squirt flow between the microcracks and pores,the mesoscopic wave-induced fluid flow between fractures and background(FB-WIFF),and the macroscopic Biot's global flow and elastic scattering(ES)from the fractures.Using Tang's modified Biot's theory and the mixed-boundary conditions,we derived the exact frequency-dependent solutions of the scattering problem for a single penny-shaped fracture with oblique incident P-and SV-waves.We then developed theoretical models for a set of aligned fractures and randomly oriented fractures using the Foldy approximation.The results indicated that microcrack squirt flow considerably influences the dispersion and attenuation of P-and SV-wave velocities.The coupling effects of microcrack squirt flow with the FB-WIFF and ES of fractures cause much higher velocity dispersion and attenuation for P waves than for SV waves.Randomly oriented fractures substantially reduce the attenuation caused by the FB-WIFF and ES,particularly for the ES attenuation of SV waves.Through a comparison with existing models in the limiting cases and previous experimental measurements,we validated our model.
基金supported by the National Natural Science of Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 60971091 and 41071219)
文摘A SIMO(single input and multiple output) system of a step-frequency(SF) radar is used.It works in downward-looking spotlight mode and moves within a 2D synthetic plane array.A 3D(three-dimensional) matrix of bistatic scattering fields is produced in both the amplitude and phase from a 3D complex-shaped electric-large target above background surface.In numerical simulation,the bidirectional analytic ray tracing(BART) method is applied to calculate bistatic scattering in the SIMO observations from a volumetric target above background rough surface.An improved 3D RMA(range migration algorithm) is then utilized to make the imaging.Its 3D imaging is applied to reconstruct the target profile.As validation and comparison,the scattering fields of some simple targets are computed with comparisons of the BART and FEKO software.The SIMO techniques of imaging and reconstruction for a 3D target,such as a tank-like model over rough surface,are presented.
文摘The accelerator-generating 6.13 MeV pulsed Gamma by 19F（p, αγ）160 reaction usually synchronizes with an intense bremsstrahlung x-ray which has a maximum energy of 1 MeV. This paper proposes a new method, named the scattering and absorbing method, to diagnose the 6.13 MeV Gamma. This method includes two parts： the detector and a scatterer placed in front of the detector. The detector converts the Gamma to electrons and then collects the electrons by a scintillator. In order to restrain the interference of the low-energy background, the scintillator collects the electrons at a small angle. The scintillator is wrapped with electro-absorbing material to absorb the low-energy electrons generated by background x-rays. The theoretical sensitivity ratio of 6.13 MeV Gamma to 1 MeV x-rays is greater than 150. The scatterer is a pretreatment tool to scatter some background x-rays away from the radial beam before they enter the detector. By varying the length, the scatterer can reduce the background x-rays to an acceptable level for the detector.
文摘本工作以有序Ni3Fe样品的电子能量损失谱EELS(electron energy loss spectroscopy)的采集、处理和分析为例,叙述了内置(Ω型)与后置能量过滤器在采集和处理电子能量损失谱的工作原理、处理步骤及注意要点。实验结果表明:在采集谱图过程中,内置Ω型能量过滤器零峰非常稳定,后置GIF(gatan image filter)能量过滤器可以节约采集过程中处理谱图的时间。在处理谱图时发现,利用Ω型能量过滤器采集的电子能量损失谱中谱图的背底曲线与理论拟合结果偏差很大;本文提出了通过数据处理给出的校正因子可以很好地弥补这一偏差。由于Ω型能量过滤器的物距较小,在零峰附近常伴随有衍射点,所以无论样品厚度如何,由Ω型能量过滤器采集的电子能量损失谱必须扣除多重散射的影响。
基金Supported in part by grants from National Science Foundation of China(12090061,12005131,11905128,11925502)the Ministry of Science and Technology of China(2016YFA0400301)the Office of Science and Technology,Shanghai Municipal Government(18JC1410200)。
文摘Neutron-induced nuclear recoil background is critical to dark matter searches in the PandaX-4T liquid xenon experiment.In this study,we investigate the features of neutron background in liquid xenon and evaluate its contribution in single scattering nuclear recoil events using three methods.The first method is fully based on Monte Carlo simulations.The last two are data-driven methods that also use multiple scattering signals and high energy signals in the data.In the PandaX-4T commissioning data with an exposure of 0.63 tonne-year,all these methods give a consistent result,i.e.,there are 1.15±0.57 neutron-induced backgrounds in the dark matter signal region within an approximated nuclear recoil energy window between 5 and 100 keV.
