为了解决传统K-means算法对初始聚类中心敏感和聚类数目事先难以确定的问题,提出了一种改进的K-means算法。改进算法利用最大距离等分策略来选取初始聚类中心,并利用一种评价函数来自动确定聚类数,减少了算法结果对参数的依赖。将改进...为了解决传统K-means算法对初始聚类中心敏感和聚类数目事先难以确定的问题,提出了一种改进的K-means算法。改进算法利用最大距离等分策略来选取初始聚类中心,并利用一种评价函数来自动确定聚类数,减少了算法结果对参数的依赖。将改进算法应用到某企业客户分类中时,为提高分类结果的表征性,提出了以客户最近购买时间(Recency)、购买频次(Frequency)、平均购买额(Average Monetary)和购买倾向(Trend)作为客户价值细分变量的RFAT(Recency,frequency,average monetary and trend)模型,对客户RFAT值进行了聚类分析,并提供了针对不同客户群的营销策略。实证研究表明,该文所提出的改进算法和模型可以有效地对企业客户进行分类,能充分反映客户的当前价值和增值潜能。展开更多
The bounds are obtained for the average crosscap number. Let G be a graph which is not a tree. It is shown that the average crosscap number of G is not less than 2 β(G?1/2 β(G?1 β(G) and not larger than β(G). Furt...The bounds are obtained for the average crosscap number. Let G be a graph which is not a tree. It is shown that the average crosscap number of G is not less than 2 β(G?1/2 β(G?1 β(G) and not larger than β(G). Furthermore, we also describe the structure of the graphs which attain the bounds of the average crosscap number.展开更多
A novel adaptive multiple dependent state sampling plan(AMDSSP)was designed to inspect products from a continuous manufacturing process under the accelerated life test(ALT)using both double sampling plan(DSP)and multi...A novel adaptive multiple dependent state sampling plan(AMDSSP)was designed to inspect products from a continuous manufacturing process under the accelerated life test(ALT)using both double sampling plan(DSP)and multiple dependent state sampling plan(MDSSP)concepts.Under accelerated conditions,the lifetime of a product follows the Weibull distribution with a known shape parameter,while the scale parameter can be determined using the acceleration factor(AF).The Arrhenius model is used to estimate AF when the damaging process is temperature-sensitive.An economic design of the proposed sampling plan was also considered for the ALT.A genetic algorithm with nonlinear optimization was used to estimate optimal plan parameters to minimize the average sample number(ASN)and total cost of inspection(TC)under both producer’s and consumer’s risks.Numerical results are presented to support the AMDSSP for the ALT,while performance comparisons between the AMDSSP,the MDSSP and a single sampling plan(SSP)for the ALT are discussed.Results indicated that the AMDSSP was more flexible and efficient for ASN and TC than the MDSSP and SSP plans under accelerated conditions.The AMDSSP also had a higher operating characteristic(OC)curve than both the existing sampling plans.Two real datasets of electronic devices for the ALT at high temperatures demonstrated the practicality and usefulness of the proposed sampling plan.展开更多
With the rapid development of urban road traffic and the increasing number of vehicles,how to alleviate traffic congestion is one of the hot issues that need to be urgently addressed in building smart cities.Therefore...With the rapid development of urban road traffic and the increasing number of vehicles,how to alleviate traffic congestion is one of the hot issues that need to be urgently addressed in building smart cities.Therefore,in this paper,a nonlinear multi-objective optimization model of urban intersection signal timing based on a Genetic Algorithm was constructed.Specifically,a typical urban intersection was selected as the research object,and drivers’acceleration habits were taken into account.What’s more,the shortest average delay time,the least average number of stops,and the maximum capacity of the intersection were regarded as the optimization objectives.The optimization results show that compared with the Webster method when the vehicle speed is 60 km/h and the acceleration is 2.5 m/s^(2),the signal intersection timing scheme based on the proposed Genetic Algorithm multi-objective optimization reduces the intersection signal cycle time by 14.6%,the average vehicle delay time by 12.9%,the capacity by 16.2%,and the average number of vehicles stop by 0.4%.To verify the simulation results,the authors imported the optimized timing scheme into the constructed Simulation of the Urban Mobility model.The experimental results show that the authors optimized timing scheme is superior to Webster’s in terms of vehicle average loss time reduction,carbon monoxide emission,particulate matter emission,and vehicle fuel consumption.The research in this paper provides a basis for Genetic algorithms in traffic signal control.展开更多
The impacts of climate change on crop yields are receiving renewed interest,with focus on cereals and staple crops at the regional and national scales.Yet,the impacts of climate change on the yields of leguminous crop...The impacts of climate change on crop yields are receiving renewed interest,with focus on cereals and staple crops at the regional and national scales.Yet,the impacts of climate change on the yields of leguminous crops in the local context has not been explored.Thus,an in-depth understanding of climate change in the local context may support the design of locally relevant adaptation responses to current and future climate risks.This study examined the impacts of climate variables(annual rainfall,annual average temperature,rainfall indices(rainfall onset,rainfall cessation,and the length of rainy days),and the number of dry days)on the yields of leguminous crops(groundnuts,cowpeas,and soybeans)in the Guinea Savanna agroecological zone of Ghana during the period of 1989-2020.The data were analysed using Mann-Kendall’s trend,Sen’s slope test,correlation analysis,and Multiple Regression Analysis(MRA).The findings revealed that annual rainfall,annual average temperature,rainfall onset,rainfall cessation,and the length of rainy days,and the number of dry days all showed varied impacts on the yields of groundnuts,cowpeas,and soybeans.The trend analysis detected a marginal decrease in the amount of rainfall,rainfall onset,and the number of dry days from 1989 to 2020(P>0.050).Annual average temperature and the length of rainy days substantially varied(P<0.050)from 1989 to 2020,showing an increasing trend.The findings also showed a marked upward trend for the yields of groundnuts,cowpeas,and soybeans during 2005-2020.The climate variables analysed above increased the yields of groundnuts,cowpeas,and soybeans by 49.0%,55.0%,and 69.0%,respectively.The yields of groundnuts,cowpeas,and soybeans fluctuated with the variability of 30.0%,28.0%,and 27.0%from 2005 to 2020,respectively.The three leguminous crops under study demonstrated unpredictable yields due to the variations of annual rainfall,annual average temperature,rainfall onset,rainfall cessation,the length of rainy days,and the number of dry days,which stressed the n展开更多
Some physicists depicted the molecular structure SnCl_2 · 2（H_2O） by a piece of an Archimedean tiling（4.8.8） that is a partial cube. Inspired by this fact, we determine Archimedean tilings whose connected sub...Some physicists depicted the molecular structure SnCl_2 · 2（H_2O） by a piece of an Archimedean tiling（4.8.8） that is a partial cube. Inspired by this fact, we determine Archimedean tilings whose connected subgraphs are all partial cubes. Actually there are only four Archimedean tilings,（4.4.4.4）,（6.6.6）,（4.8.8） and（4.6.12）, which have this property. Furthermore, we obtain analytical expressions for Wiener numbers of some connected subgraphs of（4.8.8） and（4.6.12） tilings. In addition, we also discuss their asymptotic behaviors.展开更多
In this paper, we deduce Wiener number of some connected subgraphs in tilings (4, 4, 4, 4) and (4, 6, 12), which are in Archimedean tilings. And compute their average distance.
Based on analysis of the discharging course in double grid air counter (DGAC),the dischargin model is built up by applying the conception of average ionizing free path. An effective algorithm is presented for the wor...Based on analysis of the discharging course in double grid air counter (DGAC),the dischargin model is built up by applying the conception of average ionizing free path. An effective algorithm is presented for the working voltage of DGAC using this model. The working voltage is nearly related to the geometric parameters of DGAC, the sensitivity of the circuitry and the number of discharges. Computing results confirm that the working voltage increases with the ratio of the radius of the anode to that of the cathode. The number of discharges follows the similar rule.展开更多
Deep unmineable coals are considered as economic and effective geological media for CO_(2) storage and CO_(2) enhanced coalbed methane(CO_(2)-ECBM) recovery is the key technology to realize CO_(2) geological sequestra...Deep unmineable coals are considered as economic and effective geological media for CO_(2) storage and CO_(2) enhanced coalbed methane(CO_(2)-ECBM) recovery is the key technology to realize CO_(2) geological sequestration in coals. Anthracite samples were collected from the Qinshui Basin and subjected to mercury intrusion porosimetry, low-pressure CO_(2) adsorption, and high-pressure CH_(4)/CO_(2) isothermal adsorption experiments. The average number of layers of adsorbed molecules(ANLAM) and the CH_(4)/CO_(2) absolute adsorption amounts and their ratio at experimental temperatures and pressures were calculated. Based on a comparison of the density of supercritical CO_(2) and supercritical CH_(4), it is proposed that the higher adsorption capacity of supercritical CO_(2) over supercritical CH_(4) is the result of their density differences at the same temperature. Lastly, the optimal depth for CO_(2)-ECBM in the Qinshui Basin is recommended. The results show that:(1) the adsorption capacity and the ANLAM of CO_(2) are about twice that of CH_(4) on SH-3 anthracite. The effect of pressure on the CO_(2)/CH_(4) absolute adsorption ratio decreases with the increase of pressure and tends to be consistent.(2) A parameter(the density ratio between gas free and adsorbed phase(DRFA)) is proposed to assess the absolute adsorption amount according to the supercritical CO_(2)/CH_(4) attributes. The DRFA of CO_(2) and CH_(4) both show a highly positive correlation with their absolute adsorption amounts, and therefore, the higher DRFA of CO_(2) is the significant cause of its higher adsorption capacity over CH_(4) under the same temperature and pressure.(3) CO_(2) adsorption on coal shows micropore filling with multilayer adsorption in the macro-mesopore, while methane exhibits monolayer surface coverage.(4) Based on the ideal CO_(2)/CH_(4) competitive adsorption ratio, CO_(2) storage capacity, and permeability variation with depth, it is recommended that the optimal depth for CO_(2)-ECBM in the Qinshui Basin ranges from 1000 m 展开更多
文摘为了解决传统K-means算法对初始聚类中心敏感和聚类数目事先难以确定的问题,提出了一种改进的K-means算法。改进算法利用最大距离等分策略来选取初始聚类中心,并利用一种评价函数来自动确定聚类数,减少了算法结果对参数的依赖。将改进算法应用到某企业客户分类中时,为提高分类结果的表征性,提出了以客户最近购买时间(Recency)、购买频次(Frequency)、平均购买额(Average Monetary)和购买倾向(Trend)作为客户价值细分变量的RFAT(Recency,frequency,average monetary and trend)模型,对客户RFAT值进行了聚类分析,并提供了针对不同客户群的营销策略。实证研究表明,该文所提出的改进算法和模型可以有效地对企业客户进行分类,能充分反映客户的当前价值和增值潜能。
基金This work was partially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 60373030,10751013)
文摘The bounds are obtained for the average crosscap number. Let G be a graph which is not a tree. It is shown that the average crosscap number of G is not less than 2 β(G?1/2 β(G?1 β(G) and not larger than β(G). Furthermore, we also describe the structure of the graphs which attain the bounds of the average crosscap number.
基金This research was supported by The Science,Research and Innovation Promotion Funding(TSRI)(Grant No.FRB650070/0168)This research block grants was managed under Rajamangala University of Technology Thanyaburi(FRB65E0634M.3).
文摘A novel adaptive multiple dependent state sampling plan(AMDSSP)was designed to inspect products from a continuous manufacturing process under the accelerated life test(ALT)using both double sampling plan(DSP)and multiple dependent state sampling plan(MDSSP)concepts.Under accelerated conditions,the lifetime of a product follows the Weibull distribution with a known shape parameter,while the scale parameter can be determined using the acceleration factor(AF).The Arrhenius model is used to estimate AF when the damaging process is temperature-sensitive.An economic design of the proposed sampling plan was also considered for the ALT.A genetic algorithm with nonlinear optimization was used to estimate optimal plan parameters to minimize the average sample number(ASN)and total cost of inspection(TC)under both producer’s and consumer’s risks.Numerical results are presented to support the AMDSSP for the ALT,while performance comparisons between the AMDSSP,the MDSSP and a single sampling plan(SSP)for the ALT are discussed.Results indicated that the AMDSSP was more flexible and efficient for ASN and TC than the MDSSP and SSP plans under accelerated conditions.The AMDSSP also had a higher operating characteristic(OC)curve than both the existing sampling plans.Two real datasets of electronic devices for the ALT at high temperatures demonstrated the practicality and usefulness of the proposed sampling plan.
基金supported by the joint NNSF&FDCT Project Number (0066/2019/AFJ)joint MOST&FDCT Project Number (0058/2019/AMJ),City University of Macao,Macao,China.
文摘With the rapid development of urban road traffic and the increasing number of vehicles,how to alleviate traffic congestion is one of the hot issues that need to be urgently addressed in building smart cities.Therefore,in this paper,a nonlinear multi-objective optimization model of urban intersection signal timing based on a Genetic Algorithm was constructed.Specifically,a typical urban intersection was selected as the research object,and drivers’acceleration habits were taken into account.What’s more,the shortest average delay time,the least average number of stops,and the maximum capacity of the intersection were regarded as the optimization objectives.The optimization results show that compared with the Webster method when the vehicle speed is 60 km/h and the acceleration is 2.5 m/s^(2),the signal intersection timing scheme based on the proposed Genetic Algorithm multi-objective optimization reduces the intersection signal cycle time by 14.6%,the average vehicle delay time by 12.9%,the capacity by 16.2%,and the average number of vehicles stop by 0.4%.To verify the simulation results,the authors imported the optimized timing scheme into the constructed Simulation of the Urban Mobility model.The experimental results show that the authors optimized timing scheme is superior to Webster’s in terms of vehicle average loss time reduction,carbon monoxide emission,particulate matter emission,and vehicle fuel consumption.The research in this paper provides a basis for Genetic algorithms in traffic signal control.
文摘The impacts of climate change on crop yields are receiving renewed interest,with focus on cereals and staple crops at the regional and national scales.Yet,the impacts of climate change on the yields of leguminous crops in the local context has not been explored.Thus,an in-depth understanding of climate change in the local context may support the design of locally relevant adaptation responses to current and future climate risks.This study examined the impacts of climate variables(annual rainfall,annual average temperature,rainfall indices(rainfall onset,rainfall cessation,and the length of rainy days),and the number of dry days)on the yields of leguminous crops(groundnuts,cowpeas,and soybeans)in the Guinea Savanna agroecological zone of Ghana during the period of 1989-2020.The data were analysed using Mann-Kendall’s trend,Sen’s slope test,correlation analysis,and Multiple Regression Analysis(MRA).The findings revealed that annual rainfall,annual average temperature,rainfall onset,rainfall cessation,and the length of rainy days,and the number of dry days all showed varied impacts on the yields of groundnuts,cowpeas,and soybeans.The trend analysis detected a marginal decrease in the amount of rainfall,rainfall onset,and the number of dry days from 1989 to 2020(P>0.050).Annual average temperature and the length of rainy days substantially varied(P<0.050)from 1989 to 2020,showing an increasing trend.The findings also showed a marked upward trend for the yields of groundnuts,cowpeas,and soybeans during 2005-2020.The climate variables analysed above increased the yields of groundnuts,cowpeas,and soybeans by 49.0%,55.0%,and 69.0%,respectively.The yields of groundnuts,cowpeas,and soybeans fluctuated with the variability of 30.0%,28.0%,and 27.0%from 2005 to 2020,respectively.The three leguminous crops under study demonstrated unpredictable yields due to the variations of annual rainfall,annual average temperature,rainfall onset,rainfall cessation,the length of rainy days,and the number of dry days,which stressed the n
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant No.11471273 and No.11271307Youth Research Fund Project of Chengyi College of Jimei University under Grant No.CK17007
文摘Some physicists depicted the molecular structure SnCl_2 · 2（H_2O） by a piece of an Archimedean tiling（4.8.8） that is a partial cube. Inspired by this fact, we determine Archimedean tilings whose connected subgraphs are all partial cubes. Actually there are only four Archimedean tilings,（4.4.4.4）,（6.6.6）,（4.8.8） and（4.6.12）, which have this property. Furthermore, we obtain analytical expressions for Wiener numbers of some connected subgraphs of（4.8.8） and（4.6.12） tilings. In addition, we also discuss their asymptotic behaviors.
文摘In this paper, we deduce Wiener number of some connected subgraphs in tilings (4, 4, 4, 4) and (4, 6, 12), which are in Archimedean tilings. And compute their average distance.
文摘Based on analysis of the discharging course in double grid air counter (DGAC),the dischargin model is built up by applying the conception of average ionizing free path. An effective algorithm is presented for the working voltage of DGAC using this model. The working voltage is nearly related to the geometric parameters of DGAC, the sensitivity of the circuitry and the number of discharges. Computing results confirm that the working voltage increases with the ratio of the radius of the anode to that of the cathode. The number of discharges follows the similar rule.
基金the financial support provided by National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos. 42102207 and 42141012)Major Project supported by Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Coal-based Greenhouse Gas Control and Utilization, CUMT (2020ZDZZ01C)+1 种基金the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (2021YCPY0106)A Project Funded by the Priority Academic Program Development of Jiangsu Higher Education Institution (PAPD)。
文摘Deep unmineable coals are considered as economic and effective geological media for CO_(2) storage and CO_(2) enhanced coalbed methane(CO_(2)-ECBM) recovery is the key technology to realize CO_(2) geological sequestration in coals. Anthracite samples were collected from the Qinshui Basin and subjected to mercury intrusion porosimetry, low-pressure CO_(2) adsorption, and high-pressure CH_(4)/CO_(2) isothermal adsorption experiments. The average number of layers of adsorbed molecules(ANLAM) and the CH_(4)/CO_(2) absolute adsorption amounts and their ratio at experimental temperatures and pressures were calculated. Based on a comparison of the density of supercritical CO_(2) and supercritical CH_(4), it is proposed that the higher adsorption capacity of supercritical CO_(2) over supercritical CH_(4) is the result of their density differences at the same temperature. Lastly, the optimal depth for CO_(2)-ECBM in the Qinshui Basin is recommended. The results show that:(1) the adsorption capacity and the ANLAM of CO_(2) are about twice that of CH_(4) on SH-3 anthracite. The effect of pressure on the CO_(2)/CH_(4) absolute adsorption ratio decreases with the increase of pressure and tends to be consistent.(2) A parameter(the density ratio between gas free and adsorbed phase(DRFA)) is proposed to assess the absolute adsorption amount according to the supercritical CO_(2)/CH_(4) attributes. The DRFA of CO_(2) and CH_(4) both show a highly positive correlation with their absolute adsorption amounts, and therefore, the higher DRFA of CO_(2) is the significant cause of its higher adsorption capacity over CH_(4) under the same temperature and pressure.(3) CO_(2) adsorption on coal shows micropore filling with multilayer adsorption in the macro-mesopore, while methane exhibits monolayer surface coverage.(4) Based on the ideal CO_(2)/CH_(4) competitive adsorption ratio, CO_(2) storage capacity, and permeability variation with depth, it is recommended that the optimal depth for CO_(2)-ECBM in the Qinshui Basin ranges from 1000 m
