The present paper explores the special behavior of geminate consonants in Moroccan Arabic vis-á-vis short consonants and consonant clusters.By way of comparison,it is shown that geminates exhibit properties that ...The present paper explores the special behavior of geminate consonants in Moroccan Arabic vis-á-vis short consonants and consonant clusters.By way of comparison,it is shown that geminates exhibit properties that are reminiscent of both unit structures and cluster structures.In particular,we reveal that geminates in MA demonstrate an inconsistent behavior in relation to the process of schwa epenthesis.In this context,we ask whether geminates get split up in MA,and when and how that happens.In order to characterize the patterning of geminates in MA,different phonological representations of geminates are examined against the variable behavior of geminates.On this basis,it is eventually suggested that geminates should be depicted as two root nodes that are underlyingly associated with a mora at the prosodic level.展开更多
Due to the interaction between lexical tones and intonation in Chinese speech melody, the contour patterns of Chinese IPs （intonational phrases） have long been an intriguing yet complicated subject. Within the AM （...Due to the interaction between lexical tones and intonation in Chinese speech melody, the contour patterns of Chinese IPs （intonational phrases） have long been an intriguing yet complicated subject. Within the AM （Autosegmental-Metrical） framework, this paper makes an empirical study on the subject based on a small-scale database of 22 standard Chinese news stories. A five-degree D value system is proposed for data normalization so that various contour patterns of IPs can be identified and compared despite complications in pitch register and pitch range. The major findings are： Chinese IPs mainly comprise 2, 3, or 4 ips （intermediate phrases）. And the contour patterns of Chinese IPs suggest that the statement intonation in Chinese is primarily indicated by the near-bottom Dmin value of the last ip. Meanwhile, when the primary indicator is not typical, the falling trend of the last part of the top-line can serve as a compensatory perceptual clue.展开更多
BACKGROUND Radiation dose to specific cardiac substructures can have a significant on treatment related morbidity and mortality,yet definition of these structures is labor intensive and not standard.Autosegmentation s...BACKGROUND Radiation dose to specific cardiac substructures can have a significant on treatment related morbidity and mortality,yet definition of these structures is labor intensive and not standard.Autosegmentation software may potentially address these issues,however it is unclear whether this approach can be broadly applied across different treatment planning conditions.We investigated the feasibility of autosegmentation of the cardiac substructures in four-dimensional(4D)computed tomography(CT),respiratory-gated,non-contrasted imaging.AIM To determine whether autosegmentation can be successfully employed on 4DCT respiratory-gated,non-contrasted imaging.METHODS We included patients who underwent stereotactic body radiation therapy for inoperable,early-stage non-small cell lung cancer from 2007 to 2019.All patients were simulated via 4DCT imaging with respiratory gating without intravenous contrast.Generated structure quality was evaluated by degree of required manual edits and volume discrepancy between the autocontoured structures and its edited sister structure.RESULTS Initial 17-structure cardiac atlas was generated with 20 patients followed by three successive iterations of 10 patients using MIM software.The great vessels and heart chambers were reliably autosegmented with most edits considered minor.In contrast,coronary arteries either failed to be autosegmented or the generated structures required major alterations necessitating deletion and manual definition.Similarly,the generated mitral and tricuspid valves were poor whereas the aortic and pulmonary valves required at least minor and moderate changes respectively.For the majority of subsites,the additional samples did not appear to substantially impact the quality of generated structures.Volumetric analysis between autosegmented and its manually edited sister structure yielded comparable findings to the physician-based assessment of structure quality.CONCLUSION The use of MIM software with 30-sample subject library was found to be useful in delineatin展开更多
文摘The present paper explores the special behavior of geminate consonants in Moroccan Arabic vis-á-vis short consonants and consonant clusters.By way of comparison,it is shown that geminates exhibit properties that are reminiscent of both unit structures and cluster structures.In particular,we reveal that geminates in MA demonstrate an inconsistent behavior in relation to the process of schwa epenthesis.In this context,we ask whether geminates get split up in MA,and when and how that happens.In order to characterize the patterning of geminates in MA,different phonological representations of geminates are examined against the variable behavior of geminates.On this basis,it is eventually suggested that geminates should be depicted as two root nodes that are underlyingly associated with a mora at the prosodic level.
文摘Due to the interaction between lexical tones and intonation in Chinese speech melody, the contour patterns of Chinese IPs （intonational phrases） have long been an intriguing yet complicated subject. Within the AM （Autosegmental-Metrical） framework, this paper makes an empirical study on the subject based on a small-scale database of 22 standard Chinese news stories. A five-degree D value system is proposed for data normalization so that various contour patterns of IPs can be identified and compared despite complications in pitch register and pitch range. The major findings are： Chinese IPs mainly comprise 2, 3, or 4 ips （intermediate phrases）. And the contour patterns of Chinese IPs suggest that the statement intonation in Chinese is primarily indicated by the near-bottom Dmin value of the last ip. Meanwhile, when the primary indicator is not typical, the falling trend of the last part of the top-line can serve as a compensatory perceptual clue.
文摘BACKGROUND Radiation dose to specific cardiac substructures can have a significant on treatment related morbidity and mortality,yet definition of these structures is labor intensive and not standard.Autosegmentation software may potentially address these issues,however it is unclear whether this approach can be broadly applied across different treatment planning conditions.We investigated the feasibility of autosegmentation of the cardiac substructures in four-dimensional(4D)computed tomography(CT),respiratory-gated,non-contrasted imaging.AIM To determine whether autosegmentation can be successfully employed on 4DCT respiratory-gated,non-contrasted imaging.METHODS We included patients who underwent stereotactic body radiation therapy for inoperable,early-stage non-small cell lung cancer from 2007 to 2019.All patients were simulated via 4DCT imaging with respiratory gating without intravenous contrast.Generated structure quality was evaluated by degree of required manual edits and volume discrepancy between the autocontoured structures and its edited sister structure.RESULTS Initial 17-structure cardiac atlas was generated with 20 patients followed by three successive iterations of 10 patients using MIM software.The great vessels and heart chambers were reliably autosegmented with most edits considered minor.In contrast,coronary arteries either failed to be autosegmented or the generated structures required major alterations necessitating deletion and manual definition.Similarly,the generated mitral and tricuspid valves were poor whereas the aortic and pulmonary valves required at least minor and moderate changes respectively.For the majority of subsites,the additional samples did not appear to substantially impact the quality of generated structures.Volumetric analysis between autosegmented and its manually edited sister structure yielded comparable findings to the physician-based assessment of structure quality.CONCLUSION The use of MIM software with 30-sample subject library was found to be useful in delineatin
